Rafutrombopag diolamine is the derivative of Rafutrombopag. Rafutrombopag is a thrombopoietin receptor agonist[1].
Nrf2 activator-6, a tetrahydroisoquinoline compound, is a Nrf2 activator. Nrf2 activator-6 has an IC50 of 5 nM for inhibiting the Kelch domain-Nrf2 interaction (WO2021214470A1; Example 4)[1].
Asymmetric dimethylarginine is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and functions as a marker of endothelial dysfunction in a number of pathological states.
Amiodarone is an antiarrhythmic drug for inhibition of ATP-sensitive potassium channel with IC50 of 19.1 μM. Target: Potassium ChannelAmiodarone shows beta blocker-like and potassium channel blocker-like actions on the SA and AV nodes, increases the refractory period via sodium- and potassium-channel effects, and slows intra-cardiac conduction of the cardiac action potential, via sodium-channel effects. Amiodarone (2-butyl, 3-(4-diethylaminoethoxy, 3,5-diiodo, benzoyl) benzofuran hydrochloride), an anti-anginal drug which causes coronary dilatation and depresses myocardial oxygen consumption, was found to protect anaesthetized guinea-pigs against ouabain-induced ventricular fibrillation.2. A 5% (73.4 mM) solution of amiodarone had no local anaesthetic action on guinea-pig skin [1]. Amiodarone proved safe in patients with severe congestive heart failure and severe myocardial damage. Its clinical efficacy was related to its electrophysiologic properties and to two unique properties: its wide safety margin and its cumulative effect [2].
BM121307 is a guanylate cyclase activator that was in phase I development for the treatment of ischaemic heart disorders. The research has been discontinued.
Emicizumab is a bispecific monoclonal antibody that bridges activated factor IX and factor X to replace the function of missing activated factor VIII, thereby restoring hemostasis. Emicizumab can be used for hemophilia A research[1].
APJ receptor agonist 7 (compound 37) is a potent and orally active APJ (apelin receptor) agonist, with Ki of 0.059 μM. APJ receptor agonist 7 has EC50 values of 0.070 , 0.097, and 0.063 μM for calcium, cAMP, and β-arrestin, respectively[1].
GW7647 is a potent PPARα agonist, with EC50s of 6 nM, 1.1 μM, and 6.2 μM for human PPARα, PPARγ and PPARδ, respectively.
VU0134992 hydrochloride is the first subtype-preferring, orally active and selective Kir4.1 potassium channel pore blocker, with an IC50 of 0.97 µM. VU0134992 hydrochloride is 9-fold selective for homomeric Kir4.1 over Kir4.1/5.1 concatemeric channels (IC50=9 µM) at -120 mV[1].
Mioflazine is an orally active nucleoside transport inhibitor, can be used to treat sleep disorders. Mioflazine inhibits nucleoside uptake[1][2].
Dipyridamole (Persantine) is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells.Target: Phosphodiesterase (PDE)Dipyridamole concentrations of 1 nmol/ml blood caused 90% inhibition of adenosine metabolism. Dipyridamole at therapeutic concentrations causes significant inhibition of adenosine metabolism in whole blood [1]. Dipyridamole has a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on thromboxane synthesis which was independent of aggregation. Dipyridamole also inhibited malonyldialdehyde production in response to both thrombin and arachidonic acid [2]. Dipyridamole enhances platelet inhibition by amplifying the signaling of the NO donor sodium nitroprusside. These data support the concept that enhancement of endothelium-dependent NO/cGMP-mediated signaling may be an important in vivo component of dipyridamole action [3].
Adrenomedullin (AM) (13-52), human is a 40 amino acid peptide, which acts as an endothelium-dependent vasodilator agent.
Zinc Pyrithione is an antifungal and antibacterial agent disrupting membrane transport by blocking the proton pump.Target: Proton PumpZinc pyrithione is considered as a coordination complex of zinc. The pyrithione ligands, which are formally monoanions, are chelated to Zn 2+ via oxygen and sulfur centers. In the crystalline state, zinc pyrithione exists as a centrosymmetric dimer, where each zinc is bonded to two sulfur and three oxygen centers. In solution, however, the dimers dissociate via scission of one Zn-O bond. Zinc pyrithione, which is a dimer but is probably biologically active as a monomer, induces plasma membrane depolarization with half-maximal effect (K1/2) of about 0.3 mM [1]. Zinc pyrithione is an unusual synthetic potentiator that potently activates both heterologous and native M channels by inducing channel opening at the resting potential [2]. Zinc pyrithione rapidly accumulated in the tissues of the exposed mussels, proportionately to both exposure concentration and time. Even though the 7-d median lethal concentration (LC50) = 8.27 μM established here appears high with respect to reported ZnPT environmental concentrations, the results indicate that this biocide could represent a threat for marine organisms in coastal environments and that further investigations on its biological effects at sublethal doses are needed [3].
