Cell apoptosis, sometimes called programmed cell death, is a cellular self-destruction method to remove old and damaged cells during development and aging to protect cells from external disturbances and maintain homeostasis. Apoptosis also occurs as a defense mechanism such as in immune reactions or when cells are damaged by disease or noxious agents.

Apoptosis is controlled by many genes and involves two fundamental pathways: the extrinsic pathway, which transmits death signals by the death receptor (DR), and the intrinsic or mitochondrial pathway. The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is activated by the binding of the death ligand to DRs, including FasL, TNF-α, and TRAIL, on the plasma membrane. The DR, adaptor protein (FADD), and associated apoptosis signaling molecule (caspase-8) form the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), thus leading to the activation of the effector caspase cascade (caspase-3, -6, and -7). The mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis pathway is regulated by Bcl-2 family proteins, including proapoptotic (Bid, Bax, Bak) and antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL).

Abnormalities in cell apoptosis can be a significant component of diseases such as cancer, autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, AIDS, ischemia, and neurode-generative diseases. These diseases may benefit from artificially inhibiting or activating apoptosis. A short list of potential methods of anti-apoptotic therapy includes stimulation of the IAP (inhibitors of apoptosis proteins) family of proteins, caspase inhibition, PARP (poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase) inhibition, stimulation of the PKB/Akt (protein kinase B) pathway, and inhibition of Bcl-2 proteins.

Ferroptosis and necroptosis are recently recognized forms of regulated cell death that differs considerably from apoptosis. Misregulated ferroptosis or necroptosis have also been implicated in multiple physiological and pathological processes, including cancer cell death, neurotoxicity, neurodegenerative diseases, etc.

References:
[1] Susan Elmore. Toxicol Pathol. 2007; 35(4): 495–516.
[2] Cao L, et al. J Cell Death. 2016 Dec 29;9:19-29.
[3] Dasgupta A, et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Jan; 18(1): 23.
[4] Xie Y, et al. Cell Death Differ. 2016 Mar;23(3):369-79.


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Flurbiprofen-13C,d3

Flurbiprofen-13C,d3 is the 13C- and deuterium labeled. Flurbiprofen (dl-Flurbiprofen) is a potent, orally active nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAIA/NSAID), with antipyretic and analgesic activities. Flurbiprofen is commonly used for the research of inflammatory diseases, including osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Flurbiprofen is a non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor that can be used for the research of colorectal cancer[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 2747917-55-9
  • MF: C1413CH10D3FO2
  • MW: 248.27
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Piperazine Erastin

Piperazine erastin is an analog of erastin which induces an iron-dependent form of non-apoptotic cell death, termed ferroptosis.

  • CAS Number: 1538593-71-3
  • MF: C35H41ClN6O4
  • MW: 645.19
  • Catalog: Ferroptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Sappanchalcone

Sappanchalcone, a flavonoid isolated from Caesalpinia sappan L., induces caspase-dependent and AIF-dependent apoptosis in human colon cancer cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 94344-54-4
  • MF: C16H14O5
  • MW: 286.279
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 581.7±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 221.0±23.6 °C

Biotinyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-aldehyde (pseudo acid)

Biotin-DEVD-CHO can be used for affinity labeling of Caspase-8 following in vitro caspase cleavage[1].

  • CAS Number: 178603-73-1
  • MF: C28H42N6O12S
  • MW: 686.73100
  • Catalog: Caspase
  • Density: 1.367 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 1208.6ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 684.7ºC

Anticancer agent 42

Anticancer agent 42 (compound 10d) is an orally active anticancer agent, and shows a potent antitumor activity against MDA-MB-231 cell with an IC50 of 0.07 μM. Anticancer agent 42 can exert its anticancer activity by activating apoptotic pathway and p53 expression. Anticancer agent 42 can be used to study metastatic breast cancer[1].

  • CAS Number: 2687265-18-3
  • MF: C19H16Cl2N2O3
  • MW: 391.25
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

1,6,7-Trihydroxy-9H-xanthen-9-one

1,6,7-Trihydroxyxanthone is a potent anticancer agent. 1,6,7-Trihydroxyxanthone inhibits cell proliferation and induces cell Apoptosis. 1,6,7-Trihydroxyxanthone decreases Bmi-1 expressio and increases the protein levels expression of P14, P16[1].

  • CAS Number: 25577-04-2
  • MF: C13H8O5
  • MW: 244.20
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.6±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 509.2±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 204.8±23.6 °C

NBI-961

NBI-961 is a potent NEK2 inhibitor that inhibits proteasomal degradation. NBI-961 induces G2/mitosis arrest and apoptosis in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 2225902-98-5
  • MF: C28H27F3N6O2S
  • MW: 568.61
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Apocynin-d3

Apocynin-d3 is the deuterium labeled Apocynin[1]. Apocynin is a selective NADPH-oxidase inhibitor with an IC50 of 10 μM[2][3][4].

