PAC1R antagonist 1 (compound 3d) is a potent and orally active antagonist of PAC1 receptor. PAC1R antagonist 1 can inhibit pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP)- and nerve injury-induced allodynia[1].
(-)-Penbutolol ((S)-Penbutolol) is a potent β-adrenoceptor and 5-HT receptor antagonist with Ki values of 11.6 nM and 11.9 nM for 5-HT in rat cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) and human CA3. (-)-Penbutolol can increase hippocampal 5-HT output[1][2].
YIAD-0205 is an orally available Aβ(1?42) aggregation inhibitor. YIAD-0205 demonstrated in vivo efficacy in an AD transgenic mouse model with five familial AD mutations (5XFAD)[1].
Irsenontrine (E2027) maleate is an orally active and selective phosphodiesterase 9 (PDE9) inhibitor. Irsenontrine maleate can be used for the research of neurological diseases[1][2].
Loreclezole hydrochloride, an antiepileptic compound, is a selective GABAA receptor modulator and acts as a positive allosteric modulator of β2 or β3-subunit containing receptors[1][2].
H3 receptor antagonist 1 is an antagonist of histamine H3 receptor, used in the research of neurological disease.
Lp-PLA2-IN-11 is a potent inhibitor of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2). Lp-PLA2 previously known as platelet- activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH), is a phospholipase A2 enzyme involved in hydrolysis of lipoprotein lipids or phospholipids. Lp-PLA2-IN-11 has the potential for the research of diseases associated with the activity of Lp-PLA2, for example atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease (extracted from patent WO2014114249A1, compound E145)[1].
Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH), Free Acid (TRH-OH) is a physiological metabolite of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone.
E2730 is a noncompetitive but selective inhibitor of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporter 1 (GAT1) with orally available and antiepileptic activity. E2730-mediated GAT1 inhibition is positively correlated with environmental GABA levels and selectively inhibits GAT1-mediated GABA uptake. E2730 (5-50 mg/kg; po) in rat amygdala ignition model, and in mouse cornea ignition (5-50 mg/kg), drug resistance 6Hz-44mA has demonstrated in vivo efficacy in models of psychomotor epilepsy (5-50 mg/kg), fragile X syndrome (2.5-300 mg/kg), and Dravet syndrome (10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg)[1].
Midafotel (SDZ-EAA 494) is a potent and comprtitive NMDA antagonist with an ED50 value of 39 nM. Midafotel causes intense stereotyped behaviors. Midafotel shows neuroprotective effects[1][2][3].
Isoprocarb-d3 is deuterium labeled Isoprocarb. Isoprocarb is carbamate insecticide that widely used to control rice paddy lice and leafhopper. Isoprocarb is also an AChE inhibitor[1].
Dexanabinol (HU-211) is an artificially synthesized cannabinoid derivative and lacks cannabimimetic effects. Dexanabinol exhibits not only the antioxidant and neuroprotective activities in brain but also anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting NF-κB and decreasing cytokines such as TNFα and interleukin-6, which could ensure the integrity of BBB and reduce cell apoptosis and death. Dexanabinol is widely used in head injury or stroke treatment and has been shown to be safe in animals and humans[1].
MF266-3 is a potent, selective prostaglandin E receptor subtype 3 (EP3) antagonist with Ki of 0.8 nM; displayes a relatively good selectivity over other prostanoid receptors.
Vigabatrin Hcl(γ-Vinyl-GABA; Sabril) is a structural analog of the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) that irreversibly inhibits the catabolism of GABA by GABA transaminase.IC50 value:Target: GABA transaminaseClinical studies have shown that vigabatrin is superior to placebo in decreasing the frequency of infantile spasms. In tuberous sclerosis, vigabatrin may be considered the first-line treatment for IS. The mode of action is increasing concentrations of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA in the brain.A significant increase in seizure threshold was observed following systemic (i.p.) administration of high (600 or 1200 mg/kg) doses of vigabatrin. Bilateral microinjection of vigabatrin (10 μg) into either the anterior or posterior SNr also increased seizure threshold, but less markedly than systemic treatment.
