Cell Cycle includes many processes necessary for successful self-replication, and consists of DNA synthesis (S) and mitosis (M) phases separated by gap phases in the order G1–S–G2–M. S phase and M phase are usually separated by gap phases called G1 and G2, when cell-cycle progression can be regulated by various intracellular and extracellular signals. In order to move from one phase of its life cycle to the next, a cell must pass through numerous checkpoints. At each checkpoint, specialized proteins determine whether the necessary conditions exist. Progression through G1 phase is controlled by pRB proteins, and phosphorylation of pRB proteins by CDKs releases E2F factors, promoting the transition to S phase. The G2/M transition that commits cells to division is a default consequence of initiating the cell cycle at the G1/S transition, many proteins, such Wee1, PLK1 and cdc25, is involved the regulation of this process. The best-understood checkpoints are those activated by DNA damage and problems with DNA replication.

DNA damage response (DDR) is a series of regulatory events including DNA damage, cell-cycle arrest, regulation of DNA replication, and repair or bypass of DNA damage to ensure the maintenance of genomic stability and cell viability. Genome instability arises if cells initiate mitosis when chromosomes are only partially replicated or are damaged by a double-strand DNA break (DSB). To prevent cells with damaged DNA from entering mitosis, ATR inhibits cyclin B/Cdk1 activation by stimulating the Cdk1 inhibitory kinase Wee1 and inhibiting Cdc25C via Chk1, besides, ATM and ATR also initiate DNA repair by phosphorylating several other substrates.

In cancer cells, the cell cycle regulators as well as other elements of the DDR pathway have been found to protect tumor cells from different stresses and to promote tumor progression. Thus, cell cycle proteins that directly regulate cell cycle progression (such as CDKs), as well as checkpoint kinases, Aurora kinases and PLKs, are promising targets in cancer therapy.

References:
[1] Rhind N, et al. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2012 Oct; 4(10): a005942.
[2] Duronio RJ, et al. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2013 Mar; 5(3): a008904.
[3] Liu W, et al. Mol Cancer. 2017 Mar 14;16(1):60.
[4] Ghelli Luserna di Rora' A, et al. J Hematol Oncol. 2017 Mar 29;10(1):77.


Anti-infection >
Arenavirus Bacterial CMV Enterovirus Filovirus Fungal HBV HCV HIV HSV Influenza Virus Parasite Reverse Transcriptase RSV SARS-CoV
Antibody-drug Conjugate >
ADC Cytotoxin ADC Linker Drug-Linker Conjugates for ADC PROTAC-linker Conjugate for PAC
Apoptosis >
Apoptosis Bcl-2 Family c-Myc Caspase DAPK Ferroptosis IAP MDM-2/p53 PKD RIP kinase Survivin Thymidylate Synthase TNF Receptor
Autophagy >
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Antifolate APC ATM/ATR Aurora Kinase Casein Kinase CDK Checkpoint Kinase (Chk) CRISPR/Cas9 Deubiquitinase DNA Alkylator/Crosslinker DNA-PK DNA/RNA Synthesis Eukaryotic Initiation Factor (eIF) G-quadruplex Haspin Kinase HDAC HSP IRE1 Kinesin LIM Kinase (LIMK) Microtubule/Tubulin Mps1 Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog p97 PAK PARP PERK Polo-like Kinase (PLK) PPAR RAD51 ROCK Sirtuin SRPK Telomerase TOPK Topoisomerase Wee1
Cytoskeleton >
Arp2/3 Complex Dynamin Gap Junction Protein Integrin Kinesin Microtubule/Tubulin Mps1 Myosin PAK
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ERK JNK KLF MAP3K MAP4K MAPKAPK2 (MK2) MEK Mixed Lineage Kinase MNK p38 MAPK Raf Ribosomal S6 Kinase (RSK)
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ATP Synthase BCRP Calcium Channel CFTR Chloride Channel CRAC Channel CRM1 EAAT2 GABA Receptor GlyT HCN Channel iGluR Monoamine Transporter Monocarboxylate Transporter Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger Na+/HCO3- Cotransporter Na+/K+ ATPase nAChR NKCC P-glycoprotein P2X Receptor Potassium Channel Proton Pump SGLT Sodium Channel TRP Channel URAT1
Metabolic Enzyme/Protease >
15-PGDH 5 alpha Reductase 5-Lipoxygenase Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Acyltransferase Adenosine Deaminase Adenosine Kinase Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Aldose Reductase Aminopeptidase Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) ATGL ATP Citrate Lyase Carbonic Anhydrase Carboxypeptidase Cathepsin CETP COMT Cytochrome P450 Dipeptidyl Peptidase Dopamine β-hydroxylase E1/E2/E3 Enzyme Elastase Enolase FAAH FABP Factor Xa Farnesyl Transferase Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) FXR Glucokinase GSNOR Gutathione S-transferase HCV Protease Hexokinase HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase HIV Integrase HIV Protease HMG-CoA Reductase (HMGCR) HSP Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) Lactate Dehydrogenase LXR MAGL Mineralocorticoid Receptor Mitochondrial Metabolism MMP Nampt NEDD8-activating Enzyme Neprilysin PAI-1 PDHK PGC-1α Phosphatase Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Phospholipase Procollagen C Proteinase Proteasome Pyruvate Kinase RAR/RXR Renin ROR Ser/Thr Protease SGK Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) Thrombin Tryptophan Hydroxylase Tyrosinase Xanthine Oxidase
Neuronal Signaling >
5-HT Receptor AChE Adenosine Kinase Amyloid-β Beta-secretase CaMK CGRP Receptor COMT Dopamine Receptor Dopamine Transporter FAAH GABA Receptor GlyT iGluR Imidazoline Receptor mAChR Melatonin Receptor Monoamine Oxidase nAChR Neurokinin Receptor Opioid Receptor Serotonin Transporter γ-secretase
NF-κB >
NF-κB IKK Keap1-Nrf2 MALT1
PI3K/Akt/mTOR >
Akt AMPK ATM/ATR DNA-PK GSK-3 MELK mTOR PDK-1 PI3K PI4K PIKfyve PTEN
PROTAC >
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Protein Tyrosine Kinase/RTK >
Ack1 ALK Bcr-Abl BMX Kinase Btk c-Fms c-Kit c-Met/HGFR Discoidin Domain Receptor DYRK EGFR Ephrin Receptor FAK FGFR FLT3 IGF-1R Insulin Receptor IRAK Itk PDGFR PKA Pyk2 ROS Src Syk TAM Receptor Trk Receptor VEGFR
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Casein Kinase ERK Gli GSK-3 Hedgehog Hippo (MST) JAK Notch Oct3/4 PKA Porcupine ROCK sFRP-1 Smo STAT TGF-beta/Smad Wnt YAP β-catenin γ-secretase
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Vitamin D Related >
VD/VDR
Others >
Androgen Receptor Aromatase Estrogen Receptor/ERR Progesterone Receptor Thyroid Hormone Receptor Others