  • CAS Number: 80404-23-5
  • MF: C9H10O3
  • MW: 166.17400
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

KEA1-97

KEA1-97 (KEA 1-97) is a small molecule that disrupts the interaction of thioredoxin with caspase 3; activates caspases, and induces apoptosis without affecting thioredoxin activity, impairs triple-negative breast cancer cell survival; impairs in vivo breast tumor xenograft growth.

  • CAS Number: 2138882-71-8
  • MF: C15H9Cl2FN4
  • MW: 335.163
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

(11aS)-7-Methoxy-8-hydroxy-2,3,5,11aβ-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine-5-one

Antibiotic DC 81 (DC 81), an antitumor antibiotic produced by Streptomyces species, is a PBD (pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine). Antibiotic DC 81 is potent inhibitor of nucleic acid synthesis. Antibiotic DC 81 can recognize and bind to specific sequences of DNA and form a labile covalent adduct[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 81307-24-6
  • MF: C13H14N2O3
  • MW: 246.26200
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.43g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 520.5ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 268.6ºC

Mcl1-IN-11

Mcl1-IN-11 (Compound G) is a selective Mcl-1 inhibitor, less potent at Bcl-2, with Kis of 0.06 and 4.2 μM, respectively[1].

  • CAS Number: 2042211-13-0
  • MF: C38H41N3O5S2
  • MW: 683.88
  • Catalog: Bcl-2 Family
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Rhaponiticin

Rhapontin (Rhaponiticin), a component of rhubarb (Rheum officinale Baillon), induces apoptosis resulting in suppression of proliferation of human stomach cancer KATO III cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 155-58-8
  • MF: C21H24O9
  • MW: 420.410
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 749.3±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 236-240ºC
  • Flash Point: 406.9±32.9 °C

Bcl-2-IN-13

Bcl-2-IN-13 is a Bcl-2 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 17 nM. Bcl-2-IN-13 can be used in cancer research[1].

  • CAS Number: 1421687-31-1
  • MF: C42H44ClN7O6S3
  • MW: 874.49
  • Catalog: Bcl-2 Family
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

D-Mannitol-13C

D-Mannitol-13C is the 13C labeled D-Mannitol[1][2][3][4].

  • CAS Number: 132202-29-0
  • MF: C6H14O6
  • MW: 183.16400
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 167-170ºC(lit.)
  • Flash Point: N/A

FGFR-IN-8

FGFR-IN-8 (Compound 17a) is a highly potent and orally active panFGFR inhibitor against wild-type and mutant FGFRs. FGFR-IN-8 shows inhibition with IC50 values of <0.5, 189.1, <0.5, 22.6, <0.5 and 7.30 nM against FGFR1, V564F-FGFR2, N549H-FGFR2, V555M-FGFR3, FGFR3 and FGFR4, respectively. GFR-IN-8 induces cancer cell apoptosis and shows anticancer activities[1].

  • CAS Number: 2640217-64-5
  • MF: C27H31Cl2N9O2
  • MW: 584.50
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Thalidomide D4

Thalidomide D4 is a deuterium labeled Thalidomide. Thalidomide is initially promoted as a sedative, inhibits cereblon (CRBN), a part of the cullin-4 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex CUL4-RBX1-DDB1, with a Kd of ~250 nM, and has immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic cancer properties[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1219177-18-0
  • MF: C13H6D4N2O4
  • MW: 262.25400
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

CDDO-3P-Im

CDDO-3P-Im is an analogue of CDDO-Imidazolide with chemopreventive effect. CDDO-3P-Im can reduce the size and the severity of the lung tumors in mouse lung cancer model [1].

  • CAS Number: 1883650-95-0
  • MF: C39H46N4O3
  • MW: 618.8
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Vincristine-d3-ester sulfate

Vincristine-d3-ester (Leurocristine-d3-ester) sulfate is the deuterium labeled Vincristine sulfate. Vincristine sulfate is an antitumor vinca alkaloid which inhibits microtubule formation in mitotic spindle, resulting in an arrest of dividing cells at the metaphase stage. It binds to microtubule with a Ki of 85 nM[1].

  • CAS Number: 1217854-24-4
  • MF: C46H55D3N4O14S
  • MW: 926.05
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

USP10 inhibitor Wu-5

USP10 inhibitor Wu-5 (Wu-5) is a novel small molecule USP10 inhibitor inducing the degradation of FLT3-mutated protein, directly interacts and inactivates USP10, the deubiquitinase for FLT3-ITD in vitro (IC50=8.3 uM) and in FLT3-ITD-positive AML cells.Wu-5 selectively inhibited the viability of FLT3 inhibitor-sensitive (MV4-11, Molm13) and -resistant (MV4-11R) FLT3-ITD-positive AML cells with IC50 of 3.794, 5.056, and 8.386 uM, respectively.Wu-5 (1-10 μM) dose-dependently induced apoptosis of MV4-11, Molm13, and MV4-11R cells through the proteasome-mediated degradation of FLT3-ITD.Combined treatment of Wu-5 and crenolanib produced synergistic cell death in FLT3-ITD-positive cells via the reduction of both FLT3 and AMPKα proteins.

