G Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) perceive many extracellular signals and transduce them to heterotrimeric G proteins, which further transduce these signals intracellular to appropriate downstream effectors and thereby play an important role in various signaling pathways. G proteins are specialized proteins with the ability to bind the nucleotides guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and guanosine diphosphate (GDP). In unstimulated cells, the state of G alpha is defined by its interaction with GDP, G beta-gamma, and a GPCR. Upon receptor stimulation by a ligand, G alpha dissociates from the receptor and G beta-gamma, and GTP is exchanged for the bound GDP, which leads to G alpha activation. G alpha then goes on to activate other molecules in the cell. These effects include activating the MAPK and PI3K pathways, as well as inhibition of the Na+/H+ exchanger in the plasma membrane, and the lowering of intracellular Ca2+ levels.

Most human GPCRs can be grouped into five main families named; Glutamate, Rhodopsin, Adhesion, Frizzled/Taste2, and Secretin, forming the GRAFS classification system.

A series of studies showed that aberrant GPCR Signaling including those for GPCR-PCa, PSGR2, CaSR, GPR30, and GPR39 are associated with tumorigenesis or metastasis, thus interfering with these receptors and their downstream targets might provide an opportunity for the development of new strategies for cancer diagnosis, prevention and treatment. At present, modulators of GPCRs form a key area for the pharmaceutical industry, representing approximately 27% of all FDA-approved drugs.

References:
[1] Moreira IS. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2014 Jan;1840(1):16-33.
[2] Tuteja N. Plant Signal Behav. 2009 Oct;4(10):942-7.
[3] Williams C, et al. Methods Mol Biol. 2009;552:39-50.
[4] Schiöth HB, et al. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 2005 May 15;142(1-2):94-101.
[5] Wu J, et al. Cancer Genomics Proteomics. 2012 Jan;9(1):37-50.


Anti-infection >
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Diphenylpyraline (hydrochloride)

Diphenylpyraline Hcl is a first-generation antihistamine with anticholinergic effects, acts as a dopamine reuptake inhibitor, shows to be useful in the treatment of Parkinsonism.

  • CAS Number: 132-18-3
  • MF: C19H24ClNO
  • MW: 317.85300
  • Catalog: Histamine Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 378.7ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: 203-205ºC(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 111.6ºC

ABT 724 trihydrochloride

ABT-724 trihydrochloride is a potent and highly selective dopamine D4 receptor agonist with an EC50 of 12.4 nM for human dopamine D4 receptor. ABT-724 trihydrochloride is a potent partial agonist at the rat D4 (EC50 of 14.3 nM) and the ferret D4 receptor (EC50 of 23.2 nM), and has no effect on dopamine D1, D2, D3, or D5 receptors. ABT-724 trihydrochloride could be useful for the treatment of erectile dysfunction and has favorable side-effect profile[1].

  • CAS Number: 587870-77-7
  • MF: C17H22Cl3N5
  • MW: 402.749
  • Catalog: Dopamine Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

CAY10598

TCS 2510 is a selective EP4 agonist. TCS 2510 can be used for the research of metabolic diseases[1].

  • CAS Number: 346673-06-1
  • MF: C21H29N5O2
  • MW: 383.487
  • Catalog: Prostaglandin Receptor
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 632.0±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 336.0±34.3 °C

AC260584

AC260584 is an M1 muscarinic receptor allosteric agonist with a pEC50 of 7.6.

  • CAS Number: 560083-42-3
  • MF: C20H29FN2O2
  • MW: 348.45500
  • Catalog: mAChR
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

LPA2 antagonist 2

LPA2 antagonist 2 (H2L 5226501) is a selective LPA2 antagonist with an IC50 of 28.3 nM, which is >480-fold more selective than LPA3 (IC50 of 13.85 μM)[1].

  • CAS Number: 36840-10-5
  • MF: C20H16N2O6
  • MW: 380.35100
  • Catalog: LPL Receptor
  • Density: 1.444±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)
  • Boiling Point: 758.0±60.0 °C(Predicted)
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

LCB-2853

LCB-2853 is an antagonist of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) receptor, with antiplatelet and antithrombotic activities.

  • CAS Number: 141335-10-6
  • MF: C21H24ClNO4S
  • MW: 421.938
  • Catalog: Prostaglandin Receptor
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 591.9±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 311.8±32.9 °C

Orexin receptor antagonist 4

Orexin receptor antagonist 4 is potent and selective orexin 2 receptor (OX2R) antagonist with an IC50 of 4.27 nM. Orexin receptor antagonist 4 is 61-fold selective for the OX2R over the OX1R (IC50 of 295 nM) (WO2018206959A1; example 1)[1].

  • CAS Number: 2251017-69-1
  • MF: C23H25FN4O2
  • MW: 408.47
  • Catalog: Orexin Receptor (OX Receptor)
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

CGS 15943

CGS 15943 is an adenosine A2 receptor antagonist and reduces stroke injury in the Mongolian gerbil[1]. CGS 15943 is a selectively p110γ inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.1 μM, shows inhibitory effect on p110δ (IC50=8.47 μM), has an anti-carcinogenic effect on HCC and PDAC cells[2].