GNE-371

GNE-371 is a potent and selective chemical probe for the second bromodomains of human transcription-initiation-factor TFIID subunit 1 and transcription-initiation-factor TFIID subunit 1-like, with an IC50 of 10 nM for TAF1(2).

  • CAS Number: 1926986-36-8
  • MF: C24H25N5O3
  • MW: 431.49
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Vat-Cit-PAB-Monomethyl Dolastatin 10

Vat-Cit-PAB-Monomethyl Dolastatin 10 is a drug-linker conjugate for ADC with potent antitumor activity by using Monomethyl Dolastatin 10 (a potent tubulin inhibitor), linked via the ADC linker Vat-Cit-PAB.

  • CAS Number: 1415329-13-3
  • MF: C60H93N11O11S
  • MW: 1176.512
  • Catalog: Microtubule/Tubulin
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 1237.2±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 702.0±34.3 °C

Trimidox

Trimidox (VF-233) is a ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor with antileukemic activities. Trimidox inhibits the growth of human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells with an IC50 of 35 μM[1].

  • CAS Number: 95933-74-7
  • MF: C7H8N2O4
  • MW: 184.15
  • Catalog: DNA/RNA Synthesis
  • Density: 1.7±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 480.7±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 244.5±31.5 °C

Pralatrexate

Pralatrexate(Folotyn) is an antifolate, and structurally a folate analog. Its IC50 is < 300 nM in some cell lines.IC50 Value: < 300 nMTarget: AntifolatePralatrexate is an antifolate (a folate analogue metabolic inhibitor) designed to accumulate preferentially in cancer cells. Based on preclinical studies, researchers believe that Pralatrexate selectively enters cells expressing reduced folate carrier type 1 (RFC-1), a protein that is overexpressed on certain cancer cells compared to normal cells.

  • CAS Number: 146464-95-1
  • MF: C23H23N7O5
  • MW: 477.473
  • Catalog: Antifolate
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 215 °C(dec.)
  • Flash Point: N/A

HDAC-IN-59

HDAC-IN-59 (compound 13a) is a potent histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. HDAC-IN-59 can promote the intracellular generation of ROS, cause DNA damage, block the cell cycle at G2/M phase, and activate the mitochondria-related apoptotic pathway to induce cell apoptosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 2944459-43-0
  • MF: C20H25NO7
  • MW: 391.42
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

PARP1-IN-10

PARP1-IN-10 (compound 12c) is a no-cytotoxicity and potent PARP1 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 50.62 nM in vitro. PARP1-IN-10 causes cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and apoptosis, and enhances the cytotoxicity of temozolomide (TMZ) [1].

