Metabolic pathways are enzyme-mediated biochemical reactions that lead to biosynthesis (anabolism) or breakdown (catabolism) of natural product small molecules within a cell or tissue. In each pathway, enzymes catalyze the conversion of substrates into structurally similar products. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation. Metabolism maintains the living state of the cells and the organism.

Proteases are used throughout an organism for various metabolic processes. Proteases control a great variety of physiological processes that are critical for life, including the immune response, cell cycle, cell death, wound healing, food digestion, and protein and organelle recycling. On the basis of the type of the key amino acid in the active site of the protease and the mechanism of peptide bond cleavage, proteases can be classified into six groups: cysteine, serine, threonine, glutamic acid, aspartate proteases, as well as matrix metalloproteases. Proteases can not only activate proteins such as cytokines, or inactivate them such as numerous repair proteins during apoptosis, but also expose cryptic sites, such as occurs with β-secretase during amyloid precursor protein processing, shed various transmembrane proteins such as occurs with metalloproteases and cysteine proteases, or convert receptor agonists into antagonists and vice versa such as chemokine conversions carried out by metalloproteases, dipeptidyl peptidase IV and some cathepsins. In addition to the catalytic domains, a great number of proteases contain numerous additional domains or modules that substantially increase the complexity of their functions.

Imbalances in metabolic activities have been found to be critical in a number of pathologies, such as cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases.

References:
[1] Turk B, et al. EMBO J. 2012 Apr 4;31(7):1630-43.
[2] Eatemadi A, et al. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017 Feb;86:221-231.


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15-PGDH 5 alpha Reductase 5-Lipoxygenase Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Acyltransferase Adenosine Deaminase Adenosine Kinase Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Aldose Reductase Aminopeptidase Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) ATGL ATP Citrate Lyase Carbonic Anhydrase Carboxypeptidase Cathepsin CETP COMT Cytochrome P450 Dipeptidyl Peptidase Dopamine β-hydroxylase E1/E2/E3 Enzyme Elastase Enolase FAAH FABP Factor Xa Farnesyl Transferase Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) FXR Glucokinase GSNOR Gutathione S-transferase HCV Protease Hexokinase HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase HIV Integrase HIV Protease HMG-CoA Reductase (HMGCR) HSP Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) Lactate Dehydrogenase LXR MAGL Mineralocorticoid Receptor Mitochondrial Metabolism MMP Nampt NEDD8-activating Enzyme Neprilysin PAI-1 PDHK PGC-1α Phosphatase Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Phospholipase Procollagen C Proteinase Proteasome Pyruvate Kinase RAR/RXR Renin ROR Ser/Thr Protease SGK Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) Thrombin Tryptophan Hydroxylase Tyrosinase Xanthine Oxidase
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MMP-2 Inhibitor II

MMP-2 Inhibitor II (compound 2) is a selective MMP-2 inhibitor. The Kinetic parameters for MMP inhibition are 2.4 μM (MMP-2), 45 μM (MMP-1), and 379 μM (MMP-7), respectively[1].

  • CAS Number: 869577-51-5
  • MF: C16H17NO6S2
  • MW: 383.439
  • Catalog: MMP
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 591.7±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 311.6±32.9 °C

BAY-1436032

BAY-1436032 is a novel pan-mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) inhibitor.

  • CAS Number: 1803274-65-8
  • MF: C26H30F3N3O3
  • MW: 489.53
  • Catalog: Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH)
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Ro 28-1675

Ro 28-1675 (Ro 0281675) is a potent allosteric GK activator with a SC1.5 value of 0.24± 0.0019 uM. IC50 value: 0.24± 0.0019 uM (SC1.5) [1]Target: Glucokinase activatorThe R stereoisomer Ro 28-1675 activated GK with a SC1.5 of 0.24 uM, while the S isomer did not activated GK up to 10 uM. Oral administration of Ro 28-1675 (50 mg/Kg) to male C57B1/6J mice caused a statistically significant reduction in fasting glucose levels and improvement in glucose tolerance relative to the vehicle treated animals [1]. Comparison of rat PK parameters indicated that Ro 28-1675 displayed lower clearance and higher oral bioavailability compared to 9a. Following a single oral dose, Ro 28-1675 reduced fasting and postprandial glucose levels following an OGTT, was well tolerated, and displayed no adverse effects related to drug administration other than hypoglycemia at the maximum dose (400 mg). [1]

  • CAS Number: 300353-13-3
  • MF: C18H22N2O3S2
  • MW: 378.50900
  • Catalog: Glucokinase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

ALDH1A3-IN-1

ALDH1A3-IN-1 (Compound 14) is a potent ALDH1A3 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.63 µM and a Ki of 0.46 µM. ALDH1A3-IN-1 can be studied in prostate cancer[1].

