Cell apoptosis, sometimes called programmed cell death, is a cellular self-destruction method to remove old and damaged cells during development and aging to protect cells from external disturbances and maintain homeostasis. Apoptosis also occurs as a defense mechanism such as in immune reactions or when cells are damaged by disease or noxious agents.

Apoptosis is controlled by many genes and involves two fundamental pathways: the extrinsic pathway, which transmits death signals by the death receptor (DR), and the intrinsic or mitochondrial pathway. The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is activated by the binding of the death ligand to DRs, including FasL, TNF-α, and TRAIL, on the plasma membrane. The DR, adaptor protein (FADD), and associated apoptosis signaling molecule (caspase-8) form the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), thus leading to the activation of the effector caspase cascade (caspase-3, -6, and -7). The mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis pathway is regulated by Bcl-2 family proteins, including proapoptotic (Bid, Bax, Bak) and antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL).

Abnormalities in cell apoptosis can be a significant component of diseases such as cancer, autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, AIDS, ischemia, and neurode-generative diseases. These diseases may benefit from artificially inhibiting or activating apoptosis. A short list of potential methods of anti-apoptotic therapy includes stimulation of the IAP (inhibitors of apoptosis proteins) family of proteins, caspase inhibition, PARP (poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase) inhibition, stimulation of the PKB/Akt (protein kinase B) pathway, and inhibition of Bcl-2 proteins.

Ferroptosis and necroptosis are recently recognized forms of regulated cell death that differs considerably from apoptosis. Misregulated ferroptosis or necroptosis have also been implicated in multiple physiological and pathological processes, including cancer cell death, neurotoxicity, neurodegenerative diseases, etc.

References:
[1] Susan Elmore. Toxicol Pathol. 2007; 35(4): 495–516.
[2] Cao L, et al. J Cell Death. 2016 Dec 29;9:19-29.
[3] Dasgupta A, et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Jan; 18(1): 23.
[4] Xie Y, et al. Cell Death Differ. 2016 Mar;23(3):369-79.


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Cryptophycin 1

Cryptophycin 1 is a potent cytotoxic antimicrotubule agent which is isolated from Nostoc sp. Cryptophycin 1 can induce cells apoptosis, and exhibits antitumor activity and exceptional antiproliferative potency[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 124689-65-2
  • MF: C35H43ClN2O8
  • MW: 655.17800
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.171g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 889.4ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 491.7ºC

Gambogic Acid

Gambogic acid is derived from the gamboges resin of the tree Garcinia hanburyi. Gambogic acid inhibits Bcl-XL, Bcl-2, Bcl-W, Bcl-B, Bfl-1 and Mcl-1 with IC50s of 1.47 μM, 1.21 μM, 2.02 μM, 0.66 μM, 1.06 μM and 0.79 μM.

  • CAS Number: 2752-65-0
  • MF: C38H44O8
  • MW: 628.751
  • Catalog: Bcl-2 Family
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 808.9±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 88.5°C
  • Flash Point: 251.4±27.8 °C

L-Glutamic acid-13C5

L-Glutamic acid-13C5 is the 13C-labeled L-Glutamic acid. L-Glutamic acid acts as an excitatory transmitter and an agonist at all subtypes of glutamate receptors (metabotropic, kainate, NMDA, and AMPA). L-Glutamic acid shows a direct activating effect on the release of DA from dopaminergic terminals.

  • CAS Number: 55443-55-5
  • MF: 13C5H9NO4
  • MW: 152.09
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Estramustine phosphate

Estramustine phosphate, an estradiol analog, is an orally active antimicrotubule chemotherapy agent. Estramustine phosphate depolymerises microtubules by binding to microtubule associated proteins (MAPs) and/or to tubulin. Estramustine phosphate can interfere mitosis, trigger cell death and induce apoptosis, which can be used for the research of cancer like prostate cancer[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 4891-15-0
  • MF: C23H32Cl2NO6P
  • MW: 520.38300
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.4g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 661.2ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 353.7ºC

MC2625

MC2625 is a potent pyridine-containing histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. MC2625 show selective HDAC3 and HDAC6 inhibition with IC50s of 80 nM and 11 nM. MC2625 increases acetyl-H3 and acetyl-tubulin levels and inhibits cancer stem cells (CSCs) growth by apoptosis induction[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1776116-75-6
  • MF: C23H21N3O3
  • MW: 387.43
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

MY-673

MY-673 is a colchicine binding site inhibitor (CBSI), that inhibits tubulin polymerization. MY-673 inhibits the ERK signaling pathway, which in turn affects SMAD4 protein expression levels in the TGF-β/SMAD pathway. MY-673 inhibited cell proliferation, migration and induced apoptosis in vivo and in vitro[1].

