Metabolic pathways are enzyme-mediated biochemical reactions that lead to biosynthesis (anabolism) or breakdown (catabolism) of natural product small molecules within a cell or tissue. In each pathway, enzymes catalyze the conversion of substrates into structurally similar products. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation. Metabolism maintains the living state of the cells and the organism.

Proteases are used throughout an organism for various metabolic processes. Proteases control a great variety of physiological processes that are critical for life, including the immune response, cell cycle, cell death, wound healing, food digestion, and protein and organelle recycling. On the basis of the type of the key amino acid in the active site of the protease and the mechanism of peptide bond cleavage, proteases can be classified into six groups: cysteine, serine, threonine, glutamic acid, aspartate proteases, as well as matrix metalloproteases. Proteases can not only activate proteins such as cytokines, or inactivate them such as numerous repair proteins during apoptosis, but also expose cryptic sites, such as occurs with β-secretase during amyloid precursor protein processing, shed various transmembrane proteins such as occurs with metalloproteases and cysteine proteases, or convert receptor agonists into antagonists and vice versa such as chemokine conversions carried out by metalloproteases, dipeptidyl peptidase IV and some cathepsins. In addition to the catalytic domains, a great number of proteases contain numerous additional domains or modules that substantially increase the complexity of their functions.

Imbalances in metabolic activities have been found to be critical in a number of pathologies, such as cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases.

References:
[1] Turk B, et al. EMBO J. 2012 Apr 4;31(7):1630-43.
[2] Eatemadi A, et al. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017 Feb;86:221-231.


Anti-infection >
Arenavirus Bacterial CMV Enterovirus Filovirus Fungal HBV HCV HIV HSV Influenza Virus Parasite Reverse Transcriptase RSV SARS-CoV
Antibody-drug Conjugate >
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Apoptosis >
Apoptosis Bcl-2 Family c-Myc Caspase DAPK Ferroptosis IAP MDM-2/p53 PKD RIP kinase Survivin Thymidylate Synthase TNF Receptor
Autophagy >
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Antifolate APC ATM/ATR Aurora Kinase Casein Kinase CDK Checkpoint Kinase (Chk) CRISPR/Cas9 Deubiquitinase DNA Alkylator/Crosslinker DNA-PK DNA/RNA Synthesis Eukaryotic Initiation Factor (eIF) G-quadruplex Haspin Kinase HDAC HSP IRE1 Kinesin LIM Kinase (LIMK) Microtubule/Tubulin Mps1 Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog p97 PAK PARP PERK Polo-like Kinase (PLK) PPAR RAD51 ROCK Sirtuin SRPK Telomerase TOPK Topoisomerase Wee1
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Metabolic Enzyme/Protease >
15-PGDH 5 alpha Reductase 5-Lipoxygenase Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Acyltransferase Adenosine Deaminase Adenosine Kinase Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Aldose Reductase Aminopeptidase Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) ATGL ATP Citrate Lyase Carbonic Anhydrase Carboxypeptidase Cathepsin CETP COMT Cytochrome P450 Dipeptidyl Peptidase Dopamine β-hydroxylase E1/E2/E3 Enzyme Elastase Enolase FAAH FABP Factor Xa Farnesyl Transferase Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) FXR Glucokinase GSNOR Gutathione S-transferase HCV Protease Hexokinase HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase HIV Integrase HIV Protease HMG-CoA Reductase (HMGCR) HSP Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) Lactate Dehydrogenase LXR MAGL Mineralocorticoid Receptor Mitochondrial Metabolism MMP Nampt NEDD8-activating Enzyme Neprilysin PAI-1 PDHK PGC-1α Phosphatase Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Phospholipase Procollagen C Proteinase Proteasome Pyruvate Kinase RAR/RXR Renin ROR Ser/Thr Protease SGK Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) Thrombin Tryptophan Hydroxylase Tyrosinase Xanthine Oxidase
Neuronal Signaling >
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NF-κB >
NF-κB IKK Keap1-Nrf2 MALT1
PI3K/Akt/mTOR >
Akt AMPK ATM/ATR DNA-PK GSK-3 MELK mTOR PDK-1 PI3K PI4K PIKfyve PTEN
PROTAC >
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Protein Tyrosine Kinase/RTK >
Ack1 ALK Bcr-Abl BMX Kinase Btk c-Fms c-Kit c-Met/HGFR Discoidin Domain Receptor DYRK EGFR Ephrin Receptor FAK FGFR FLT3 IGF-1R Insulin Receptor IRAK Itk PDGFR PKA Pyk2 ROS Src Syk TAM Receptor Trk Receptor VEGFR
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Casein Kinase ERK Gli GSK-3 Hedgehog Hippo (MST) JAK Notch Oct3/4 PKA Porcupine ROCK sFRP-1 Smo STAT TGF-beta/Smad Wnt YAP β-catenin γ-secretase
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CooP

CooP is a linear glioblastoma-targeting nonapeptide. CooP binds to the mammary-derived growth inhibitor/fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3) in the glioblastoma cells and its associated vasculature. CooP is used for the targeted delivery of chemotherapy and different nanoparticles[1].