  • CAS Number: 1695970-90-1
  • MF: C13H18BrNO
  • MW: 284.19
  • Catalog: Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH)
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

7-CHLORO-2-(PYRIDIN-3-YL)-3,4-DIHYDRONAPHTHALEN-1(2H)-ONE

SU 10603 is a specific inhibitor of P45017α (P450c17; CYP17A1)[1].

  • CAS Number: 786-97-0
  • MF: C15H12ClNO
  • MW: 257.71
  • Catalog: Cytochrome P450
  • Density: 1.275g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 430.1ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 213.9ºC

WAY 170523

WAY-170523 is a potent and selective MMP-13 (matrix metalloproteinase-13) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 17 nM. WAY-170523 can directly attenuate ERK1/2 phosphorylation. WAY-170523 inhibits the invasion of PC-3 cells, can be used for prostate cancer research[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 307002-73-9
  • MF: C33H31N3O7S
  • MW: 613.68
  • Catalog: MMP
  • Density: 1.352g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

CCT 018159

CCT018159, a 3,4-diaryl pyrazoleresorcinol, is a ATP-competitive HSP90 ATPase activity inhibitor with IC50s of 3.2 and 6.6 µM for human Hsp90β and yeast Hsp90, respectively. CCT018159 caused cell cytostasis associated with a G1 arrest and induces apoptosis. CCT018159 inhibits key endothelial and tumor cell functions implicated in invasion and angiogenesis[1].

  • CAS Number: 171009-07-7
  • MF: C20H20N2O4
  • MW: 352.384
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 547.3±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 284.8±30.1 °C

p5 Ligand for Dnak and DnaJ

p5 Ligand for Dnak and DnaJ is a nonapeptide, which corresponds to the main binding site for the 23-residue part of the presequence of mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase. p5 Ligand for Dnak and DnaJ is a high-affinity ligand for DnaK and DnaJ[1].

  • CAS Number: 209518-24-1
  • MF: C44H81N15O11S
  • MW: 1028.27
  • Catalog: HSP
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

BMS-986339

BMS-986339 is an orally active, potent FXR agonist. BMS-986339 forms H-bond with His298 and ASN287 residues. BMS-986339 can be used in the research of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), anti-fibrosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 2477873-64-4
  • MF: C35H41F4N3O4
  • MW: 643.71
  • Catalog: Cytochrome P450
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Naphthol AS-BR

Naphthol AS-BR is a substrate for the histochemical demonstration of acid and alkaline phosphatase[1].

  • CAS Number: 91-92-9
  • MF: C36H28N2O6
  • MW: 584.61700
  • Catalog: Phosphatase
  • Density: 1.373g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 701.2ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 377.9ºC

Isovaleryl-L-carnitine (chloride)

Isovalerylcarnitine chloride, a product of the catabolism of L-leucine, is a potent activator of the Ca2+-dependent proteinase (calpain) of human neutrophils[1].

  • CAS Number: 139144-12-0
  • MF: C12H24ClNO4
  • MW: 281.77600
  • Catalog: Proteasome
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Handle region peptide, rat

Handle region peptide, rat is a prorenin receptor antagonist, suppresses the progression of diabetic nephropathy and has anti-inflammatory in the eye.

  • CAS Number: 749227-53-0
  • MF: C54H101N15O12S
  • MW: 1184.54
  • Catalog: Peptides
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Nedosiran sodium

Nedosiran sodium is a GalNAc-dsRNA conjugate designed to inhibit production of the hepatic lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme.

  • CAS Number: 2247026-22-6
  • MF:
  • MW:
  • Catalog: Lactate Dehydrogenase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

D4-abiraterone

D4-abiraterone is a major metabolite of abiraterone. D4-abiraterone is an inhibitor of CYP17A1, 3b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3βHSD) and steroid-5a-reductase (SRD5A) and also an antagonist of androgen receptor.

  • CAS Number: 154229-21-7
  • MF: C24H29NO
  • MW: 347.49300
  • Catalog: Cytochrome P450
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

UCB-35440

UCB-35440, a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor and a histamine H1 receptor antagonist, is used potentially for the treatment of dermatitis.

  • CAS Number: 299460-62-1
  • MF: C31H34ClN5O4
  • MW: 576.09
  • Catalog: Histamine Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Thiorphan

Thiorphan is a selective NEP (neprilysin) inhibitor with an IC50 of 6.9 nM[1].

  • CAS Number: 76721-89-6
  • MF: C12H15NO3S
  • MW: 253.32
  • Catalog: Neprilysin
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 524.0±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 138-140ºC
  • Flash Point: 270.7±30.1 °C

CDC25B-IN-2

CDC25B-IN-2 is a potent cdc25B inhibitor[1].

