Cell apoptosis, sometimes called programmed cell death, is a cellular self-destruction method to remove old and damaged cells during development and aging to protect cells from external disturbances and maintain homeostasis. Apoptosis also occurs as a defense mechanism such as in immune reactions or when cells are damaged by disease or noxious agents.

Apoptosis is controlled by many genes and involves two fundamental pathways: the extrinsic pathway, which transmits death signals by the death receptor (DR), and the intrinsic or mitochondrial pathway. The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is activated by the binding of the death ligand to DRs, including FasL, TNF-α, and TRAIL, on the plasma membrane. The DR, adaptor protein (FADD), and associated apoptosis signaling molecule (caspase-8) form the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), thus leading to the activation of the effector caspase cascade (caspase-3, -6, and -7). The mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis pathway is regulated by Bcl-2 family proteins, including proapoptotic (Bid, Bax, Bak) and antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL).

Abnormalities in cell apoptosis can be a significant component of diseases such as cancer, autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, AIDS, ischemia, and neurode-generative diseases. These diseases may benefit from artificially inhibiting or activating apoptosis. A short list of potential methods of anti-apoptotic therapy includes stimulation of the IAP (inhibitors of apoptosis proteins) family of proteins, caspase inhibition, PARP (poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase) inhibition, stimulation of the PKB/Akt (protein kinase B) pathway, and inhibition of Bcl-2 proteins.

Ferroptosis and necroptosis are recently recognized forms of regulated cell death that differs considerably from apoptosis. Misregulated ferroptosis or necroptosis have also been implicated in multiple physiological and pathological processes, including cancer cell death, neurotoxicity, neurodegenerative diseases, etc.

References:
[1] Susan Elmore. Toxicol Pathol. 2007; 35(4): 495–516.
[2] Cao L, et al. J Cell Death. 2016 Dec 29;9:19-29.
[3] Dasgupta A, et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Jan; 18(1): 23.
[4] Xie Y, et al. Cell Death Differ. 2016 Mar;23(3):369-79.


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HLI-98C

HLI98C is a ubiquitin ligase inhibitor. HLI98C inhibits p53 ubiquitylation. HLI98C inhibits HDM2 auto-ubiquitylation[1].

  • CAS Number: 317326-90-2
  • MF: C17H9ClN4O4
  • MW: 368.73100
  • Catalog: MDM-2/p53
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Sotevtamab

Sotevtamab (16B5) is a humanized IgG2 anti-clusterin monoclonal antibody (mAb). Sotevtamab is an inhibitor of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Sotevtamab can be used for cancer research[1][2][3].

  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Dual DRAK1 and DRAK2 inhibitor 1

Dual DRAK1 and DRAK2 inhibitor 1 is a potent, dual DRAK2/1 inhibitor Kd value of 9/5 nM, respectively;Dual DRAK1 and DRAK2 inhibitor 1 also is a functional inhibitor of DRAK2/1 enzymatic activity with IC50 of 0.86 and 2.25 uM.Dual DRAK1 and DRAK2 inhibitor 1 is a chemical tool compound to study DRAK1 and DRAK2 biology.

  • CAS Number: 1629227-34-4
  • MF: C22H24N2O3S
  • MW: 396.505
  • Catalog: DAPK
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Bax activator compound 106

Bax activator-1 (compound 106) is a Bax activator that induces Bax-dependent tumor cell apoptosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 1638526-94-9
  • MF: C29H36N4O3
  • MW: 488.62
  • Catalog: Bcl-2 Family
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Taccalonolide A

Taccalonolide A is a microtubule stabilizer, which is a steroid isolated from Tacca chantrieri, with cytotoxic and antimalarial activities[1][2]. Taccalonolide A causes G2-M accumulation, Bcl-2 phosphorylation and initiation of apoptosis[1]. Taccalonolide A is effective in vitro against cell lines that overexpress P-glycoprotein (Pgp) and multidrug resistance protein 7 (MRP7), with an IC50 of 622 nM for SK-OV-3 cells[3].

