Emamectin Benzoate (MK-244) works as a chloride channel activator by binding gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor and glutamate-gated chloride channels disrupting nerve signals within arthropods.
mGAT3/4-IN-2 (compound 27b) is a potent mGAT3/mGAT4 inhibitor, with pIC50 values of 5.44 and 5.25, respectively[1].
(+)-Kavain, a main kavalactone extracted from Piper methysticum, has anticonvulsive properties, attenuating vascular smooth muscle contraction through interactions with voltage-dependent Na+ and Ca2+ channels[1]. (+)-Kavain is shown to bind at the α4β2δ GABAA receptor and potentiate GABA efficacy[2]. (+)-Kavain is used as a treatment for inflammatory diseases, its anti-inflammatory action has been widely studied[4].
(2S)-6-Prenylnaringenin is the most efficient compound in forebrain. (2S)-6-Prenylnaringenin acts as a GABAA positive allosteric modulator at α+β- binding interface[1].
Etiocholanolone (5β-Androsterone) is the excreted metabolite of testosterone and has anticonvulsant activity[1]. Etiocholanolone is a less potent neurosteroid positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of the GABAA receptor than its enantiomer form[2].
Loreclezole, an antiepileptic compound, is a selective GABAA receptor modulator and acts as a positive allosteric modulator of β2 or β3-subunit containing receptors[1][2].
GABAA receptor agent 5 (compound 018) is a potent γ-GABAAR antagonist with an Ki of 0.020 µM. GABAA receptor agent 5 shows γ-GABAAR antagonist activity with low cellular membrane permeability[1].
U-101017 is a partial agonist of benzodiazepine receptor and GABAA receptor, with anxiolytic effects.
ONO-8590580 is a GABAA α5 negative allosteric modulator.
Nefiracetam is a GABAergic, cholinergic, and monoaminergic neuronal systems enhancer for Ro 5-4864-induced convulsions.Target: GABA ReceptorNefiracetam induces a short-term depression of ACh-evoked currents at submicromolar concentrations (0.01-0.1 μM) and a long-term enhancement of the currents at micromolar concentrations (1-10 μM). Nefiracetam interacts with PKA and PKC pathways, which may explain a cellular mechanism for the action of cognition-enhancing agents. Lower (submicromolar) concentrations of the nootropic Nefiracetam reduces ACh-evoked currents to 30% (0.01 μM) and 38% (0.1 μM) of control after a 10-minute treatment [1].Nefiracetam administered orally inhibits Ro 5-4864-induced convulsions in EL mice. Nefiracetam also efficiently inhibits Ro 5-4864-induced convulsions in DDY mice at doses higher than 10 mg/kg [2]. Nefiracetam administered daily 1 hour before each training session facilitates the acquisition process of the avoidance response [3].
L-DABA (L-2,4-Diaminobutyric acid) is a week GABA transaminase inhibitor with an IC50 of larger than 500 μM; exhibits antitumor activity in vivo and in vitro.
Chloralose is widely used in neuroscience and veterinary medicine as an anesthetic and sedative.
TP003 is a non-selective benzodiazepine site agonist with EC50s of 20.3, 10.6, 3.24, 5.64 nM for α1β2γ2, α2β3γ2, α3β3γ2, α5β2γ2, respectively. TP003 induces anxiolysis via α2GABAA receptors[1].
α-Conotoxin PeIA is an analgesic α-conotoxin.α-Conotoxin PeIA inhibits the α6β4, α9α10 and α3β2 nAChR.α-Conotoxin PeIA is also a potent inhibitor of N-type calcium channel via GABAB receptor activation[1][2][3].
2'MeO6MF is a brain-penetrant positive allosteric modulator at α2β1γ2L and all α1-containing GABAA receptors. 2'MeO6MF also can directly activate α2β2/3 and α2β2/3γ2L GABAA receptors. 2'MeO6MF has anxiolytic and sedative effects. 2'MeO6MF offers neuroprotection and improved functional recovery and dampens the stroke-induced inflammatory response[1][2].
Alpidem selectively binds to α1β2γ2 subunit-containing GABAA receptor with an IC50 of 17 nM and exerts anxiolytic effect[1].
GABA-AT-IN-1 (Compound 6) is a γ-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase (GABA-AT) inhibitor and significantly elevates the mouse brain GABA level. GABA-AT-IN-1 has the ability to cross the BBB and can be used as an anticonvulsant[1].
Etiocholanolone-d2 is the deuterium labeled Etiocholanolone. Etiocholanolone (5β-Androsterone) is the excreted metabolite of testosterone and has anticonvulsant activity[1]. Etiocholanolone is a less potent neurosteroid positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of the GABAA receptor than its enantiomer form[2][3].
(-)-α-Pinene is a monoterpene and shows sleep enhancing property through a direct binding to GABAA-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors by acting as a partial modulator at the BZD binding site[1].
Remimazolam (CNS-7056) is a short-acting GABA(A) receptor agonist[1].
Inaperisone is a centrally acting muscle relaxant. Inaperisone inhibits the micturition reflex by acting indirectly on GABAB receptors in the brainstem[1].
Bodipy TMR-X muscimol is a Bodipy labeled Muscimol (HY-N2313) (Ex=543 nm, Em=572 nm). Muscimol is a GABAA agonist. Bodipy TMR-X muscimol can be used for imaging the spread of reversible brain inactivations[1].
Carburazepam is a drug which derives from benzodiazepine. Benzodiazepines (BZD, BZs) are a class of psychoactive drugs whose core chemical structure is the fusion of a benzene ring and a diazepine ring.
CGS 20625 is a potent, selective and orally active partial agonist for the central benzodiazepine receptor. CGS 20625 inhibits [3H]-flunitrazepam binding to central benzodiazepine receptors with an IC50 of 1.3 nM. CGS 20625 can be used for the research of pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures[1].
L-DABA (L-2,4-Diaminobutyric acid) hydrobromide is a week GABA transaminase inhibitor with an IC50 of larger than 500 μM; exhibits antitumor activity in vivo and in vitro.
LU-32-176B, a GABA transporter 1(GAT1) selective inhibitor, is found to exert a synergistic anticonvulsant action with GAT2 transport inhibitor EF1502. LU-32-176B inhibits neurons, astrocytes and mGAT1 with the IC50 values of 2μM, 1μM, 4μM, respectively[1][2].
SB-205384 is a GABAA receptor modulator. The primary effect of SB-205384 on GABAA-activated currents is a prolonged response decay half-life upon removal of the agonist[1].
DMCM (hydrochloride) is Benzodiazepine inverse agonist that displays anxiogenic and potent convulsant activity.The reference for administration is ranging 0.4 from 0.8 mg/kg .DMCM (hydrochloride) was shown to bind to GABAA/benzodiazepine receptors in the rat brain with high affinity.DMCM (hydrochloride) can inhibit pain and learning in rats.
2'-O-Methylisoliquiritigenin, isolated from the Arachis species, up-regulates 5-HT, NE, DA and GABA pathways, but does not put a very significant effect on ne NE pathway[1].
Miltirone is a natural compound present in the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Miltirone is a central benzodiazepine receptor partial agonist, with an IC50 of 0.3 μM[1].