Cell apoptosis, sometimes called programmed cell death, is a cellular self-destruction method to remove old and damaged cells during development and aging to protect cells from external disturbances and maintain homeostasis. Apoptosis also occurs as a defense mechanism such as in immune reactions or when cells are damaged by disease or noxious agents.

Apoptosis is controlled by many genes and involves two fundamental pathways: the extrinsic pathway, which transmits death signals by the death receptor (DR), and the intrinsic or mitochondrial pathway. The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is activated by the binding of the death ligand to DRs, including FasL, TNF-α, and TRAIL, on the plasma membrane. The DR, adaptor protein (FADD), and associated apoptosis signaling molecule (caspase-8) form the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), thus leading to the activation of the effector caspase cascade (caspase-3, -6, and -7). The mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis pathway is regulated by Bcl-2 family proteins, including proapoptotic (Bid, Bax, Bak) and antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL).

Abnormalities in cell apoptosis can be a significant component of diseases such as cancer, autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, AIDS, ischemia, and neurode-generative diseases. These diseases may benefit from artificially inhibiting or activating apoptosis. A short list of potential methods of anti-apoptotic therapy includes stimulation of the IAP (inhibitors of apoptosis proteins) family of proteins, caspase inhibition, PARP (poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase) inhibition, stimulation of the PKB/Akt (protein kinase B) pathway, and inhibition of Bcl-2 proteins.

Ferroptosis and necroptosis are recently recognized forms of regulated cell death that differs considerably from apoptosis. Misregulated ferroptosis or necroptosis have also been implicated in multiple physiological and pathological processes, including cancer cell death, neurotoxicity, neurodegenerative diseases, etc.

References:
[1] Susan Elmore. Toxicol Pathol. 2007; 35(4): 495–516.
[2] Cao L, et al. J Cell Death. 2016 Dec 29;9:19-29.
[3] Dasgupta A, et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Jan; 18(1): 23.
[4] Xie Y, et al. Cell Death Differ. 2016 Mar;23(3):369-79.


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Tubulin polymerization-IN-9

Tubulin polymerization-IN-9 is a potent tubulin inhibitor with IC50 of 1.82 μM. Tubulin polymerization-IN-9 causes cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase, and induces cell apoptosis and depolarized mitochondria of K562 cells. Tubulin polymerization-IN-9 has potent anti-vascular and antitumor activities[1].

  • CAS Number: 2485020-93-5
  • MF: C19H19NO5Se
  • MW: 420.32
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

A-1210477

A-1210477 is a potent and selective inhibitor of MCL-1 with a Ki of 0.45 nM.

  • CAS Number: 1668553-26-1
  • MF: C46H55N7O7S
  • MW: 850.037
  • Catalog: Bcl-2 Family
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 1027.4±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 575.1±34.3 °C

HDAC3/6-IN-2

HDAC3/6-IN-2 (compound 15) is a potent HDAC6 and HDAC3 inhibitor, with IC50 values of 0.368 and 0.635 μM, respectively. HDAC3/6-IN-2 shows antitumor activity, and induces cancer cell apoptosis. HDAC3/6-IN-2 decreases the levels of HDAC6 and HDAC3, associated with upregulation of acetylated H3 and α-tubulin[1].

  • CAS Number: 2417510-17-7
  • MF: C49H67N5O6
  • MW: 822.09
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Apoptotic agent-3

Apoptotic agent-3 (compound 15f) promotes apoptosis through the potential mitochondria-mediated Bcl-2/Bax pathway and activation of the Caspase 3 pathway. Apoptotic agent-3 exhibits anti-proliferative activities and can be used for cancer research[1].

  • CAS Number: 2482310-23-4
  • MF: C31H21N5OS
  • MW: 511.60
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

UC-514321

UC-514321 is a more effective analog of NSC-370284 that directly binds to STAT3/5, significantly and selectively suppresses the viability of AML cells with high level of TET1 expression both in vitro and in vivo; shows no inhibitory effect on the viability of TET1-low AML (i.e., NB4) cells, function as TET1-transcription inhibitor in TET1-high AMLs and the anti-leukemic effects are TET1-dependent.

  • CAS Number: 299420-83-0
  • MF: C26H35NO5
  • MW: 441.568
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Angiotensin II human acetate

Angiotensin II human acetate (Angiotensin II acetate) is a vasoconstrictor that mainly acts on the AT1 receptor. Angiotensin II human acetate stimulates sympathetic nervous stimulation, increases aldosterone biosynthesis and renal actions. Angiotensin II human acetate induces growth of vascular smooth muscle cells, increases collagen type I and III synthesis in fibroblasts, leading to thickening of the vascular wall and myocardium, and fibrosis. Angiotensin II human acetate also induces apoptosis[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 68521-88-0
  • MF: C52H75N13O14
  • MW: 1106.23000
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Lovastatin-d3

Lovastatin-d3 is deuterium labeled Lovastatin. Lovastatin is a cell-permeable HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor used to lower cholesterol.

