Amphotericin B is a polyene antifungal agent against a wide variety of fungal pathogens. It binds irreversibly to ergosterol, resulting in disruption of membrane integrity and ultimately cell death.
Calcimycin hemicalcium salt (A-23187 hemicalcium salt) is an antibiotic and a unique divalent cation ionophore (like calcium and magnesium). Calcimycin hemicalcium salt induces Ca2+-dependent cell death by increasing intracellular calcium concentration. Calcimycin hemicalcium salt inhibits the growth of Gram-positive bacteria and some fungi. Calcimycin hemicalcium salt also inhibits the activity of ATPase and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation of mammalian cells. Calcimycin hemicalcium salt induces apoptosis[1][2][3][4].
Phaseollidin hydrate is the hydrate form of the antimicrobial phytoalexin Phaseollidin, which has lower antifungal activity than the original Phaseollidin[1].
Ravuconazole-d4 (BMS-207147-d4) is the deuterium labeled Ravuconazole. Ravuconazole (BMS-207147) is an orally available triazoleantifungle agent that potently inhibits a wide range of fungi[1][2].
Pyribencarb is a benzylcarbamate-type fungicide, which is active against a wide range of plant pathogenic fungi. Pyribencarb is a potent Qo inhibitor of cytochrome b. Pyribencarb is especially active against Botrytis cinerea and Sclerotinia sclerotirum[1].
Prochloraz is an imidazole antifungal that inhibits ergosterol biosynthesis via inhibition of the cytochrome P450-dependent 14α-demethylation of lanosterol, which results in disruption of the fungal cell membrane and cell death. Prochloraz inhibits human placenta microsomal aromatase in vitro (IC50 = 40 nM). Prochloraz also acts as an antagonist of the estrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR) (IC50s = 25 μM and 4 μM, respectively) as well as activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR; EC50 = 1 μM).
D75-4590, a pyridobenzimidazole derivative and a β-1,6-glucan synthesis inhibitor, possesses antifungal activity[1].
Clioquinol(Iodochlorhydroxyquin) is an antifungal drug and antiprotozoal compound that shows effectivity for Alzheimer's disease treatment and induce cancer cell death.
2,3-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde (o-Veratraldehyde) is a benzaldehyde analog, with high antifungal activity (MIC=2.5 mM) 2,3-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde (o-Veratraldehyde) could be used for the synthesis of berberine[1].
Xanthoxylin (Xanthoxyline) is isolated from Zanthoxylum simulans. Xanthoxylin (Xanthoxyline) has antifungal and antispasmodic activities[1][2].
Pseudolaric Acid B is a diterpene isolated from the root of Pseudolarix kaempferi Gorden (pinaceae), has anti-cancer, antifungal, and antifertile activities, and shows immunosuppressive activity on T lymphocytes[1][2][3]. Pseudolaric Acid B inhibits hepatitis B virus (HBV) secretion through apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Pseudolaric Acid B induces autophagy[4][5].
Dihydrochelerythrine is a natural compound isolated from the leaves of Macleaya microcarpa; has antifungal activity.IC50 value:Target: in vitro: Dihydrochelerythrine showed the highest antifungal activity against B. cinerea Pers, with 98.32% mycelial growth inhibition at 50 μg/mL. Dihydrochelerythrine inhibited spore germination in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner [1]. Dihydrochelerythrine appeared to be less cytotoxic since the viability of cells exposed to 20 microM dihydrochelerythrine for 24h was reduced only to 53%. A dose-dependent induction of apoptosis and necrosis by chelerythrine and dihydrochelerythrine was confirmed by annexin V/propidium iodide dual staining flow cytometry [2]. Dihydrochelerythrine (4) exhibited strong activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus SK1 and moderate activity against Escherichia coli TISTR 780 with MIC values of 8 and 16 μg/mL, respectively [3].
Myxothiazol, an antifungal antibiotic, is a mitochondrial electron transport chain complex III (bc1 complex) inhibitor. Myxothiazol inhibits the growth of many yeasts and fungi at concentrations between 0.01 and 3 μg/ml[1][2].
Galanolactone is a natural product that can be isolated from the seeds of Alpinia galanga. Galanolactone shows antifungal activitie. Galanolactone shows cytotoxicity against KB cells with an EC50 of 38.5 µg/ml[1].
Tribenuron-methyl-d3 is a deuterated labeled Tribenuron-methyl. Tribenuron-methyl is a sulfonylurea herbicide agent, can be used as the fungicide agent. Tribenuron-methyl plays an important role in controlling the weeds and diseases in wheat field[1].
Triphala, an Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation comprising of equiproportional fruit parts of Terminalia chebula, Terminalia bellerica, and Phyllanthus emblica[1]. Triphala inhibits NF-κB activation. Triphala exerts antifungal action[2]. Anti-adipogenic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-neoplastic activities.
1-Monomyristin, extracted from Serenoa repens, inhibits the hydrolysis of 2-oleoylglycerol (IC50=32 μM) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) activity (IC50=18 μM). 1-Monomyristin shows antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and also antifungal activity against Candida albicans[1][2][3].
Micafungin sodium (FK 463) is an antifungal agent which inhibits 1, 3-beta-D-glucan synthesis.
Harzianum A is a trichothecene that isolated from the soil-borne fungus Trichoderma harzianum. Harzianum A shows no cytotoxicity against baby hamster kidney cells, no activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, but modest antifungal activity at 100 μg/mL[1].
Isoliquiritin, isolated from Licorice Root, inhibits angiogenesis and tube formation. Isoliquiritin also exhibits antidepressant-like effects and antifungal activity[1][2][3].
Faltan-d4 is the deuterium labeled Faltan[1]. Faltan is a dicarboximide fungicide, widely used on vines and several vegetable crops, and is also cytotoxic effect on human bronchial epithelial cells[2].
Pseudolaric Acid A is a diterpene acid isolated from Pseudolarix kaempferi, has antifungal, cytotoxic and antifertile activities[1][2][3].
Fenpropidin is a sterol biosynthesis inhibitor fungicide[1].
Tolnaftate D7 (NP-27 D7) is the deuterium labeled Tolnaftate. Tolnaftate (NP-27) is a synthetic thiocarbamate used as an anti-fungal agent[1][2].
Tolytoxin, a bioactive metabolite from cyanobacteria, is a potent antifungal antibiotic, exhibiting MICs of 0.25-8 nmol. Tolytoxin is a cyanobacterial macrolide that targets actin by inhibition of its polymerization. Tolytoxin has cytotoxic effects in cancer cells[1].
Plumieride is an antifungal agent. Plumieride has strong fungitoxicity against some dermatophytes. Plumieride has little cytotoxic activity against the P388 leukaemia cell line with an IC50 of 85 μg/mL[1].
Sakuranetin is a rice flavonoid phytoalexin, shows strong antifungal activity[1]. Sakuranetin has anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities. Sakuranetin ameliorates LPS-induced acute lung injury[2].
(+)-Magnoflorine (Magnoflorine) is an aporphine alkaloid found in Acoruscalamus, with anti-fungal activity, reduces the formation of C. albicans’ biofilm[1]. Anti-antidiabeticand anti-oxidative activity[2].
(E)-β-Farnesene (trans-β-Farnesene) is a volatile sesquiterpene hydrocarbon which can be found in Phlomis aurea Decne essential oil. (E)-β-Farnesene can be used as a feeding stimulant for the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis[1][2].
Cerbinal is a natural compound isolated from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis. Cerbinal has antifungal activity[1].