  • CAS Number: 134271-74-2
  • MF: C15H12N2O3
  • MW: 268.27
  • Catalog: Phosphatase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

DHODH-IN-13

DHODH-IN-13 (Compound 7a) is a hydroxyfurazan analog of A771726. DHODH-IN-13 is a dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) inhibitor with an IC50 of 4.3 μM for rat liver DHODH. DHODH-IN-13 can be used for rheumatoid arthritis[1].

  • CAS Number: 1364791-86-5
  • MF: C10H6F3N3O3
  • MW: 273.17
  • Catalog: DNA/RNA Synthesis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Cathepsin K inhibitor 5

Cathepsin K inhibitor 5 is a potent Cathepsin K inhibitor[1].

  • CAS Number: 448945-62-8
  • MF: C35H51N7O8
  • MW: 697.82
  • Catalog: Cathepsin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Gosogliptin

Gosogliptin is a potent and selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV).

  • CAS Number: 869490-23-3
  • MF: C17H24F2N6O
  • MW: 366.40900
  • Catalog: Dipeptidyl Peptidase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

NQ 301

NQ301 is an antithrombotic agent; inhibits collagen-challenged rabbit platelet aggregation with an IC50 of 10 mg/mL.

  • CAS Number: 130089-98-4
  • MF: C18H12ClNO3
  • MW: 325.748
  • Catalog: Thrombin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Dihydroberberine

Dihydroberberine inhibits human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) channels and remarkably reduces heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) expression and its interaction with hERG. Dihydroberberine has anti-inflammatory, anti-atherosclerotic, hypolipidemic and antitumor activities[1].

  • CAS Number: 483-15-8
  • MF: C20H19NO4
  • MW: 337.369
  • Catalog: HSP
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 557.8±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 223-224ºC (dec.)
  • Flash Point: 170.7±27.3 °C

Win-62005

Win-62005 is a cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase III (PDE III) inhibitor with Kis of 25 and 26 nM for rat heart and canine aorta, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 152633-54-0
  • MF: C12H10N4O
  • MW: 226.23400
  • Catalog: Phosphodiesterase (PDE)
  • Density: 1.292g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 291.8ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 130.3ºC

Proteasome-IN-5

Proteasome-IN-5 (compound 5) is a proteasome inhibitor[1].

  • CAS Number: 1613134-34-1
  • MF: C20H30BN5O7
  • MW: 463.29
  • Catalog: Proteasome
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

4-Aminobenzamidine dihydrochloride

4-Aminobenzamidine (p-Aminobenzamidine) dihydrochloride is a strong trypsin inhibitor, also acting as a relatively weak urokinase type plasminogen activator (uPA) inhibitor (Ki=82 μM). 4-Aminobenzamidine can inhibit growth of a human prostate tumor in SCID mice[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 2498-50-2
  • MF: C7H11Cl2N3
  • MW: 208.088
  • Catalog: Ser/Thr Protease
  • Density: 1.26g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 289.8ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: >300 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 129ºC

IDO1-IN-20

Hy-146215 is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative metabolism of tryptophan. It can immunosuppress tumors in the tumor microenvironment.

  • CAS Number: 2415246-15-8
  • MF: C15H19BrFN7O4S
  • MW: 492.32
  • Catalog: Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO)
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Bempedoic acid-d5

Bempedoic acid-d5 is the deuterium labeled Bempedoic acid[1]. Bempedoic acid (ETC-1002) is an ATP-citrate lyase (ACL) inhibitor[1]. Bempedoic acid (ETC-1002) activates AMPK[2].

  • CAS Number: 2408131-71-3
  • MF: C19H31D5O5
  • MW: 349.52
  • Catalog: AMPK
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Caffeic acid-pYEEIE TFA

PR-39, a natural proline- and arginine-rich antibacterial peptide, is a noncompetitive, reversible and allosteric proteasome inhibitor. PR-39 reversibly binds to the α7 subunit of the proteasome and blocks degradation of NF-κB inhibitor IκBα by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. PR-39 stimulates angiogenesis, inhibits inflammatory responses and significant reduces myocardial infarct size in mice[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 139637-11-9
  • MF: C229H345N70O40
  • MW: 4720.627
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Salubrinal

Salubrinal is a cell-permeable and selective inhibitor of eIF2α dephosphorylation.

  • CAS Number: 405060-95-9
  • MF: C21H17Cl3N4OS
  • MW: 479.810
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

SR1555

SR1555 is a specific retinoic acid receptor-related orphan nuclear receptor γ (RORγ) inverse agonist with an IC50 value of 1 μM. SR1555 not only inhibits TH17 cell development and function but also increases the frequency of T regulatory cells, as well as inhibits the expression of IL-17. SR1555 can be used for researching autoimmune diseases[1].

  • CAS Number: 1386439-51-5
  • MF: C22H22F6N2O2
  • MW: 460.41300
  • Catalog: ROR
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A