  • CAS Number: 1002345-93-8
  • MF: C24H33D3O5
  • MW: 407.56
  • Catalog: Ferroptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Isocurcumenol

Isocurcumenol, an estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) inhibitor isolated from Curcuma zedoaria Rhizomes, possesses anti-tumor acticity, with IC50 values of 99.1µg/mL and 178.2 µg/mL in DLA and KB cells, respectively[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 24063-71-6
  • MF: C15H22O2
  • MW: 234.334
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 351.0±42.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 142-143℃
  • Flash Point: 147.9±22.1 °C

PIPERMETHYSTINE

Pipermethystine is an alkaloid that can be isolated from the Kava plant. Pipermethystine decreases HepG2 cell cellular ATP levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, and induces apoptosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 71627-22-0
  • MF: C16H17NO4
  • MW: 287.31
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.23g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 459.9ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 231.9ºC

OD36 hydrochloride

OD36hydrochloride is a RIPK2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 5.3 nM. OD36 hydrochloride is a macrocyclic inhibitor with potent binding to the ALK2 kinase ATP pocket. OD36 hydrochloride shows ALK2-directed activity with KDs of 37 nM[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 2387510-88-3
  • MF: C16H16Cl2N4O2
  • MW: 367.23
  • Catalog: RIP kinase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Topoisomerase I inhibitor 5

Topoisomerase I inhibitor 5 is an effective topoisomerase inhibitor with IC50 value of. Topoisomerase I inhibitor 5 can interfere with DNA and significantly inhibit the activity of Topoisomerase I. Topoisomerase I inhibitor 5 can arrest cell cycle at the G1 phase and induce MCF-7 cells apoptosis. Topoisomerase I inhibitor 5 has potency in reversing P-gp-mediated resistance to Adriamycin[1].

  • CAS Number: 2513461-95-3
  • MF: C24H24N2O2
  • MW: 372.46
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Kauran-16,17-diol (ent-Kauran-16beta,17-diol)

Kauran-16,17-diol (ent-Kauran-16β,17-diol), a natural diterpene, posseses anti-tumor and inducing-apoptosis activity, with a IC50 of 17 μM on inhibiting NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 16836-31-0
  • MF: C20H34O2
  • MW: 306.48300
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.09g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 422.3ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 186.8ºC

AT-IAP

A potent, orally bioavailable, dual XIAP/cIAP1 inhibitor with EC50 of 5.1/0.32 nM, respectively; exhibits MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation inhibition with IC50 of 4.4 nM; decreases basal and TNF-α-induced cIAP-1 expression in CaP cells, switches TNF-α signaling from pro-survival to pro-apoptotic and increases radiation sensitivity of CaP cells in co-culture with THP-1 cells; shows in vivo efficacy in Balb/c scid mice bearing MDA-MB-231 xenografts.

  • CAS Number: 1403898-55-4
  • MF: C29H40FN5O2
  • MW: 509.659
  • Catalog: IAP
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 678.3±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 364.0±31.5 °C

Etidronate disodium

Etidronic acid (Etidronate) disodium is an orally and intravenously active bisphosphonate. Etidronic acid disodium inhibits resorption of bone, reduces arterial calcification and can be used for osteoporosis research. Etidronic acid disodium has anticancer activity. Etidronic acid disodium is a chelating agent and can be used to remove heavy metal in water[1][2][3][4].

  • CAS Number: 7414-83-7
  • MF: C2H6Na2O7P2
  • MW: 249.992
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 578.8ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: > 300ºC
  • Flash Point: 303.8ºC

Quercetin

Quercetin is a natural flavonoid which activates or inhibits the activities of a number of proteins. Quercetin can activate SIRT1 and inhibit PI3K with IC50s of 2.4 μM, 3.0 μM, 5.4 μM for PI3K γ, PI3K δ and PI3K β, respecti

  • CAS Number: 117-39-5
  • MF: C15H10O7
  • MW: 302.236
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.8±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 642.4±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 314-317°C
  • Flash Point: 248.1±25.0 °C

Bim BH3

Bim BH3 is a biological active peptide. (This Bim peptide belongs to the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family of proteins.)

  • CAS Number: 505070-06-4
  • MF: C108H170N32O31S
  • MW: 2444.77
  • Catalog: Bcl-2 Family
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

(15S,16E)-16,17,20,21-Tetradehydro-16-formyl-18,19-secoyohimban-19-oic acid methyl ester

Vallesiachotamine, a known monoterpene indole alkaloid, possesses anti-tumor activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 5523-37-5
  • MF: C21H22N2O3
  • MW: 350.41
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

taurodeoxycholic acid

Taurodeoxycholic acid, a bile acid, stabilizes the mitochondrial membrane, decreases free radical formation. Taurodeoxycholic acid inhibits apoptosis by blocking a calcium-mediated apoptotic pathway as well as caspase-12 activation. Taurodeoxycholic acid exhibits neuroprotective effect in 3-nitropropionic acid induced mouse model or genetic mouse model of Huntington's disease (HD)[1][2][3][4].