  • CAS Number: 108885-68-3
  • MF: C36H46O14
  • MW: 702.742
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 776.8±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 237.8±26.4 °C

Birinapant

Birinapant, a bivalent Smac mimetic, is a potent antagonist for XIAP and cIAP1 with Kds of 45 nM and less than 1 nM, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 1260251-31-7
  • MF: C42H56F2N8O6
  • MW: 806.94
  • Catalog: IAP
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 1090.5±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 613.3±34.3 °C

Antitumor agent-61

Antitumor agent-61 (Compound 9b), Irinotecan (Ir) derivative, is a potential antitumor agent. Antitumor agent-61 displays potent activity with IC50s of 0.92, 1.39, 1.75, 2.20, 3.05 and 3.23 μM against five human cancer cells SK-OV-3, SK-OV-3/CDDP, U2OS, MCF-7, A549 and MG-63, respectively. Antitumor agent-61 induces SK-OV-3 cells apoptosis through mitochondrion pathways[1].

  • CAS Number: 2408917-12-2
  • MF: C54H63FN5O10P
  • MW: 992.08
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

MK-2206 free base

MK-2206 free base is an orally active, highly potent and selective allosteric Akt inhibitor, with IC50s of 8, 12, and 65 nM for Akt1, Akt2, and Akt3, respectively. Many breast cancer cell lines, and PIK3CA-mutant and cell lines with PTEN loss are sensitive to MK-2206 free base. MK-2206 free base has anticancer activities[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1032349-93-1
  • MF: C25H21N5O
  • MW: 407.46700
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

EGFR-IN-51

EGFR-IN-51 (Compound 6) is a potent EGFR inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.493, 102.60 and 461.63 µM against EGFR, EGFR L858R-TK and EGFR T790M-TK, respectively. EGFR-IN-51 shows cytotoxic activity against cancer cell lines and induces apoptosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 2418549-32-1
  • MF: C21H15N3O2S
  • MW: 373.43
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Glychionide A

Glychionide A is a flavonoside that can be found in the roots of Glychirriza glabra. Glychionide A promotes apoptosis and autophagy of PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells. Glychionide A can be used for the research of cancer[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 119152-50-0
  • MF: C21H18O11
  • MW: 446.361
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.7±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 839.4±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 216-217 °C
  • Flash Point: 298.2±27.8 °C

CRT0066101

PKD-IN-1 (compound 32), an aminoethylamino-aryl (AEAA) compound, acts as PKD-1 inhibitor. PKD-IN-1 can be used for protein kinase D (PKD)-mediated diseases research[1].

  • CAS Number: 956121-30-5
  • MF: C18H21Cl3N4O
  • MW: 415.745
  • Catalog: PKD
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Antioxidant agent-5

Antioxidant agent-5 (compound D-6) is a potent antioxidant agent. Antioxidant agent-5 can inhibit oxLDL (oxidized low-density lipoprotein)-induced apoptosis and the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in VECs. Antioxidant agent-5 suppresses oxLDL-induced increase of ROS level and nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Antioxidant agent-5 protects against oxLDL-induced endothelial injury by activating Nrf2/HO-1 anti-oxidation pathway[1].

  • CAS Number: 2684291-60-7
  • MF: C24H24N6O
  • MW: 412.49
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Ginsenoside Rc

Ginsenoside Rc, one of major Ginsenosides from Panax ginseng, enhances GABA receptorA (GABAA)-mediated ion channel currents (IGABA). Ginsenoside Rc inhibits the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β.

  • CAS Number: 11021-14-0
  • MF: C53H90O22
  • MW: 1079.269
  • Catalog: TNF Receptor
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 1128.3±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 636.2±34.3 °C

Methyl protodioscin

Methyl protodioscin(NSC-698790) is a furostanol bisglycoside with antitumor properties; shows to reduce proliferation, cause cell cycle arrest.IC50 value:Target: in vitro: MPD showed growth inhibitory effects in A549 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The significant G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptotic effect were also seen in A549 cells treated with MPD. MPD-induced apoptosis was accompanied by a significant reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of mitochondrial cytochrome c to cytosol, activation of caspase-3, downregulation of Bcl-2, p-Bad, and upregulation of Bax [1]. In THP-1 macrophages, MPD increases levels of ABCA1 mRNA and protein in dose- and time-dependent manners, and apoA-1-mediated cholesterol efflux. MPD also decreases the gene expressions of HMGCR, FAS and ACC for cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis [2].

