Cell apoptosis, sometimes called programmed cell death, is a cellular self-destruction method to remove old and damaged cells during development and aging to protect cells from external disturbances and maintain homeostasis. Apoptosis also occurs as a defense mechanism such as in immune reactions or when cells are damaged by disease or noxious agents.

Apoptosis is controlled by many genes and involves two fundamental pathways: the extrinsic pathway, which transmits death signals by the death receptor (DR), and the intrinsic or mitochondrial pathway. The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is activated by the binding of the death ligand to DRs, including FasL, TNF-α, and TRAIL, on the plasma membrane. The DR, adaptor protein (FADD), and associated apoptosis signaling molecule (caspase-8) form the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), thus leading to the activation of the effector caspase cascade (caspase-3, -6, and -7). The mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis pathway is regulated by Bcl-2 family proteins, including proapoptotic (Bid, Bax, Bak) and antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL).

Abnormalities in cell apoptosis can be a significant component of diseases such as cancer, autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, AIDS, ischemia, and neurode-generative diseases. These diseases may benefit from artificially inhibiting or activating apoptosis. A short list of potential methods of anti-apoptotic therapy includes stimulation of the IAP (inhibitors of apoptosis proteins) family of proteins, caspase inhibition, PARP (poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase) inhibition, stimulation of the PKB/Akt (protein kinase B) pathway, and inhibition of Bcl-2 proteins.

Ferroptosis and necroptosis are recently recognized forms of regulated cell death that differs considerably from apoptosis. Misregulated ferroptosis or necroptosis have also been implicated in multiple physiological and pathological processes, including cancer cell death, neurotoxicity, neurodegenerative diseases, etc.

References:
[1] Susan Elmore. Toxicol Pathol. 2007; 35(4): 495–516.
[2] Cao L, et al. J Cell Death. 2016 Dec 29;9:19-29.
[3] Dasgupta A, et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Jan; 18(1): 23.
[4] Xie Y, et al. Cell Death Differ. 2016 Mar;23(3):369-79.


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Linagliptin-13C,d3

Linagliptin-13C,d3 is the 13C- and deuterium labeled. Linagliptin is a highly potent, selective DPP-4 inhibitor with IC50 of 1 nM.

  • CAS Number: 1398044-43-3
  • MF: C2413CH25D3N8O2
  • MW: 476.55
  • Catalog: Ferroptosis
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

FK-3000

FK-3000 is a potent anti-tumor agent that inhibits the growth of carcinoma cells through apoptosis and induction cell cycle arrest. FK-3000 also exhibit antiviral effects against HSV-1 and HIV-1[1][2][3][4].

  • Density: 1.33±0.1 g/cm3(Predicted)
  • Boiling Point: 572.0±50.0 °C(Predicted)
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

PARP1-IN-14

PARP1-IN-14 (compound 19k) is a potent PARP1 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.6 ± 0.1 nM. PARP1-IN-14 exhibits antiproliferative effect against both MDA-MB-436 (BRCA1−/−) and Capan-1 (BRCA2−/−) cells with IC50 values below 0.3 nM[1].

  • CAS Number: 2098639-70-2
  • MF: C28H24FN7O3
  • MW: 525.53
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

alpha-Solanine

α-solanine, a bioactive component and one of the major steroidal glycoalkaloids in potatoes, has been observed to inhibit growth and induce apoptosis in cancer cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 20562-02-1
  • MF: C45H73NO15
  • MW: 868.059
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 780.78°C (rough estimate)
  • Melting Point: 285℃ (dec.)
  • Flash Point: N/A

Topotecan hydrochloride hydrate

Topotecan hydrochloride hydrate is an orally active and potent Topoisomerase I inhibitor. Topotecan hydrochloride hydrate induces cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 and S phases and promotes apoptosis. Topotecan hydrochloride hydrate shows anticancer activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 1044663-62-8
  • MF: C23H26ClN3O6
  • MW: 475.92
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Gossypol

Gossypol, a natural product isolated from cottonseeds and roots, binds to Bcl-xL protein and Bcl-2 protein with Kis of 0.5-0.6 μM and 0.2-0.3 mM, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 303-45-7
  • MF: C30H30O8
  • MW: 518.554
  • Catalog: Bcl-2 Family
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 707.9±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 181-183ºC
  • Flash Point: 395.9±28.0 °C

2-tert-Butyl-1,4-benzoquinone

2-tert-Butyl-1,4-benzoquinone is an electrophilic metabolite of butylated hydroxyanisole and an oxidation product of 2-tert-butylhydroquinone[1].

  • CAS Number: 3602-55-9
  • MF: C10H12O2
  • MW: 164.20100
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.092 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 227.8ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 54-58 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 82.6ºC

Arylquin-1

Arylquin 1, a prostate-apoptosis-response-4 (Par-4) secretagogue, targets vimentin to induce Par-4 secretion. Arylquin 1 induces non-apoptotic cell death in cancer cells through the induction of lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP)[1].

