Vanoxerine dihydrochloride is a potent and selective dopamine reuptake inhibitor.
A potent, selective choline kinase α (ChoKα) inhibitor with IC50 of 0.12 uM, >400-fold selectivity over ChoKβ; demonstrates in vitro antiproliferative activity against HT29 cells with IC50 of 2.08 uM.
Orphanin FQ(1-11), a orphanin FQ or nociceptin (OFQ/N) fragment, is a potent NOP receptor (ORL-1; OP4) agonist, with a Ki of 55 nM. Orphanin FQ(1-11) has no affinity for μ, δ, κ1 and κ3 receptors (Ki>1000 nM). Orphanin FQ(1-11) is analgesic in CD-1 mice[1][2].
(R)-JNJ-31020028 is a high affinity, selective brain penetrant neuropeptide Y Y2 receptor antagonist, with pIC50 values of 8.07, 8.22 and 8.21 for human, rat, and mouse Y2 receptor, respectively. (R)-JNJ-31020028 shows >100-fold selective versus human Y1, Y4, and Y5 receptors. (R)-JNJ-31020028 has antidepressant like effects[1][2].
Tampramine fumarate is a potent, selective, noncompetitive NE reuptake inhibitor. Tampramine fumarate has antidepressant activity. Tampramine fumarate can be used in research of depression[1].
Eltoprazine (DU 28853) dihydrochloride is a 5-HT1A/5-HT1B receptors agonist and a 5-HT2C receptor antagonist. Eltoprazine dihydrochloride shows antiaggressive and anxiogenic effects[1][2].
Rocuronium Bromide is an aminosteroid non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker or muscle relaxant used in modern anaesthesia, to facilitate endotracheal intubation and to provide skeletal musclerelaxation during surgery or mechanical ventilation.IC50 Value:in vitro: Rocuronium reduced the indirectly elicited twitch tensions in normal (50% inhibitory concentration [IC(50)], 9.84 [9.64-10.04] μM, mean [95% confidence interval]) and all pretreated diaphragms (P < .01, n = 6) in a concentration-dependent fashion [1]. The ED95 of rocuronium is essentially the same for children as for adults. Its duration of action is similar to vecuronium, and it is shorter for children than for adults. Rocuronium is readily reversed with conventional doses of cholinesterase-inhibiting drugs [2]. Onset time until maximum block, duration until 25% recovery of twitch height, and recovery from 25 until 75% of twitch height were 1.7 (32), 53 (19) and 20 (37) min, respectively [3].in vivo: Only 8.7 +/- 5.7% (SD) and 6.0 +/- 2.8% of an injected dose of ORG 9426 and ORG 9616 was excreted into the urine, respectively. Conversely, 54.4 +/- 9.2% and 52.4 +/- 9.2% of an injected dose of ORG 9426 and 35.7 +/- 12.2% and 46.8 +/- 9.7% of ORG 9616 were excreted into the bile in cats without and with renal pedicle ligation, respectively [4].
Ropinirole hydrochloride(SKF101468 hydrochloride) a selective dopamine D2 receptor inhibitor with IC50 of 29 nM.Target: Dopamine D2 ReceptorRopinirole (50 mg/kg, i.p.) causes biphasic spontaneous locomotor activity in mice. Ropinirole (0.05-1.0 mg/kg SC) dose-dependently inhibits the dyskinesias induced by 2-di-n-propylamino-5,6-di-hydroxytetralin in mice. Ropirtirole, at doses of 1 and 10 μg, injected unilaterally directly into the striatum of the rat causes marked, contralateral (away from the side of injection) asymmetry and circling in mice. Ropinirole (0.05-1.0 mg/kg SC or 0.1 mg/kg PO) reverses all motor and behavioural deficits induced by MPTP in marmosets [1]. Ropinirole (2 mg/kg, i.p.) for 7 days increases GSH, catalase and SOD activities in the striatum and protected striatal dopaminergic neurons against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in mice [2]. Ropinirole (0.2 mg/kg, i.p.) improves the use of previously akinetic forelimb and produced robust circling behavior in lesioned rats with striatal over-expression of both D2R and D3R compared to lesioned animals that received blank vector. The subtherapeutic dose of ropinirole generates only modest motor effects in lesioned rats with sole over-expression of D2R or D3R [3]. Ropinirole (1-8 mg t.i.d.) is rapidly and completely absorbed with oral bioavailability of 55%, clearance of 780 mL/min, elimination half-life of 6 hours in healthy volunteer. Since the major route of elimination for Ropinirole is by the CYP enzyme system, mainly by CYP1A2 and also by CYP3A4, inhibition of the former and possibly the latter may reduce the agent's clearance and lead to drug accumulation [4].
Mad1 (6-21) is the 6-21 fragment of Mad1 protein. Mad1 (6-21) binds to mammalian Sin3A PAH2 with a Kd of ~29 nM[1].
GAT-211 (GAT211) is a selective cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R) positive allosteric modulator with pKb of 7.26, Arrestin2 EC50 of 775 nM; engages CB1R allosteric site(s), enhances the binding of the orthosteric full agonist [3H]CP55,490, and reduces the binding of the orthosteric antagonist/inverse agonist [3H]SR141716A; displayed both PAM and agonist activity in HEK293A and Neuro2a cells expressing human recombinant CB1R (hCB1R) and in mouse-brain membranes rich in native CB1R.