  • CAS Number: 104615-18-1
  • MF: C13H8ClN5O
  • MW: 285.68900
  • Catalog: Adenosine Receptor
  • Density: 1.72 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 566.6ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 278-279 °C
  • Flash Point: 296.5ºC

NPEC-caged-LY379268

NPEC-caged-LY379268 is a type II mGluR agonist[1].

  • CAS Number: 1315379-62-4
  • MF: C16H16N2O9
  • MW: 380.31
  • Catalog: mGluR
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

1-Thia-4,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decan-3-one,8-[3-(2-chloro-10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)propyl]-, hydrochloride (1:1)

Spiclomazine hydrochloride (APY-606) is an antipsychotic and antitumor agent. Spiclomazine hydrochloride inhibits KRas. Spiclomazine hydrochloride induces cancer cell apoptosis[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 27007-85-8
  • MF: C22H25Cl2N3OS2
  • MW: 482.48900
  • Catalog: Ras
  • Density: 1.42g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 695.3ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 374.3ºC

CY 208-243

CY 208-243 is a selective dopamine D1 receptor agonist which exhibits antiparkinsonian activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 100999-26-6
  • MF: C19H18N2
  • MW: 274.36000
  • Catalog: Dopamine Receptor
  • Density: 1.225 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 466.5ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 227-228ºC
  • Flash Point: 236ºC

Tamsulosin-d4 hydrochloride

Tamsulosin-d4 (hydrochloride) is deuterium labeled Tamsulosin (hydrochloride). Tamsulosin hydrochloride ((R)-(-)-YM12617) is an inhibitor of α1-adrenergic receptor. Tamsulosin hydrochloride is used for the research of prostatic hyperplasia. Tamsulosin hydrochloride attenuates abdominal aortic aneurysm growth in animal models[1].

  • CAS Number: 2518100-55-3
  • MF: C20H25D4ClN2O5S
  • MW: 449.00
  • Catalog: Adrenergic Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Ursodeoxycholic acid sodium

Ursodeoxycholic acid (Ursodeoxycholate) sodium is a secondary bile acid issued from the transformation of (cheno)deoxycholic acid by intestinal bacteria, acting as a key regulator of the intestinal barrier integrity and essential for lipid metabolism. Ursodeoxycholic acid sodium acts as signaling molecule, exerting its effects by interacting with bile acid activated receptors, including G-protein coupled bile acid receptor 5 (TGR5, GPCR19) and the farnesoid X receptor (FXR). Ursodeoxycholic acid sodium can be used for the research of a variety of hepatic and gastrointestinal diseases. Orally active[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 2898-95-5
  • MF: C24H39NaO4
  • MW: 414.554
  • Catalog: GPCR19
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

lemborexant

Lemborexant (E-2006) is a dual antagonist of the orexin OX1 and OX2 receptors which is under development for treatment of insomnia.

  • CAS Number: 1369764-02-2
  • MF: C22H20F2N4O2
  • MW: 410.417
  • Catalog: Orexin Receptor (OX Receptor)
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 596.1±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 314.3±30.1 °C

Diethylaminoethyl

Aprophen (Aprofene) is an antimuscarinic inhibitor. Aprophen can be used for the research of central nervous system[1].

  • CAS Number: 3563-01-7
  • MF: C21H27NO2
  • MW: 325.44500
  • Catalog: mAChR
  • Density: 1.041g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 434.8ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 132.5ºC

FAUC-365

FAUC 365 is a highly dopamine D3 receptor-selective antagonist with Ki values of 0.5 nM, 340, 2600, and 3600 nM at D3, D4.4, D2short, and D2Long receptors, respectively. FAUC 365 can be used for the research of schizophrenia, and Parkinson's disease[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 474432-66-1
  • MF: C23H25Cl2N3OS
  • MW: 462.435
  • Catalog: Dopamine Receptor
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 680.3±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 365.2±31.5 °C

S1R agonist 1 hydrochloride

S1R agonist 1 (Compound 6b) hydrochloride is a selective S1R agonist with Kis of 0.93 nM and 72 nM for S1R and S2R, respectively. S1R agonist 1 hydrochloride exhibits neuroprotection against ROS and NMDA-induced neurotoxicity[1].

  • CAS Number: 242487-82-7
  • MF: C20H26ClNO
  • MW: 331.88
  • Catalog: Sigma Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

LY 163443

LY 163443 is a selective antagonist of leukotrienes D4 (LTD4) and E4 (LTE4). LY 163443 can antagonize LTD4-induced contractions of guinea pig ileum, trachea, and lung parenchyma. LY 163443 also inhibits tracheal contractions to LTE4[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 97581-70-9
  • MF: C20H22N4O3
  • MW: 366.41400
  • Catalog: Leukotriene Receptor
  • Density: 1.259g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 607.7ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 321.3ºC
  • CAS Number: 59481-79-7
  • MF: C45H66N10O15S
  • MW: 1019.13000
  • Catalog: Opioid Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

RG-12915

RG-12915 is a selective 5-HT3 antagonist, with IC50 value of 0.16 nM.