  • CAS Number: 2494001-21-5
  • MF: C20H23N3O5
  • MW: 385.41
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

n6-methyl-2'-deoxy-adenosine

N-6-Methyl-2-deoxyadenosine is an adenine nucleoside analogue. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].

  • CAS Number: 2002-35-9
  • MF: C11H15N5O3
  • MW: 265.27
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: 1.72g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 603.6ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 318.8ºC

HDAC6-IN-11

HDAC6-IN-11 (Compound 9) is a selective HDAC6 inhibitor with the IC50 value of 20.7 nM. HDAC6-IN-11 has more than 300-fold selectivity over HDAC other isoforms. HDAC6-IN-11 shows anti-proliferative activities against cancer cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 2409072-27-9
  • MF: C19H16N2O4
  • MW: 336.34
  • Catalog: HDAC
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

PAK4-IN-2

PAK4-IN-2 is a highly potent PAK4 inhibitor with IC50 value of 2.7 nM. PAK4-IN-2 can arrest MV4-11 cells at G0/G1 phase and induce cell apoptosis. PAK4-IN-2 can be used for researching cancer[1].

  • CAS Number: 2488706-33-6
  • MF: C18H21ClN6
  • MW: 356.85
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Methyl 2-deoxy-3,5-di-O-benzoyl-2-fluoro-4-thio-D-arabinopentofuranoside

Methyl 2-deoxy-3,5-di-O-benzoyl-2-fluoro-4-thio-D-arabinopentofuranoside is a ribofuranose nucleoside analogue.

  • CAS Number: 221552-92-7
  • MF: C20H19FO5S
  • MW: 390.43
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

NH2-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-7-MAD-MDCPT

NH2-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-7-MAD-MDCPT (compound I) is a topoisomerase I inhibitor, which can be delivered to cells through conjugated antibody targeting, and has good ADC activity in vivo and in vitro[1].

  • CAS Number: 2857037-69-3
  • MF: C26H23N3O6
  • MW: 473.48
  • Catalog: ADC Cytotoxin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Emofolin sodium

Ketotrexate sodium is an orally active antifolate and immunosuppressant. Ketotrexate sodium has good anti-inflammatory activity and is widely used in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Ketotrexate sodium is used in research into cancer and autoimmune diseases[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 52386-42-2
  • MF: C21H27N7O6
  • MW: 473.48200
  • Catalog: Antifolate
  • Density: 1.58g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

4’-C-Methyl-2-thiouridine

4’-C-Methyl-2-thiouridine is a purine nucleoside analogue. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].

  • CAS Number: 2305415-74-9
  • MF: C10H14N2O5S
  • MW: 274.29
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

MPT0B014

MPT0B014 is a tubulin polymerization inhibitor. MPT0B014 induces cancer cell apoptosis. MPT0B014 can be used for the research of cancer[1].

  • CAS Number: 1215208-59-5
  • MF: C19H17NO4
  • MW: 323.343
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 513.5±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 264.4±30.1 °C

LFM-A13

LFM-A13 is a potent BTK, JAK2, PLK inhibitor, inhibits recombinant BTK, Plx1 and PLK3 with IC50s of 2.5 μM, 10 μM and 61 μM. LFM-A13 has antiproliferative activity and anticancer activity. LFM-A13 can be used in cancer-related research[1][3][4]

  • CAS Number: 62004-35-7
  • MF: C11H8Br2N2O2
  • MW: 360.00
  • Catalog: Polo-like Kinase (PLK)
  • Density: 1.9±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 487.9±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 248.9±28.7 °C

3’-Azido-3’-deoxy-beta-L-cytidine

3’-Azido-3’-deoxy-beta-L-cytidine is a purine nucleoside analogue. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].

  • CAS Number: 2095417-59-5
  • MF:
  • MW:
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Indirubin-3'-monoxime-5-sulphonic acid

Indirubin-3'-monoxime-5-sulphonic acid is a potent and selective inhibitor of CDK1, CDK5, and GSK-3β with IC50s of 5 nM, 7 nM, and 80 nM, respectively[1].

  • CAS Number: 331467-05-1
  • MF: C16H11N3O5S
  • MW: 357.34
  • Catalog: CDK
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

TG693

TG693 is an orally active inhibitor of CLK1. TG693 regulates the mutated exon 31 of the dystrophin gene in vivo. TG693 is used in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) research[1].