  • CAS Number: 54522-52-0
  • MF: C52H86O22
  • MW: 1063.226
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

10074-G5

10074-G5 is an inhibitor of c-Myc-Max dimerization with an IC50 of 146 μM.

  • CAS Number: 413611-93-5
  • MF: C18H12N4O3
  • MW: 332.313
  • Catalog: c-Myc
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 538.6±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 279.5±32.9 °C

PROTAC MDM2 Degrader-4

PROTAC MDM2 Degrader-4 is a MDM2 degrader based on PROTAC technology. PROTAC MDM2 Degrader-4 composes of a potent MDM2 inhibitor, linker, and the MDM2 ligand for E3 ubiquitin ligase[1].

  • CAS Number: 2249750-24-9
  • MF: C70H74Cl4N8O14
  • MW: 1393.19
  • Catalog: MDM-2/p53
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Belotecan

Belotecan (CKD-602 free base) is a DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor. Belotecan induces cell apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest. Belotecan is a camptothecin analogue with anti-tumor effects, it can be used for the research of cancer[1].

  • CAS Number: 256411-32-2
  • MF: C25H27N3O4
  • MW: 433.500
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 772.4±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 420.9±32.9 °C

4-Methyldaphnetin

4-Methyldaphnetin is a precursor in the synthesis of derivatives of 4-methyl coumarin. 4-Methyldaphnetin has potent, selective anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing effects on several cancer cell lines. 4-Methyldaphnetin possesses radical scavenging property and strongly inhibits membrane lipid peroxidation[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 2107-77-9
  • MF: C10H8O4
  • MW: 192.168
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 421.5±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 242-246 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 176.0±22.2 °C

MAO-B-IN-26

MAO-B-IN-26 (Compound IC9) is a MAO-B and acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. MAO-B-IN-26 protects SH?SY5Y cells against Aβ induced cytotoxicity, morphological changes, ROS generation and membrane damage. MAO-B-IN-26 also inhibits Aβ induced autophagy and apoptosis. MAO-B-IN-26 can be used as a neuroprotective agent against Alzheimer’s disease[1].

  • CAS Number: 38470-71-2
  • MF: C17H12BrNO
  • MW: 326.19
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

azoxystrobin

Azoxystrobin is a broad-spectrum β-methoxyacrylate fungicide. Azoxystrobin inhibits mitochondrial respiration by binding to the Qo site of the cytochrome bc1 complex and inhibiting electron transfer. Azoxystrobin induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induces cell apoptosis.

  • CAS Number: 131860-33-8
  • MF: C22H17N3O5
  • MW: 403.388
  • Catalog: Fungal
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 581.3±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 118 - 119ºC
  • Flash Point: 305.3±30.1 °C

Xevinapant hydrochloride

Xevinapant (AT-406) hydrochloride is a potent and orally bioavailable Smac mimetic and an antagonist of the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs). Xevinapant hydrochloride binds to XIAP, cIAP1, and cIAP2 proteins with Kis of 66.4, 1.9, and 5.1 nM, respectively. Xevinapant hydrochloride effectively antagonizes XIAP BIR3 protein in a cell-free functional assay, induces rapid degradation of cellular cIAP1 protein, and inhibits cancer cell growth in various human cancer cell lines. Xevinapant hydrochloride is highly effective in induction of apoptosis in xenograft tumors[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1071992-57-8
  • MF: C32H44ClN5O4
  • MW: 598.18
  • Catalog: IAP
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

bpV(phen) trihydrate

bpV(phen) trihydrate, a insulin-mimetic agent, is a potent protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) and PTEN inhibitor with IC50s of 38 nM, 343 nM and 920 nM for PTEN, PTP-β and PTP-1B, respectively. bpV(phen) trihydrate inhibits proliferation of the protozoan parasite Leishmania in vitro. bpV(phen) trihydrate strongly induces the secretion of a large number of chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and it activates a Th1-type pathway (IL-12, IFNγ). bpV(phen) trihydrate can also induce cell apoptosis, and has anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor activity[1][2][3][4][5].