  • CAS Number: 1630743-73-5
  • MF: C17H16FN3
  • MW: 281.327
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 441.4±40.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 220.7±27.3 °C

Eftozanermin alfa

Eftozanermin alfa (ABBV-621) is a second-generation tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor (TRAIL-R) agonist. Eftozanermin alfa induces apoptosis in tumor cells by activation of death receptors 4/5. Eftozanermin alfa can be used for the research of multiple solid and heme malignancies[1][2].

  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Adenosine-2′-13C

Adenosine-2′-13C is the 13C labeled Adenosine. Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiolo

  • CAS Number: 714950-52-4
  • MF: C10H13N5O4
  • MW: 268.23400
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

PI3K/Akt/mTOR-IN-2

PI3K/Akt/mTOR-IN-2 is a PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitor. PI3K/Akt/mTOR-IN-2 possess anti-cancer effects and selectivity against MDA-MB-231 cells with IC50 value of 2.29 μM. PI3K/Akt/mTOR-IN-2 can induce cancer cell cycle arrest and apoptosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 2757804-89-8
  • MF: C17H13F2NO
  • MW: 285.29
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Oxysophoridine

Oxysophoridine (Sophoridine N-oxide) is a bioactive alkaloid extracted from the Sophora alopecuroides Linn. Oxysophoridine (Sophoridine N-oxide) shows anti inflammatory, anti oxidative stress and anti apoptosis effects[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 54809-74-4
  • MF: C15H24N2O2
  • MW: 264.363
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

FR-900359

FR900359 is a depsipeptide selective inhibitor of Gαq/11/14 in mammalia, can inhibits ERK pathway. FR900359 suppresses the proliferation of melanoma cells and decreases of blood pressure. FR900359 also protected against airway hyperreactivity in murine models of allergen sensitization in Ovalbumins(HY-W250978)–induced sensitization model of asthma. FR900359 can be used for cancer and cardiovascular disease research[1][2][3][4].

  • CAS Number: 107530-18-7
  • MF: C49H75N7O15
  • MW: 1002.16
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

butyrin

Tributyrin (Glyceryl tributyrate), a neutral short-chain fatty acid triglyceride, is a stable and rapidly absorbed prodrug of Butyric Acid. Tributyrin diffuses through biological membranes and is metabolized by intracellular lipases, releasing effective butyrate directly into the cell in vivo. Tributyrin has potent antiproliferative, proapoptotic and differentiation-inducing effects[1].

  • CAS Number: 60-01-5
  • MF: C15H26O6
  • MW: 302.363
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 307.5±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: -75 °C
  • Flash Point: 173.9±0.0 °C

Ac-AAVALLPAVLLALLAP-LEHD-CHO

Ac-AAVALLPAVLLALLAP-LEHD-CHO is an inhibitor of caspases 4, 5 and 9. Ac-AAVALLPAVLLALLAP-LEHD-CHO shows protective effects upon Neocarzinostatin (HY-111183)-treated MCF-7 cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 623948-42-5
  • MF: C97H162N22O25
  • MW: 2036.46
  • Catalog: Caspase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Ardisiacrispin B

Ardisiacrispin B displays cytotoxic effects in multi-factorial drug resistant cancer cells via ferroptotic and apoptotic cell death[1].

  • CAS Number: 112766-96-8
  • MF: C53H86O22
  • MW: 1075.25
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.468g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Furanodiene

Furanodiene is a natural terpenoid isolated from Rhizoma Curcumae. Furanodiene plays anti-cancer effects through anti-angiogenesis and inducing ROS production, DNA strand breaks and apoptosis. Furanodiene suppresseed efflux transporter Pgp (P-glycoprotein) function and reduced Pgp protein level[1].

  • CAS Number: 19912-61-9
  • MF: C15H20O
  • MW: 216.31900
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 0.945±0.06 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 309.6±11.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 74-75 °C
  • Flash Point: N/A

N-Benzyladenosine

N6-Benzyladenosine is an adenosine receptor agonist, has a cytoactive activity. N6-Benzyladenosine arrests cell cycle at G0/G1 phase and induces cell apoptosis. N6-Benzyladenosine also exerts inhibitory effect on T. gondii adenosine kinase and glioma[1]-[5].

  • CAS Number: 4294-16-0
  • MF: C17H19N5O4
  • MW: 357.364
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.6±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 689.3±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 184-186 °C
  • Flash Point: 370.7±34.3 °C

GY1-22

GY1-22 is an inhibitor of DNAJA1-mutP53R175H interacting pocket. GY1-22 can be used for the research of cancer[1].