  • CAS Number: 2944459-96-3
  • MF: C18H14N2O4
  • MW: 322.31
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Gypenoside LI

Gypenoside LI, a gypenoside monomer, possesses anti-tumor activity. Gypenoside LI induces cell apoptosis, cell cycle and migration[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 94987-10-7
  • MF: C42H72O14
  • MW: 801.01
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.33±0.1 g/cm3(Predicted)
  • Boiling Point: 912.3±65.0 °C(Predicted)
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Enterolactone

Enterolactone is a bioactive phenolic metabolite known as a mammalian lignan derived from dietary lignans. Enterolactone has estrogenic properties and anti-breast cancer activity[1]. Enterolactone is a radiosensitizer for human breast cancer cell lines through impaired DNA repair and increased apoptosis[2].

  • CAS Number: 78473-71-9
  • MF: C18H18O4
  • MW: 298.33
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 561.4±25.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 141-143°C (lit.)
  • Flash Point: 209.0±16.7 °C

MMRi64

MMRi64 is a small molecule inhibitor that disrupts Mdm2-MdmX RING-RING interaction interactions in vitro and activates p53 in cancer cells; potently induces downregulation of Mdm2 and MdmX in leukemia cells, only induces the expression of pro-apoptotic gene PUMA (p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis) with minimal induction of growth-arresting gene p21; selectively induces the apoptotic arm of the p53 pathway in leukemia/lymphoma cells; synergistically induces p53 and apoptosis in combination with Nutlin3a.

  • CAS Number: 430458-66-5
  • MF: C22H17Cl2N3O
  • MW: 410.298
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Mesaconitine

Mesaconitine is the main active component of genus aconitum plants.IC50 value:Target: in vitro: In HUVECs, 30 microM mesaconitine increased the [Ca(2+)](i) level in the presence of extracellular CaCl(2) and NaCl, and the response was inhibited by KBR7943. Mesaconitine increased intracellular Na(+) concentration level in HUVECs. The [Ca(2+)](i) response by mesaconitine was inhibited by 100 microM D-tubocurarine [1]. Mesaconitine at 30 microM inhibited 3 microM phenylephrine-induced contraction in the endothelium-intact, but not endothelium-denuded, aortic rings [2]. MA promoted the alpha-MT-induced decrease in NE levels in hippocampus, medulla oblongata plus pons and spinal cord [3].

  • CAS Number: 2752-64-9
  • MF: C33H45NO11
  • MW: 631.711
  • Catalog: TNF Receptor
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 695.0±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 374.1±31.5 °C

CWI1-2 hydrochloride

CWI1-2 hydrochloride is an IGF2BP2 inhibitor that binds IGF2BP2 and inhibits its interaction with m6A-modified target transcripts, induces apoptosis and differentiation, and shows promising anti-leukemic effects[1].

  • CAS Number: 2408590-37-2
  • MF: C22H18Cl4N6O3
  • MW: 556.23
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Ent-kaurene

ent-Kaurene, a diterpenoid, can induce ROS accumulation by targeting antioxidant proteins and depleting GSH, which can induce apoptosis and ferroptosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 562-28-7
  • MF: C20H32
  • MW: 272.46800
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Thymidine 3',5'-diphosphate tetrasodium

Thymidine 3',5'-diphosphate (Deoxythymidine 3′,5′-diphosphate; pdTp) tetrasodium is a selective small molecule inhibitor of staphylococcal nuclease and tudor domain containing 1 (SND1, the miRNA regulatory complex RISC subunit). Thymidine 3',5'-diphosphate tetrasodium exhibits anti-tumor efficacy in vivo[1].

  • CAS Number: 118675-87-9
  • MF: C10H12N2Na4O11P2
  • MW: 490.12
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

A947

A947 is a potent and selective SMARCA2 proteolysis-targeting chimera molecule (PROTAC). A947 also is a potent and moderately selective SMARCA2 degrader. A947 has binding affinity to the SMARCA2 bromodomain with a Kd value of 93 nM. A947 can be used for the research of cancer[1].

  • CAS Number: 2378056-80-3
  • MF: C61H76N12O7S
  • MW: 1121.40
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Adenosine-1′-13C

Adenosine-1′-13C is the 13C labeled Adenosine. Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiolo

  • CAS Number: 201996-55-6
  • MF: C10H13N5O4
  • MW: 267.24132
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

PP5-IN-1

PP5-IN-1 (Compound P053) is a competitive inhibitor of Serine/threonine protein phosphatase-5 (PP5) that binds to its catalytic domain and causes apoptosis in renal cancer[1].

  • CAS Number: 1022417-69-1
  • MF: C18H18N2O3S
  • MW: 342.41
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Dehydrocorydalin

Dehydrocorydaline (13-Methylpalmatine) is an alkaloid isolated from traditional Chinese herb Corydalis yanhusuo W.T. Wang. Dehydrocorydaline regulates protein expression of Bax, Bcl-2; activates caspase-7, caspase-8, and inactivates PARP.