  • CAS Number: 171202-16-7
  • MF: C12H14KN2O8V++
  • MW: 404.28800
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

iFSP1

iFSP1 is a potent, selective and glutathione-independent inhibitor of ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1) (AIFM2) with an EC50 of 103 nM. iFSP1 selectively induces ferroptosis in GPX4-knockout cells which overexpressed FSP1. iFSP1 is able to sensitize a variety of human cancer cell lines to the ferroptosis inducer, such as (1S,3R)-RSL3 (HY-100218A)[1].

  • CAS Number: 150651-39-1
  • MF: C20H13N5
  • MW: 323.35100
  • Catalog: Ferroptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

W146 TFA

W146 TFA is a selective antagonist of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) with an EC50 value of 398 nM.

  • CAS Number: 909725-62-8
  • MF: C18H28F3N2O6P
  • MW: 456.4
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

BTSA1

BTSA1 is a potent, high affinity and orally active BAX activator with an IC50 of 250 nM and an EC50 of 144 nM. BTSA1 binds with high affinity and specificity to the N-terminal activation site and induces conformational changes to BAX leading to BAX-mediated apoptosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 314761-14-3
  • MF: C21H14N6OS2
  • MW: 430.505
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 625.2±48.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 331.9±29.6 °C

Drozitumab

Drozitumab (PRO 95780) is a human agonistic monoclonal antibody which binds the death receptor DR5. Drozitumab has potent antitumor activity against rhabdomyosarcoma[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 912628-39-8
  • MF:
  • MW: 143.1 (kDa)
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

STAT3-IN-18

STAT3-IN-18 (compound SPP) is a platinum (IV) complex with an axial ligand derived from sandalwood. STAT3-IN-18 inhibits the JAK2-STAT3 pathway in breast cancer (BC) cells, with anti-proliferative activity. STAT3-IN-18 activates caspase-3 and increases cleaved polyADP-ribose polymerase to induce apoptosis. STAT3-IN-18 promotes maturation and antigen presentation of dendritic cells and demonstrates safety in vivo.

  • CAS Number: 2668267-41-0
  • MF: C18H24Cl2N2O6Pt
  • MW: 630.38
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

CSRM617

CSRM617 is a selective small-molecule inhibitor of the transcription factor ONECUT2 (OC2, a master regulator of androgen receptor) with a Kd of 7.43 uM in SPR assays, binding to OC2-HOX domain directly. CSRM617 induces apoptosis by appearance of cleaved Caspase-3 and PARP. CSRM617 is well tolerated in the prostate cancer mouse model[1]

  • CAS Number: 787504-88-5
  • MF: C10H13N3O5
  • MW: 255.23
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

HDAC3/6-IN-2

HDAC3/6-IN-2 (compound 15) is a potent HDAC6 and HDAC3 inhibitor, with IC50 values of 0.368 and 0.635 μM, respectively. HDAC3/6-IN-2 shows antitumor activity, and induces cancer cell apoptosis. HDAC3/6-IN-2 decreases the levels of HDAC6 and HDAC3, associated with upregulation of acetylated H3 and α-tubulin[1].

  • CAS Number: 2417510-17-7
  • MF: C49H67N5O6
  • MW: 822.09
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Apoptotic agent-3

Apoptotic agent-3 (compound 15f) promotes apoptosis through the potential mitochondria-mediated Bcl-2/Bax pathway and activation of the Caspase 3 pathway. Apoptotic agent-3 exhibits anti-proliferative activities and can be used for cancer research[1].

  • CAS Number: 2482310-23-4
  • MF: C31H21N5OS
  • MW: 511.60
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A