γ-Glu-Gly, a γ-glutamyl dipeptide, is a human lipid metabolite.γ-Glu-Gly has a similar structure to GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) and can act as an antagonist of excitatory amino acids[1][2][3].
AVE-8134 is a potent PPARα agonist, with EC50 values of 100 and 3000 nM for human and rodent PPARα receptor, respectively.
Oxyntomodulin (swine) is a dual agonist for GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) and glucagon receptor (GCGR), a peptide hormone released from the gut in post-prandial state. Oxyntomodulin (swine) suppresses appetite and reduces food intake[1][2][3].
Rosuvastatin lactone is a metabolite of Rosuvastatin (HY-17504A) (HMG-CoA inhibitor)[1].
Hippuric acid-15N (2-Benzamidoacetic acid-15N) is the 15N-labeled Hippuric acid. Hippuric Acid (2-Benzamidoacetic acid), an acyl glycine produced by the conjugation of benzoic acid and glycine, is a normal component in urine as a metabolite of aromatic compounds from food.
GLP-1R agonist 13 (Compound 24) is a GLP-1 receptor agonist[1].
5-Hydroxylansoprazole (AG1908) is an active metabolite of Lansoprazole in plasma. Lansoprazole is metabolized by CYP2C19 forming 5-Hydroxylansoprazole. Lansoprazole is a gastric proton-pump inhibitor and is effective in the treatment of various peptic diseases[1][2].
Glicoricone, a phenolic compound, is isolated from a species of licorice. Glicoricone is an inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO), with an IC50 of 140 μM. Glicoricone binds to estrogen receptor (ER) and shows estrogen antagonist activity[1][2].
ELX-02 disulfate (NB-124 disulfate) is an investigational, advanced synthetic eukaryotic ribosome selective glycoside (ERSG). ELX-02 disulfate is being developed as a therapy for genetic diseases caused by nonsense mutations[1].
Acanthopanaxoside A, a triterpenoid saponin, has pancreatic lipase inhibitory action[1].
Dasiglucagon is a novel human glucagon analog, and can increase plasma glucose. Dasiglucagon can be used in hypoglycemia research[1][2][3].
Cysteamine is an agent for the treatment of nephropathic cystinosis and an antioxidant.Target: OthersCysteamine has been shown to increase intracellular glutathione levels in cystinotic cells, thus restoring the altered redox state of the cells. Also increased rates of apoptosis in cystinotic cells, which are thought to be the result of increased caspase 3 and protein kinase Cε activity, is counteracted by Cysteamine administration. Cysteamine has antioxidant properties as a result of increasing glutathione production. Cysteamine is an excellent scavenger of OH and HOCl; it also reacts with H2O2. Cysteamine increases the production of several heat shock proteins (HSP), including the murine Hsp40. Cysteamine exerts a dose-dependent effect on the doxorubicin-induced death of cancer cells, measured in both HeLa cells and B16 cells, whereas Cysteamine treatment alone had no influence on cell survival. In addition, in a doxorubicin-resistant breast cancer cell line, the addition of Cysteamine to doxorubicin results in a dramatic increase in cell death [1]. Cysteamine (100 μM) significantly is able to increase the intracellular GSH levels and the percentage of embryos that developed to the blastocyst stage of culture matured oocytes [2].
N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine originates from tyrosine through an AA acetylase, is associated with aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency and tyrosinemia I.
W146 TFA is a selective antagonist of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) with an EC50 value of 398 nM.
LD-ATTEC4 (compound 4A) is a coupling compound that can bind to LC3, with a Kd of 0.39 μM for LC3B. LD-ATTEC4 can connect autophagosomes with lipid droplets, inducing autophagy to clear lipid droplets[1].
Tenapanor (AZD1722) hydrochloride is a potent and orally active sodium/hydrogen exchanger isoform 3 (NHE3) inhibitor. Tenapanor hydrochloride reduces intestinal phosphate absorption predominantly through reduction of passive paracellular phosphate flux. Tenapanor hydrochloride has the potential for the research of hyperphosphatemia[1][2].
Calcitriol D6 is the deuterated form of Calcitriol(1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3; Rocaltrol ), which is the hormonally active form of vitamin D, Calcitriol is the active metabolite of vitamin D3 that activates the vitamin D receptor (VDR).IC50 value:Target: vitamin D receptorCalcitriol(1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3; Rocaltrol ) displays calcemic actions. Calcitriol stimulates intestinal and renal Ca2+ absorption and regulates bone Ca2+ turnover. Calcitriol (1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3; Rocaltrol )exhibits antitumor activity; Calcitriol(1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3; Rocaltrol ) inhibits in vivo and in vitro cell proliferation in a wide range of cells including breast, prostate, colon, skin and brain carcinomas and myeloid leukemia cells.
13-Methylberberine chloride (13-Methylberberinium chloride), a berberine analogue, has anti-adipogenic and antitumor activities. 13-Methylberberine chloride (13-Methylberberinium chloride) increases production of IL-12 and inhibits the expression of iNOS at posttranscriptional level in macrophages activated with LPS[1][2][3].
AS1842856 is a potent and cell-permeable Foxo1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 30 nM.
Omeprazole magnesium is an orally active proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and can suppress gastric acid. Omeprazole magnesium can be used for acid reflux-related symptoms and frequent heartburn research[1][2].
Kudinoside D is a main natural component of triterpenoid saponin derived from Ilex kudingcha. Kudinoside D suppresses adipogenesis through modulation of the AMPK pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes[1].
MM 419447, a linaclotide metabolite, is a guanylate cyclase-C agonist. MM 419447 has the potential for the research of the irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C)[1].
Thioacetamide-S-oxide, a Thiocetamide metabolite, is a δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthetase inhibitor[1].
7-Acetoxy-4-bromomethylcoumarin acts as a fluorescence label for fatty acids.
FR-167356 is a potent, orally active and selective vacuolar ATPase inhibitor with IC50 values of 170, 220, 370, and 1200 nM for osteoclast plasma membranes, macrophage microsomes, renal brush border membranes, and liver lysosomal membranes, respectively. FR-167356 inhibits bone resorption and ovariectomy-induced bone loss[1].
Ac-DEVD-CMK (Caspase-3 Inhibitor III) is a selective and irreversible caspase-3 inhibitor. Ac-DEVD-CMK significantly inhibits apoptosis induced by high levels of glucose or 3,20-dibenzoate (IDB; HY-137295). Ac-DEVD-CMK can be used in a variety of experimental approaches to inhibit apoptosis[1][2][3].
URAT1 inhibitor 8 (example 247) is a potent URAT1 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.001 μM. URAT1 inhibitor 8 can be used for gout research[1].
Adipokinetic hormone Gryllus bimaculatus (Grybi-AKH) is an adipokinetic hormone that regulates energy homeostasis in insects by mobilizing lipid and carbohydrate from the fat body. Adipokinetic hormone Gryllus bimaculatus stimulates the locomotor activity of the two-spotted cricket. Adipokinetic hormone Gryllus bimaculatus can also be used in studies to regulate body weight, induce weight loss and alleviate glycogen storage disorders in humans[1][2][3].
Hydroflumethiazide (Methforylthiazidine) is an orally active and potent thiazide diuretic. Hydroflumethiazide possesses the ability to directly stimulate A cell secretion in the normal and alloxan diabetic pancreas[1][2][3].