  • CAS Number: 30045-16-0
  • MF: C22H24NO4+
  • MW: 366.43000
  • Catalog: Bcl-2 Family
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 170-173℃
  • Flash Point: N/A

GPLGIAGQ

GPLGIAGQ, a MMP2-cleavable polypeptide, is used as a stimulus-sensitive linker in both liposomal and micellar nanocarriers for MMP2-triggered tumor targeting. GPLGIAGQ can be used to synthesis unique MMP2-targeted photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy (PDT)[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 109053-09-0
  • MF: C31H53N9O10
  • MW: 711.81
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

AMG232

AMG 232 is a potent, selective and orally available inhibitor of p53-MDM2 interaction, with an IC50 of 0.6 nM. AMG 232 binds to MDM2 with a Kd of 0.045 nM.

  • CAS Number: 1352066-68-2
  • MF: C28H35Cl2NO5S
  • MW: 568.55200
  • Catalog: MDM-2/p53
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Ky1022

KY1022 is a ras destabilizer. KY1022 targets the Wnt/ß-catenin pathway and inhibits development of metastatic colorectal cancer.

  • CAS Number: 1029721-36-5
  • MF: C17H19N3OS
  • MW: 313.42
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Zileuton-d4

Zileuton-d4 (A 64077-d4) is the deuterium labeled Zileuton. Zileuton (A 64077) is a potent and selective inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase with antiasthmatic properties[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1189878-76-9
  • MF: C11H8D4N2O2S
  • MW: 240.31500
  • Catalog: Ferroptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Mcl1-IN-9

Mcl1-IN-9 is a potent myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) Inhibitor with an IC50 of 446 nM in reengineered BCR-ABL+ B-ALL cells and a Ki of 0.03 nM[1].

  • CAS Number: 1810769-31-3
  • MF: C37H39ClN4O4
  • MW: 639.18
  • Catalog: Bcl-2 Family
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

PTC596

PTC596 is an orally active and selective B-cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 (BMI-1) inhibitor. PTC596 targets BMI1 expressed by both tumor cells and cancer stem cells (CSCs), and induces hyper-phosphorylation of BMI1, leading to its degradation. PTC596 downregulates MCL-1 and induces p53-independent mitochondrial apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia progenitor cells[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1610964-64-1
  • MF: C19H13F5N6
  • MW: 420.339
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.6±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 583.9±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 307.0±32.9 °C

Anticancer agent 99

Anticancer agent 99 (compound 2p) has good anticancer activity against HepG2 cells, with an IC50 value of 35.9 μM. Anticancer agent 99 can induce apoptosis and has anti-proliferation effect[1].

  • CAS Number: 2914922-83-9
  • MF: C19H20F3N3O2
  • MW: 379.38
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Alisol F 24-acetate

Alisol F 24-acetate is a triterpene compound that can be isolated from the rhizomes of Alisma orientalis. Alisol F 24-acetate inhibits the secretion of HBV surface antigen HBsAg and HBeAg with IC50 values of 7.7 µM and 5.1 µM. Alisol F 24-acetate has proapoptotic activity and can be used for cancer research[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 443683-76-9
  • MF: C32H50O6
  • MW: 530.736
  • Catalog: HBV
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 634.3±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 195.8±25.0 °C

(−)-Conophylline

Conophylline is a vinca alkaloid extracted from leaves of a tropical plant Ervatamia microphylla. Conophylline is a differentiation inducer of for pancreatic cells. Conophylline suppresses HSC and induces apoptosis[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 142741-24-0
  • MF: C44H50N4O10
  • MW: 794.889
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

PB 28 dihydrochloride

A potent, mixed sigma2 agonist and sigma1 antagonist with Ki of 0.28 and 13.0 nM, respectively; inhibits cancer cell growth, modulates P-glycoprotein, and synergizes with doxorubicin in MCF7 and MCF ADR cells with IC50 in nanomolar range; increase G0-G1-phase fraction and caspase-independent apoptosis, also reduces P-gp expression.

  • CAS Number: 172907-03-8
  • MF: C24H40Cl2N2O
  • MW: 443.493
  • Catalog: SARS-CoV
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Sandacanol

Sandacanol is a specific agonist of olfactory receptor (OR10H1). Sandacanol induces cell cycle arrest and some apoptosis in bladder cancer cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 28219-61-6
  • MF: C14H24O
  • MW: 208.340
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 0.9±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 287.4±9.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 103.5±15.0 °C

CA3(CIL56)

CIL56 is a potent and selective ferroptosis inducer. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death (RCD).

  • CAS Number: 300802-28-2
  • MF: C23H27N3O5S2
  • MW: 489.608
  • Catalog: Ferroptosis
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 741.7±70.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 402.4±35.7 °C

Acetyl-Neurotrophin Receptor (368-381) amide (human)

NTR 368 is a peptide derived from p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) corresponding to residues 368-381 of the human receptor. NTR 368 has helix forming propensity in the presence of micellar lipid. NTR 368 is a potent inducer of neural apoptosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 197230-90-3
  • MF: C69H124N22O19
  • MW: 1565.86000
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A