(S)-Donepezil is a S-enantiomer of Donepezil (HY-14566). Donepezil is a specific and potent AChE inhibitor[1][2].
Se-Methylselenocysteine hydrochloride, a precursor of Methylselenol, has potent cancer chemopreventive activity and anti-oxidant activity. Se-Methylselenocysteine hydrochloride is orally bioavailable, and induces apoptosis[1][2].
Spinosad, a mixture of spinosyns A and D known as fermentation products of a soil actinomycete (Saccharopolyspora spinosa), is a biological neurotoxic insecticide with a broader action spectrum. Spinosad targets the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChRs) of the insect nervous system. Spinosad has an excellent environmental and mammalian toxicological profile. Larvicidal activity[1][2][3].
Sibutramine hydrochloride monohydrate is a novel 5-HT (serotonin) and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). The IC50 for Sibutramine block of voltage-gated K+ channel (KV)4.3 is 17.3 μM.
mAChR antagonist 1 (compound 4a) is a mAChR antagonist with Ki values of 255 nM, 121 nM, 158 nM, and 255 nM for M1, M3, M4, and M5 subtype, respectively[1].
PW0464, a nanomolar potent complete G protein biased ligand, is a noncatechol D1R agonist, with an EC50 of 5.8 nM (Gs-cAMP)[1].
PD-168077 maleate is a selective dopamine D4 receptor agonist, with a Ki of 9 nM.
LY-272015 hydrochloride is an orally active, specific 5-HT2B receptor antagonist. LY-272015 hydrochloride completely inhibits the phosphorylation of ERK2 induced by 5-HT or BW723C86. LY-272015 hydrochloride is antihypertensive in Deoxycorticosterone Acetate (DOCA)-salt-hypertensive rats[1][2].
1-Phenyl-2-pyrrolidinone (1-Phenylpyrrolidin-2-one) is a phenyl analogue of GABA with sedative effect, decreasing the exploratory behavior of rats at 50-100 mg/kg (i.v.). 1-Phenyl-2-pyrrolidinone also has been proved to inhibit emotional reactions in dogs and cats. 1-Phenyl-2-pyrrolidinone induces decreases in the pressor reaction to emotional stress without accompanied by normalization of the function of baroreceptor reflexes[1][2].
Primidone is an anticonvulsant of the pyrimidinedione class.Target: GABA ReceptorPrimidone is an anticonvulsant of the pyrimidinedione class, the active metabolites of which, phenobarbital (minor) and phenylethylmalonamide (PEMA) (major), are also anticonvulsants. It is believed to work via interactions with voltage-gated sodium channels which inhibit high-frequency repetitive firing of action potentials [1]. The effect of primidone in essential tremor is not mediated by PEMA.[76] The major metabolite, phenobarbital, is also a potent anticonvulsant in its own right and likely contributes to primidone's effects in many forms of epilepsy [2]. Primidone and the other enzyme-inducing anticonvulsants can cut the half-life of antipyrine roughly in half (6.2 ± 1.9 h vs. 11.2 ± 4.2 h), and increases the clearance rate by almost 70%. Phenobarbital reduces the half-life to 4.8 ± 1.3 and increases the clearance by almost 109% [3].
Vabicaserin hydrochloride is a 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C (5-HT2C) receptor-selective agonist with an EC50 of 8 nM.
(Z)-Thiothixene is an antagonist of serotonergic receptor extracted from patent US 20150141345 A1.
Syk Inhibitor II dihydrochloride dihydrate is a potent, high selective and ATP-competitive Syk inhibitor with an IC50 of 41 nM. Syk Inhibitor II dihydrochloride dihydrate inhibits 5-HT release from RBL-cells with an IC50 of 460 nM. Syk Inhibitor II dihydrochloride dihydrate shows less potent against other kinases and has anti-allergic effect[1].
(Rac)-Levomepromazine-d3 ((Rac)-Methotrimeprazine-d3) hydrochloride is a labelled racemic Methotrimeprazine, which is a phenothiazine which has antagonist actions at multiple neurotransmitter receptor sites, including dopaminergic, cholinergic, serotonin and histamine receptors[1][2].
Dapoxetine HCl is a short-acting novel selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor(SSRI).Target: SSRIDapoxetine hydrochloride is a short-acting novel selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor marketed for the treatment of premature ejaculation in men. Premature ejaculation (PE) is the most common male sexual disorder, estimated to affect up to 30% of men. Dapoxetine is the only drug with regulatory approval for such an indication. The treatment of PE consists of primarily off-label use of oral selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) via either on-demand or daily delivery.
Velusetrag (TD-5108) is an orally active, potent and selective agonist of serotonin 5-HT4 receptor (5-HT4R), with a pKi of 7.7. Velusetrag exhibits no affinity (Ki>10 μM) for 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B receptors. Velusetrag can be used for the research of gastrointestinal diseases and Parkinson's disease[1][2][3][4][5].