  • CAS Number: 885272-55-9
  • MF: C12H9N3
  • MW: 195.22
  • Catalog: CDK
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

USP7-IN-6

USP7-IN-6 is a potent ubiquitin specific protease 7 (USP7) inhibitor, extracted from patent WO2017212010A1, example 25, has an IC50 of 6.8 nM[1].

  • CAS Number: 2166586-47-4
  • MF: C41H43N7O4S
  • MW: 729.89
  • Catalog: Deubiquitinase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Ac-dA Phosphoramidite

Ac-dA Phosphoramidite is a phosphinamide monomer that can be used in the preparation of oligonucleotides.

  • CAS Number: 1027734-01-5
  • MF: C42H50N7O7P
  • MW: 795.86
  • Catalog: DNA/RNA Synthesis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

m7GpppCmpG

m7GpppCmpG, an oligonucleotide, is an M7GpppNpG trinucleotide cap analogue. m7GpppCmpG can be used as a chemical tool enabling manufacturing of RNA featuring either cap 0 or cap 1 structures[1].

  • CAS Number: 2089461-56-1
  • MF: C31H43N13O25P4
  • MW: 1121.64
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

PPARγ agonist 8

PPARγ agonist 8 is an agonist of PPARγ. PPARγ agonist 8 induces peroxisome proliferator response element (PPRE)-luciferase activity with an EC50 of 0.2 μM[1].

  • CAS Number: 1049800-41-0
  • MF: C19H12F4O2S
  • MW: 380.36
  • Catalog: PPAR
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Sabarubicin

Sabarubicin is a doxorubicin disaccharide analogue with striking antitumor activity. Sabarubicin is more effective than doxorubicin as a topoisomerase II poison and stimulated DNA fragmentation at lower intracellular concentrations.

  • CAS Number: 211100-13-9
  • MF: C32H37NO13
  • MW: 643.63500
  • Catalog: Topoisomerase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Tubulin polymerization-IN-20

Tubulin polymerization-IN-20 (compound 11) is a potent inhibitor of tubulin polymerization. Tubulin polymerization-IN-20 has the potential for the research of breast cancers and chemoresistant colon cancers[1].

  • CAS Number: 2410619-45-1
  • MF: C25H24FNO5
  • MW: 437.46
  • Catalog: Microtubule/Tubulin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

3’-Deoxy-3’-fluoro-beta-D-xylo-inosine

3’-Deoxy-3’-fluoro-beta-D-xylo-inosine is a purine nucleoside analog. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].

  • CAS Number: 171667-46-2
  • MF: C10H11FN4O4
  • MW: 270.22
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

2’-Deoxy-2’-fluoro-N3-(n-dodecyl)-beta-D-arabinouridine

2’-Deoxy-2’-fluoro-N3-(n-dodecyl)-beta-D-arabinouridine is a uridine analogue. Uridine has potential antiepileptic effects, and its analogs can be used to study anticonvulsant and anxiolytic activities, as well as to develop new antihypertensive agents[1].

  • CAS Number: 2072145-43-6
  • MF: C21H35FN2O5
  • MW: 414.51
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

CeMMEC13

CeMMEC13 is a potent inhibitor of TAF1 (2) bromodomain, with an IC50 of 2.1 μM.

  • CAS Number: 1790895-25-8
  • MF: C19H16N2O4
  • MW: 336.341
  • Catalog: DNA/RNA Synthesis
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 541.4±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 281.2±30.1 °C

SIRT2-IN-11

SIRT2-IN-11 (AEM1) is a selective SIRT2 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 18.5 μM. SIRT2-IN-11 p53-dependently induces apoptosis, activates expression of CDKN1A, PUMA and NOXA, and increases acetylation of p53. SIRT2-IN-11 can be used for the research of p53-related cancers[1].

  • CAS Number: 1005095-06-6
  • MF: C21H22N2O
  • MW: 318.4
  • Catalog: Sirtuin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

albomycin

Albomycin is an inhibitor of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases with Trojan-horse effect. Albomycin is delivered by iron-chelator portion into bacterial through ferrichrome-specific transporter system. Albomycin combats against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Albomycin also serves as an efficient iron-scavenger of producer[1].

  • CAS Number: 1414-39-7
  • MF: C36H58FeN10O18S
  • MW: 1006.81000
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Combretastatin A4

Combretastatin A4 is a microtubule-targeting agent that binds β-tubulin with Kd of 0.4 μM.

  • CAS Number: 117048-59-6
  • MF: C18H20O5
  • MW: 316.348
  • Catalog: Microtubule/Tubulin
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 490.3±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 84.5-85.5ºC
  • Flash Point: 250.3±28.7 °C