ERB-196 is a nonsteroidal selective estrogen receptor-β (ERβ) agonist.
Saredutant is a selective NK2 receptor antagonist.
Myristoyl-(Lys12,27,28)-VIP-Gly-Gly-Thr (free acid) is a high-affinity and selective VPAC2 receptor antagonist[1].
Physalaemin, a non-mammalian tachykinin, binds selectively to neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor with high affinity.
Curculigoside is the main saponin in C. orchioide, exerts significant antioxidant, anti-osteoporosis, antidepressant and neuroprotection effects. Curculigoside possesses significant anti-arthritic effects in vivo and in vitro via regulation of the JAK/STAT/NF-κB signaling pathway[1].
MRS1220, a highly potent and selective human A3 adenosine receptor (hA3AR) antagonist with a Ki of 0.59 nM, has therapeutic potential for the research of diseases of the central nervous system[1]. MRS1220 reduces glioblastoma tumor size and blood vessel formation in vivo[2].
BF 227 is a candidate for an amyloid imaging probe for PET, with a Ki of 4.3 nM for Aβ1-42 fibrils.
WAY-100135 dihydrochloride is a selective antagonist at presynaptic and postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptor, with an IC50 of 34 nM at the rat hippocampal 5-HT1A receptor. WAY-100135 dihydrochloride has potential antipsychotic properties[1][2].
Ro 41-3290 is the desethylated derivative of Ro 41-3696, which is a nonbenzodiazepine partial agonist at the benzodiazepine receptor. Ro 41-3290 is an investigational hypnotic.
Aloenin (Aloenin A) is a class of anthraquinones isolated from Aloe arborescens. Aloenin has potent peroxyl radical-scavenging activities and moderate inhibitory active on β-secretase (BACE)[1][2].
LY 344864 racemate is a 5-HT1F receptor agonist extracted from patent US 5708187 A.
ACT-709478 is a potent, selective, oral active, and brain penetrating T-type calcium channel blocker, with IC50s of 6.4, 18, 7.5 and 2410 nM for Cav3.1, Cav3.2, Cav3.3, Cav1.2, respectively. ACT-709478 is effective on rat and mice, dog, and cynomolgus T-type calcium channel, with no significant species differences. ACT-709478 is used in the research of generalized epilepsies[1].
(E)-10-Hydroxynortriptyline (E-10-OH-NT) is a metabolite of Nortriptyline (HY-B1417). Nortriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant and the main active metabolite of Amitriptyline, and is used to relieve the symptoms of depression[1].
Shinjulactone M is a quassinoid isolated from various parts of Ailanthus species. Ailanthus, an important genus of the Simaroubaceae family, can be used as an febrifuge (antimalarial) and anthelmintic, and is given for the research of chronic bronchitis, epilepsy and asthma[1].
Pi-Methylimidazoleacetic acid hydrochloride is a potential neurotoxin[1].
Dicarbine blocks dopamine receptors in various brain parts and prevents the depression of the conditioned defence reflexes caused by stimulation of the mesencephalic portion of the reticular formation. Dicarbine could be used to treat patients with schizophrenia and alcoholic psychosis in clinical[1][2].
KCC2 blocker 1 is an orally active and selective K+-Cl- cotransporter KCC2 blocker with an IC50 of 1 μM. KCC2 blocker 1 is a benzyl prolinate and has antiepileptic effect[1].
Ladostigil (TV-3326) hydrochloride is an orally active dual inhibitor of cholinesterase and brain-selective monoamine oxidase (MAO), with IC50s of 37.1 and 31.8 μM for MAO-B and AChE, respectively. Ladostigil hydrochloride exhibits neuroprotective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Ladostigil can be used for the research of depression and Alzheimer's disease[1][2].
L-Alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine (alpha-GPC, choline alfoscerate) is a natural choline compound found in the brain and in milk. It is also a parasympathomimetic acetylcholine precursor which may have potential for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and dementia.IC50 value:Target: Anti-ADAlpha-GPC rapidly delivers choline to the brain across the blood–brain barrier and is a biosynthetic precursor of the acetylcholine neurotransmitter. It is a non-prescription drug in most countries due to its Generally Recognised As Safe (GRAS) status [1]. Studies have investigated its efficacy for cognitive disorders including stroke and Alzheimer’s disease. An Italian multicentre clinical trial on 2,044 patients suffering from recent stroke were supplied alpha-GPC in doses of 1,000 mg/day for 28 days and 400 mg three times per day for the five ensuing months. The trial confirmed the therapeutic role of alpha-GPC on the cognitive recovery of patients based on four measurement scales, three of which reached statistical significance [2].
Hexasodium phytate (Phytic acid hexasodium) is a phosphorus storage compound of seeds and cereal grains. Hexasodium phytate has a strong ability to chelate multivalent metal ions, specially zinc, calcium, iron and as with protein residue. Hexasodium phytate inhibits the enzymatic superoxide source xanthine oxidase (XO), and has antioxidative, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory effects.