  • CAS Number: 2630378-05-9
  • MF: C15H13NO7S
  • MW: 351.329
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Lepadin E

Lepadin E is a significantly cytotoxic ferroptosis inducer that induces iron death through the classical p53-SLC7A11-GPX4 pathway. Lepadin E promoted p53 expression, decreases SLC7A11 and GPX4 levels, and leads to increased ROS and lipid peroxide production, and upregulated ACSL4 expression, thus causes cell death. Lepadin E has significant antitumor effect[1].

  • CAS Number: 444914-19-6
  • MF: C26H47NO3
  • MW: 421.66
  • Catalog: Ferroptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Cerivastatin sodium

Cerivastatin sodium is a synthetic lipid-lowering agent and a highly potent, well-tolerated and orally active HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, with a Ki of 1.3 nM/L. Cerivastatin sodium reduces low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Cerivastatin sodium also inhibits proliferation and invasiveness of MDA-MB-231 cells, mainly by RhoA inhibition, and has anti-cancer effect[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 143201-11-0
  • MF: C26H33FNNaO5
  • MW: 459.55000
  • Catalog: Ferroptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 646.3ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 197-199ºC
  • Flash Point: 344.7ºC
  • CAS Number: 2235468-02-5
  • MF: C33H35Cl2N3O4
  • MW: 608.56
  • Catalog: Bcl-2 Family
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Paederosidic acid

Paederosidic acid is isolated from P. scandens with anticancer and anti‐inflammation activities. Paederosidic acid inhibits lung caner cells via inducing mitochondria-mediated apoptosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 18842-98-3
  • MF: C18H24O12S
  • MW: 464.441
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.7±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 748.1±70.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 406.2±35.7 °C

Ramipril-d3

Ramipril-d3 is the deuterium labeled Ramipril[1]. Ramipril (HOE-498) is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor with IC50 of 5 nM.

  • CAS Number: 2673269-81-1
  • MF: C23H29D3N2O5
  • MW: 419.53
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Tebufenozide

Tebufenozide is a nonsteroidal ecdysone agonist used to control pest. Tebufenozide has cytotoxic and induces apoptosis in HeLa and insect Tn5B1-4 cells[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 112410-23-8
  • MF: C22H28N2O2
  • MW: 352.470
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 191ºC
  • Flash Point: N/A

CFM-4

CFM-4 is a potent small molecular antagonist of CARP-1/APC-2 binding. CFM-4 prevents CARP-1 binding with APC-2, causes G2M cell cycle arrest, and induces apoptosis with an IC50 range of 10-15 μM. CFM-4 also suppresses growth of drug-resistant human breast cancer cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 331458-02-7
  • MF: C22H16ClN3OS
  • MW: 405.90
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Verminoside

Verminoside is an iridoid isolated from Kigelia africana, exhibits anti-inflammatory and remarkable antioxidant activity with a radical-scavenging activity of 2.5 μg/mL. The genotoxicity of Verminoside on human lymphocytes is associated with elevated levels of PARP-1 and p53 proteins[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 50932-19-9
  • MF: C24H28O13
  • MW: 492.473
  • Catalog: MDM-2/p53
  • Density: 1.6±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 739.1±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 253.2±26.4 °C

3,4,5-Trihydroxy(2H2)benzoic acid

Gallic acid-d2 is the deuterium labeled Gallic acid[1]. Gallic acid (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid) is a natural polyhydroxyphenolic compound and an free radical scavenger to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)[2]. Gallic acid has various activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticance activities[3].

  • CAS Number: 294660-92-7
  • MF: C7H4D2O5
  • MW: 172.132
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.7±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 501.1±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 271.0±26.6 °C

VBIT-3

VBIT-3 is an inhibitor of voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) oligomerization with a binding affinity (Kd) of 31.3 μM. VBIT-3, as an apoptosis inhibitor, can be used for therapeutic purposes in apoptosis-associated disorders, such as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases[1].

  • CAS Number: 2088463-66-3
  • MF: C21H19ClF3N3O3
  • MW: 453.84
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Glycyrrhetinic acid

18α-Glycyrrhetinic acid, a diet-derived compound, is an inhibitor of NF-kB and an activator of proteasome, which serves as pro-longevity and anti-aggregation factor in a multicellular organism. 18α-Glycyrrhetinic acid induces apoptosis[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1449-05-4
  • MF: C30H46O4
  • MW: 470.684
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 588.3±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 331-333°C
  • Flash Point: 323.7±26.6 °C