  • CAS Number: 136174-04-4
  • MF: C20H25ClN2O2
  • MW: 360.878
  • Catalog: 5-HT Receptor
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 462.6±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 233.6±28.7 °C

CB1R Allosteric modulator 4

CB1R Allosteric modulator 4 is a positive allosteric modulator of cannabinoid type-1 (CB1R) with good biological activity. CB1R Allosteric modulator 4 inhibits cAMP production and shows robust activity in β-arrestin-2 recruitment[1].

  • CAS Number: 2633686-53-8
  • MF: C20H17N3O2S
  • MW: 363.43
  • Catalog: Cannabinoid Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Isoproterenol

Isoprenaline is a non-selective, orally active β-adrenergic receptor agonist. Isoprenaline has potent peripheral vasodilator, bronchodilator, and cardiac stimulating activities. Isoprenaline can be used for the research of bradycardia and bronchial asthma[1][2][3][4][5][6].

  • CAS Number: 7683-59-2
  • MF: C11H17NO3
  • MW: 211.258
  • Catalog: Adrenergic Receptor
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 417.5±40.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 165 - 170ºC
  • Flash Point: 179.7±17.9 °C

BIIL-260 hydrochloride

BIIL-260 hydrochloride is a potent and long-acting orally active leukotriene B(4) receptor LTB4 antagonist, with anti-inflammatory activity. BIIL-260 hydrochloride interacts with the LTB4 receptor in a saturable, reversible, and competitive manner, has high affinity to the LTB4 receptor on isolated human neutrophil cell membranes with Ki values of 1.7 nM[1].

  • CAS Number: 192581-24-1
  • MF: C30H31ClN2O3
  • MW: 503.03
  • Catalog: Leukotriene Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Atipamezole hydrochloride

Atipamezole hydrochloride is a synthetic α2-adrenoceptor antagonist with a Ki of 1.6 nM.

  • CAS Number: 104075-48-1
  • MF: C14H17ClN2
  • MW: 248.751
  • Catalog: Adrenergic Receptor
  • Density: 1.115g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 367.1ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 178ºC

Cebranopadol ((1α,4α)stereoisomer)

Cebranopadol ((1α,4α)stereoisomer) is a stereoisomer of cebranopadol. Cebranopadol is a potent agonist activity on ORL-1.

  • CAS Number: 863513-93-3
  • MF: C24H27FN2O
  • MW: 378.48
  • Catalog: Opioid Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Famotidine-13C,d3

Famotidine-13C,d3 is the 13C- and deuterium labeled. Famotidine (MK-208) is a competitive histamine H2-receptor antagonist. Its main pharmacodynamic effect is the inhibition of gastric secretion.

  • CAS Number: 2744683-81-4
  • MF: C713CH12D3N7O2S3
  • MW: 341.46
  • Catalog: Histamine Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

JMS-17-2

JMS-17-2 is a potent and selective CX3CR1 antagonist with an IC50 of 0.32 nM[1].

  • CAS Number: 1380392-05-1
  • MF: C25H26ClN3O
  • MW: 419.95
  • Catalog: CXCR
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 603.8±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 319.0±31.5 °C

Deslorelin

Deslorelin is a GnRH agonist. Deslorelin implants can be used as an alternative to dopamine agonists to induce fertil eoestrus in the bitch in anoestrus. The deslorelin implant can be used successfully in the queen for oestrus inhibition. Deslorelin acetate did not significantly affect the spontaneous contraction amplitude but caused a decrease in the frequency in the dorsal and ventral parts of the bladder.

  • CAS Number: 57773-65-6
  • MF: C64H83N17O12
  • MW: 1282.450
  • Catalog: Peptides
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 1783.4ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 1032.4ºC

Exendin (5-39)

Exendin (5-39) is a potent glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor antagonist. Exendin (5-39) improves memory impairment in β-amyloid protein-treated rats[1].

  • CAS Number: 196109-27-0
  • MF: C169H262N44O54S
  • MW: 3806.30
  • Catalog: Glucagon Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Angiotensin I/II (5-8)

Angiotensin II (5-8), human is an endogenous C-terminal fragment of the peptide vasoconstrictor angiotensin II[1]. Angiotensin II binds the AT II type 1 (AT1) receptor, stimulating GPCRs in vascular smooth muscle cells and increasing intracellular Ca2+ levels. Angiotensin II also acts at the Na+/H+ exchanger in the proximal tubules of the kidney[2][3].

  • CAS Number: 34233-50-6
  • MF: C26H36N6O5
  • MW: 512.60
  • Catalog: Angiotensin Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A