Vps34-PIK-III is a potent and selective inhibitor of VPS34 with an IC50 of 18 nM.
Noxiustoxin is a toxin from the venom of the Mexican scorpion Centruroides noxius which block voltage-dependent potassium channel (Kv1.3, IC50 = 360 nM), and calcium-activated potassium channel. Noxiustoxin plays an important role in neuroinflammatory disease[1][2].
BIP-135 is a potent and selective ATP-competitive GSK-3 inhibitor, with IC50s of 16 nM and 21 nM for GSK-3α and GSK-3β, respectively. BIP 135 exhibits neuroprotective effect[1].
7-Nitroindazole is a selective nNOS inhibitor with antinociceptive and cardiovascular effects. 7-Nitroindazole is a useful tool to evaluate the biological roles of nitric oxide in the central nervous system[1][2].
TACA (trans-4-Aminocrotonic acid) is a potent agonist of GABAA and GABAC receptors (KD= 0.6 μM). TACA also is GABA uptake inhibitor and substrate for GABA-T. TACA produces late biphasic responses in the MPG neurons[1][2][3].
GNE 0723 is a brain permeable positive allosteric modulator of NMDAR, with an EC50 of 21 nM for GluN2A, 7.4 and 6.2 μM for GluN2C and GluN2D, respectively.
Rosavin is isolated from R. rosea, Rosavin shows antidepressant-like, adaptogenic, anxiolytic-like effects in mice model[1].
ZM39923 is a JAK3 inhibitor, with a pIC50 of 7.1; ZM39923 also potently inhibits tissue transglutaminase (TGM2) with an IC50 of 10 nM.
BML-259 is a potent cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) inhibitor, with IC50s of 64 and 98 nM for Cdk5 and Cdk2, respectively[1].
α-Conotoxin BuIA is a paralytic peptide neurotoxin and a competitive nAChR antagonist, with IC50s of 0.258 nM (α6/α3β2), 1.54 nM (α6/α3β4), 5.72 nM (α3β2), respectively. α-Conotoxin BuIA can be used to distinguish nAChRs containing β2- and β4-subunit, respectively. α-Conotoxin BuIA distinguishes among αxβ2 nAChRs with a rank order potency of α6>α3>α2>α4[1].
Methiothepin maleate is a potent and non-selective 5-HT2 receptor antagonist, with pKds of 7.10 (5-HT1A), 7.28 (5HT1B), 7.56 (5HT1C), 6.99 (5HT1D), 7.0 (5-HT5A), 7.8 (5-HT5B), 8.74 (5-HT6), and 8.99 (5-HT7), and pKis of 8.50 (5HT2A), 8.68 (5HT2B), and 8.35 (5HT2C).
Etoposide phosphate disodium (BMY-40481 disodium) is a potent anti-cancer chemotherapy agent and a selective topoisomerase II inhibitor to prevent re-ligation of DNA strands. Etoposide phosphate disodium is the phosphate ester prodrug of etoposide and is considered as active equivalent to Etoposide. Etoposide phosphate disodium induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy[1][2].
Bifemelane hydrochloride is a potent, selective and competitive inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A), with a Ki of 4.20 μM, and it also inhibits MAO-B noncompetitively with a Ki of 46.0 μM. Bifemelane hydrochloride has a potent antidepressant activity and can be used for the research of cognitive and emotional disturbances related to cerebrovascular disease[1][2].
1(10)-Aristolen-2-one is an agent with sedative effect[1].
Neuromedin S(rat) is a 34-amino acids peptide from rat Neuromedin S. Neuromedin S. Neuromedin S is a neuropeptide isolated from rat brain, acts as ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor FM4/TGR-1[1]
BRD6688 is a selective HDAC2 inhibitor. BRD6688 increases H4K12 and H3K9 histone acetylation in primary mouse neuronal cells. BRD6688 crosses the blood brain barrier and rescues the memory defects associated with p25 induced neurodegeneration in contextual fear conditioning in a CK-p25 mouse model[1].