  • CAS Number: 516-50-7
  • MF: C26H45NO6S
  • MW: 499.70400
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

AGN194204

AGN194204 (IRX4204) is an orally active and selective RXR agonist with Kd values 0.4 nM, 3.6 nM and 3.8 nM and EC50s of 0.2 nM, 0.8 nM and 0.08 nM for RXRα, RXRβ and RXRγ, respectively. AGN194204 is inactive against RAR. AGN194204 has anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic actions[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 220619-73-8
  • MF: C24H32O2
  • MW: 352.51000
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Chloropyramine

Chloropyramine is competitive reversible H1 receptor antagonist. Chloropyramine also has anti-tumour activity in breast cancer. Chloropyramine can be used for the research of allergic conditions, such as conjunctivitis and bronchial asthma[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 59-32-5
  • MF: C16H20ClN3
  • MW: 289.80300
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.158g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 413.5ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 25°C
  • Flash Point: 203.9ºC

Pimpinellin

Pimpinellin is a constituent of Cyrtomium fortumei (J.). Pimpinellin inhibits the growth of tumor cells via the induction of tumor cell apoptosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 131-12-4
  • MF: C13H10O5
  • MW: 246.215
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 441.0±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 119°
  • Flash Point: 220.5±28.7 °C

Taraxerol

Taraxerol is isolated from Abroma augusta L, and has anti-inflammtory and anti-cancer effects. Taraxerol attenuates acute inlammation through inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway. Taraxerol induces cell apoptosis[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 127-22-0
  • MF: C30H50O
  • MW: 426.717
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.0±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 490.7±44.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 282-285°
  • Flash Point: 217.7±20.7 °C

(2S)-2-amino-5-[[(2R)-1-(hydroxycarbonylmethylamino)-1-oxo-3-sulfanylpropan-2-yl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid

L-Glutathione reduced-13C2,15N (GSH-13C2,15N) is the 13C- and 15N-labeled L-Glutathione reduced. L-Glutathione reduced (GSH) is an endogenous antioxidant and is capable of scavenging oxygen-derived free radicals.

  • CAS Number: 815610-65-2
  • MF: C10H17N3O6S
  • MW: 310.30200
  • Catalog: Ferroptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 200-202ºC (dec.)
  • Flash Point: N/A

Mcl1-IN-1

Mcl1-IN-1 is an inhibitor of myeloid cell factor 1 (Mcl-1) (IC50=2.4 µM).

  • CAS Number: 713492-66-1
  • MF: C23H18ClN3O4
  • MW: 435.860
  • Catalog: Bcl-2 Family
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 681.6±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 366.0±31.5 °C

Lithocholic Acid-d4

Lithocholic acid-d4 (3α-Hydroxy-5β-cholanic acid-d4) is the deuterium labeled Lithocholic acid, which is a toxic secondary bile acid[1].

  • CAS Number: 83701-16-0
  • MF: C24H36D4O3
  • MW: 380.59700
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.085 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 510.992ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 184-186ºC(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 276.926ºC

Metoprolol-d5

Metoprolol-d5 is the deuterium labeled Metoprolol[1]. Metoprolol is an orally active, selective β1-adrenoceptor antagonist. Metoprolol shows anti-inflammation, antitumor and anti-angiogenic properties[2][3][4].

  • CAS Number: 959786-79-9
  • MF: C15H20D5NO3
  • MW: 272.39
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

PROTAC ERα Degrader-4

PROTAC ERα Degrader-4 is a highly potent and selectivePROTAC ERα degrader (Ki: 5.08 μM). PROTAC ERα Degrader-4 contains OBHSAs, linker and E3 ligase ligands. PROTAC ERα Degrader-4 shows excellent cell inhibitory and ERα degradation activity against Tamoxifen-sensitive and -resistant ER+ breast cancer (BC) cells and ERα-mutated BC cells. PROTAC ERα Degrader-4 can induce apoptosis and can be used for cancer research.

  • CAS Number: 2521299-80-7
  • MF: C55H62F3N5O10S2
  • MW: 1074.23
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Echitamine chloride

Echitamine chloride is the major monoterpene indole alkaloid present in Alstonia with potent anti-tumour activity. Echitamine chloride induces DNA fragmentation and cells apoptosis. Echitamine chloride inhibits pancreatic lipase with an IC50 of 10.92 µM[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 6878-36-0
  • MF: C22H29ClN2O4
  • MW: 385.47700
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

PSB 0474

PSB 0474 (3-phenacyl-UDP) is a selective and potent P2Y6 receptor agonist with an EC50 of 70 nM[1]. PSB 0474 inhibits cell proliferation, increases NO release in astrocytes and microglia cells. PSB 0474 induces astrocytes apoptosis[2].

  • CAS Number: 917567-60-3
  • MF: C17H20N2O13P2
  • MW: 522.29
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

cis,trans-Germacrone

cis,trans-Germacrone is a isomer of Germacrone (HY-N0440). Germacrone exhibits a wide range of antitumor, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Germacrone inhibits lung cancer cell proliferation and alters the Akt/MDM2/p53. Germacrone also arrests cell cycle at G1/S phase[1].

  • CAS Number: 32663-51-7
  • MF: C15H22O
  • MW: 218.33500
  • Catalog: MDM-2/p53
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A