  • CAS Number: 326903-84-8
  • MF: C23H20N4OS
  • MW: 400.50
  • Catalog: MDM-2/p53
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

A09-003

A09-003 is a CDK-9 inhibitor (IC50: 16 nM). A09-003 inhibits leukemia cell proliferation (IC50: 1.90, 0.86, 2.49, 1.84, 0.48 μM for BDCM, Molm-14, THP-1, U937, MV4-11 cells). A09-003 induces apoptosis and decreases Mcl-1 expression through Thr163 dephosphorylation[1].

  • CAS Number: 2911646-14-3
  • MF: C23H26N4O
  • MW: 374.48
  • Catalog: Bcl-2 Family
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Euphorbia factor L2

Euphorbia factor L2, a lathyrane diterpenoid isolated from caper euphorbia seed (the seeds of Euphorbia lathyris L.), has been traditionally applied to treat cancer. Euphorbia factor L2 shows potent cytotoxicity and induces apoptosis via a mitochondrial pathway[1].

  • CAS Number: 218916-51-9
  • MF: C38H42O9
  • MW: 642.735
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 697.6±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 284.6±31.5 °C

n-Butyl β-D-fructofuranoside

n-Butyl-β-D-fructofuranoside could be isolated from kangaisan. n-Butyl-β-D-fructofuranoside induces apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. n-Butyl-β-D-fructofuranoside can be used for cancer research[1].

  • CAS Number: 80971-60-4
  • MF: C10H20O6
  • MW: 236.26200
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

PHA (Phytohemagglutinins)

Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) is a lectin, obtained from the red kidney bean that binds to the membranes of T-cells, stimulates metabolic activity, cell division, and involves inflammatory pathways. Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) induces apoptosis via increasing proapoptotic protein Bax and activating caspases-3[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 9008-97-3
  • MF:
  • MW:
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Shepherdin 79-87

Shepherdin (79-87) is amino acids 79 to 87 fragment of Shepherdin. Shepherdin is a peptidomimetic antagonist of the complex between Hsp90 and Survivin. Anticancer activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 861224-28-4
  • MF: C41H64N12O12S
  • MW: 949.09
  • Catalog: Survivin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Rutundic acid

Rotundic acid, a triterpenoid obtained from I. rotunda, induces DNA damage and cell apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma through AKT/mTOR and MAPK Pathways. Rotundic acid possesses anti-inflammatory and cardio-protective abilities[1].

  • CAS Number: 20137-37-5
  • MF: C30H48O5
  • MW: 488.699
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 622.8±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 272-274℃
  • Flash Point: 344.5±28.0 °C

Quinacrine Dihydrochloride Dihydrate

Quinacrine hydrochloride hydrate (Mepacrine hydrochloride hydrate) is an antimalarial agent, which possess anticancer effect both in vitro and vivo. Quinacrine hydrochloride hydrate suppresses NF-κB and activates p53 signaling, which results in the induction of the apoptosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 6151-30-0
  • MF: C23H36Cl3N3O3
  • MW: 508.909
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 557.1ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 247 °C
  • Flash Point: N/A

TPB15

TPB15 is an orally active and potent Hh (Hedgehog) signaling inhibitor. TPB15 markedly induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MDA-MB-468 cells. TPB15 blocks Smo (Smoothened) translocation into the cilia and reduced Smo protein and mRNA expression. TPB15 inhibits the expression of the downstream regulatory factor glioma-associated oncogene 1 (Gli1). TPB15 shows good anti-tumor activity with low toxicity[1].

  • CAS Number: 2170347-69-8
  • MF: C18H9Cl4N5O
  • MW: 453.11
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

2,3-Dihydro-3α-methoxynimbolide

2,3-Dihydro-3α-methoxynimbolide is a limonoid compound isolated from the extracts of bark, leaves, roots, and seeds of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. var. siamensis Valeton. 2,3-Dihydro-3α-methoxynimbolide exhibits potent cyto-toxicities against one or more cell lines. 2,3-Dihydro-3α-methoxynimbolide activates caspases-3, -8, and -9, while increases the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2. 2,3-Dihydro-3α-methoxynimbolide induces apoptosis via both mitochondrial and death receptor pathways in AZ521[1].

  • CAS Number: 1607828-35-2
  • MF: C28H34O8
  • MW: 498.56
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 617.7±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 327.3±31.5 °C

Anti-melanoma agent 1

Anti-melanoma agent 1 (Compound 5m) is an anti-melanoma agent and induces cell apoptosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 2418579-17-4
  • MF: C28H28N2O2
  • MW: 424.53
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

2-Methoxyestradiol

2-Methoxyestradiol is an angiogenesis inhibitor and apoptosis inducer with potent antineoplastic activity. 2-Methoxyestradiol also destablize microtubules.

  • CAS Number: 362-07-2
  • MF: C19H26O3
  • MW: 302.408
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 464.4±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 188-190°C
  • Flash Point: 234.7±28.7 °C