AK-IN-1 (compound 4072-2732) is an adenosine kinase (AK) inhibitor that is competitive for adenosine (Ado) but not for ATP. AK-IN-1 inhibits 86%, 87% and 89% of AK activity at concentrations of 2, 4 and 10 µM, respectively. AK-IN-1 has good potential for research in many disease areas, including ischaemia, inflammation and seizures[1].
ERK5-IN-2 is an orally active, sub-micromolar, selective ERK5 inhibitor with IC50s of 0.82 μM, 3 μM for ERK5 and ERK5 MEF2D, respectively. ERK5-IN-2 does not interact with the BRD4 bromodomain. ERK5-IN-2 suppresses both tumor xenograft growth and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) driven Matrigel plug angiogenesis[1].
Budiodarone (ATI-2042) tartrate is a chemical analogue of Amiodarone (HY-14187) with balanced, multiple cardiac ion channel (potassium, sodium and calcium channels) inhibiting activity. Budiodarone tartrate is an antiarrhythmic agent[1].
Implitapide (AEGR 427) is a microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) inhibitor.
Chroman 1 is a highly potent ROCK2 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 1 nM.
Phentolamine-d4 (Phentolamine-d4) hydrochloride is the deuterium labeled Phentolamine hydrochloride. Phentolamine hydrochloride is a reversible, non-selective, and orally active blocker of α1 and α2 adrenergic receptor that expands blood vessels to reduce peripheral vascular resistance. Phentolamine hydrochloride can be used for the research of pheochromocytoma-related hypertension, heart failure and erectile dysfunction[1][2][3].
L-Xylulose is an endogenous metabolite present in Blood, Cerebrospinal_Fluid and Urine that can be used for the research of Ribose 5 Phosphate Isomerase Deficiency[1][2].
Palmitic acid-13C2 is the 13C-labeled Palmitic acid. Palmitic acid is a long-chain saturated fatty acid commonly found in both animals and plants. Palmitic acid can induce the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) in in mouse granulosa cells[1][2].
Iopromide is a water-soluble, non-ionic, monomeric, low-osmolar, iodine-based contrast medium for intravascular administration.
TGX-155 (AZ12649385) is a selective inhibitor of PI3Kβ. TGX-155 has potential applications in antithrombotic therapy[1][2][3].
Kaempferol 3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside (Trifolin) is a derivative of flavonoid, which is isolated from the aerial part of Consolida oliveriana[1].
Inogatran is a synthetic thrombin inhibitor, developed for the possible treatment and prophylaxis of arterial and venous thrombotic diseases.
Neuropeptide Y (18-36) (porcine) is a competitive neuropeptide Y (NPY) cardiac receptor antagonist. Neuropeptide Y (18-36) (porcine) inhibits the binding of I-NPY to rat cardiac ventricular membranes in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 158 nM and an Ki value of 140 nM. Neuropeptide Y (18-36) (porcine) can be used for the research of congestive heart failure[1].
Hederagenin 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester, a triterpenoid saponin isolated from Ilex cornuta, exhibits protective effects against H2O2-induced myocardial cell injury[1].
PF-3882845 is a remarkably high affinity selective and orally efficacious mineralocorticoid receptor (MR binding IC50=2.7 nM) antagonist for hypertension and nephropathy. PF-3882845 also binds to progesterone receptor (PR) with the binding IC50 of 310 nM[1].
Aliskiren hemifumarate(CGP 60536) is a direct renin inhibitor with IC50 of 1.5 nM.IC50 value: 1.5 nM [1]Target: reninin vitro: Aliskiren hemifumarate appears to bind to both the hydrophobic S1/S3-binding pocket and to a large, distinct subpocket that extends from the S3-binding site towards the hydrophobic core of renin. Oral bioavailability of Aliskiren hemifumarate is 2.4% in rats, 16% in marmosets and about 2.5% in humans [2].in vivo: Aliskiren hemifumarate (< 10 mg/kg, oral) inhibits plasma renin activity and lowers blood pressure in sodium-depleted marmosets[3].Once-daily oral treatment with Aliskiren hemifumarate lowers blood pressure effectively, with a safety and tolerability profile, in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension[4].
Thrombin Receptor Activator for Peptide 5 (TRAP-5) is also called Coagulation Factor II Receptor (1-5) or Proteinase Activated Receptor 1 (1-5), used in the research of coronary heart disease (CHD).