Gluten exorphin C is an opioid peptide derived from wheat gluten. Its IC50 values are 40 μM and 13.5 μM for μ opioid and δ opioid activities in the GPI and MVD assays, respectively.
Homatropine Bromide is muscarinic AChR antagonist that is an anticholinergic medication.Target: mAChRHomatropine is an anticholinergic medication that is an antagonist at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and thus the parasympathetic nervous system. Homatropine (20 μM) alone produces a dose ratio of 259 in atrium from guinea-pigs. Homatropine (20 μM) produces a dose ratio of only 95.0 when combined with hexamethonium in atrium from guinea-pigs [1]. Homatropine has similar affinities for muscarinic receptors in stomach (pA2 = 7.13) and for those in atria mediating force (pA2 = 7.21) and rate (pA2 = 7.07) responses [2]. Homatropine [14C]methylbromide administrated rectal achieves higher and rapid peak plasma concentrations than by the other routes in rats whether HMB-14C is administered in a water-soluble suppository base or in aqueous solution, retained 28% of the 14C has been excreted in the urine while 56% remained in the large intestine after 12 hours. Unlabelled Homatropine methylbromide, given in rectal suppositories to anaesthetized rats, causes prompt blockade of the effects of vagal stimulation on pulse rate and of intravenous acetylcholine on blood pressure [3].
JNJ-61432059 is an oral active and selective negative modulator of AMPAR associated with trans-membrane AMPAR regulatory protein (TARP) γ-8, with a pIC50 of 9.7 for GluA1/γ-8. Exhibits time- and dose-dependent AMPAR/γ-8 receptor occupancy in mouse hippocampus, resulting in robust seizure protection in corneal kindling and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) anticonvulsant models[1].
Naloxegol oxalate (NKTR-118 oxalate; AZ-13337019 oxalate) is an opioid-receptor antagonist[1].
Corydaline is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor isolated from Corydalis yanhusuo.
N-Arachidonoylserotonin (Arachidonyl serotonin; AA-5-HT) is a potent fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 1~12 µM. N-Arachidonoylserotonin acts also as an antagonist of transient receptor potential vanilloid-type 1 (TRPV1) channels (IC50=70~100 nM). N-Arachidonoylserotonin is analgesic in rodents [1].
Polygalacic acid, is a triterpene, isolated from the root of Polygala tenuifolia Willd. Polygalacic acid inhibits MMP expression. Polygalacic acid may have a therapeutic effect in Osteoarthritis (OA) treatment [1]. Polygalacic acid exerts a significant neuroprotective effect on cognitive impairment, PA improves cholinergic system reactivity by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, increasing choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity, and elevating levels of acetylcholine (Ach) in the hippocampus and frontal cortex[2].
Dynorphin B (1-9) is a neuropeptide and N-terminal cleavage product of dynorphin B. The formation of dynorphin B (1-9) is blocked by N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), a non-selective inhibitor of cysteine peptidases[1].
(2R,3R)-Chlorpheg is a week antagonist of L-homocysteic acid (L-HCA) induced depolarization.(2R,3R)-Chlorpheg also is a weak N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist[1].
Sepimostat dimethanesulfonate (FUT-187) exhibits neuroprotective activity via NR2B N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonism at the Ifenprodil-binding site of the NR2B subunit. Sepimostat dimethanesulfonate inhibits the Ifenprodil binding with a Ki value of 27.7 µM[1].
MAO-IN-M30 dihydrochloride is an orally active, brain-permeable, and brain selective irreversible MAO-A (IC50=37 nM) and MAO-B (IC50=57 nM) inhibitor. MAO-IN-M30 dihydrochloride is a potent iron chelator and radical scavenger. MAO-IN-M30 dihydrochloride has a neuroprotective effect against Dexamethasone-induced brain cell apoptosis. MAO-IN-M30 dihydrochloride also exhibits neurorestorative activity in post MPTP and lactacystin models of Parkinson's disease[1][2][3].
A highly selective, potent, BBB penetrant and orally bioavailable 5-HT6R antagonist for the treatment of neurological disorders such as AD and schizophrenia; significantly restores both scopolamine- and MK-801-induced cognitive dysfunction and demonstrates antipsychotic potential. Alzheimer Disease Phase 2 Clinical
PD 120697 is an orally active dopamine (DA) agonist. PD 120697 inhibits striatal DA synthesis, DA neuronal firing, spontaneous locomotor activity, and reverses Reserpine (HY-N0480)-induced depression[1].
AChE/BuChE-IN-3 (compound C4) is a potent and blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetrant AChE and BuChE dual inhibitor with IC50s of 0.65 μM and 5.77 μM for AChE and BuChE. AChE/BuChE-IN-3 also inhibits Aβ1-42 aggregation. AChE/BuChE-IN-3 has effectively neuroprotective activities and nearly no toxicity on SH-SY5Y cells. AChE/BuChE-IN-3 can be used for researching Alzheimer's disease[1].