  • CAS Number: 1192864-27-9
  • MF: C32H57N9O11S
  • MW: 775.91
  • Catalog: FABP
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Kongensin A

Kongensin A is a natural product isolated from Croton kongensis. Kongensin A is an effective, covalent HSP90 inhibitor that blocks RIP3-dependent necroptosishas. Kongensin A is a potent necroptosis inhibitor and an apoptosis inducer. Kongensin A has potential anti-necroptosis and anti-inflammation applications[1].

  • CAS Number: 885315-96-8
  • MF: C22H30O5
  • MW: 374.471
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 525.7±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 178.4±23.6 °C

Linagliptin-13C,d3

Linagliptin-13C,d3 is the 13C- and deuterium labeled. Linagliptin is a highly potent, selective DPP-4 inhibitor with IC50 of 1 nM.

  • CAS Number: 1398044-43-3
  • MF: C2413CH25D3N8O2
  • MW: 476.55
  • Catalog: Ferroptosis
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

4,6(1H,5H)-Pyrimidinedione,5-(2-furanylmethylene)dihydro-2-thioxo-

CD00509 is a Tdp1 inhibitor, with an IC50 value of 0.71 μM. CD00509 can sensitize breast cancer cells to Camptothecin (HY-16560). CD00509 has anti-tumor activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 27430-18-8
  • MF: C9H6N2O3S
  • MW: 222.22
  • Catalog: Phosphodiesterase (PDE)
  • Density: 1.54g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

LE 135

LE135 is a potent RAR antagonist that binds selectively to RARα (Ki of 1.4 μM) and RARβ (Ki of 220 nM), and has a higher affinity to RARβ. LE135 is highly selective over RARγ, RXRα, RXRβ and RXRγ. LE135 is also a potent TRPV1 and TRPA1 receptors activator with EC50s of 2.5 μM and 20 μM, respectively[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 155877-83-1
  • MF: C29H30N2O2
  • MW: 438.561
  • Catalog: TRP Channel
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 601.3±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 317.5±31.5 °C

S32826

S32826 is a potent autotaxin inhibitor, with an IC50 of 8.8 nM. S32826 shows similar inhibitory effects at various autotaxin isoforms (α, β and γ). S32826 inhibits LPA release from adipocytes[1].

  • CAS Number: 1096770-84-1
  • MF: C21H36NO4P
  • MW: 397.49
  • Catalog: Phosphodiesterase (PDE)
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Escin IA

Escin IA is a triterpene saponin isolated from horse chestnut, which inhibits HIV-1 protease with IC50 values of 35 μM. Escin IA has anti-TNBC metastasis activity, and its action mechanisms involved inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition process by down-regulating LOXL2 expression[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 123748-68-5
  • MF: C55H86O24
  • MW: 1131.257
  • Catalog: HIV Protease
  • Density: 1.46
  • Boiling Point: 1140.6±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 311.8±27.8 °C

Deltazinone 1

Deltazinone 1 (Deltazinone1) is a novel highly selective PDEδ inhibitor that inhibits PDEδ/Ras interaction with Kd of 8±4 nM; displays excellent selectivity against a broad panel of pharmacologically relevant proteins; inhibits the PDEδ-Ras interaction in in-cell measurement with Kd of 58±17 nM, exhibits less unspecific cytotoxicity than Deltarasin in a set of human pancreatic cancer cell lines, including KRas mutation and oncogenic KRas-dependence, decreases Ras-mediated signalling in pancreatic cancer cells.

  • CAS Number: 894554-89-3
  • MF: C27H31N5O2
  • MW: 457.578
  • Catalog: Phosphodiesterase (PDE)
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Sildenafil-d3-1

Sildenafil-d3-1 (UK-92480-d3-1) is deuterium labeled Sildenafil-d3. Sildenafil (UK-92480) is a potent phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor with an IC50 of 5.22 nM.

  • CAS Number: 1126745-87-6
  • MF: C22H27D3N6O4S
  • MW: 477.59
  • Catalog: Phosphodiesterase (PDE)
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

COX-2/5-LOX-IN-3

COX-2/5-LOX-IN-3 (compound 5b) is a potent and dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibitor with IC50 values of 45.73, 5.45 and 4.33 μM for COX-1, COX-2, and 5-LOX, respectively. COX-2/5-LOX-IN-3 has the potential for the research of inflammation diseases[1].

  • CAS Number: 2481484-51-7
  • MF: C17H16ClN3O2S
  • MW: 361.85
  • Catalog: COX
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

VU0359595

VU0359595 (CID-53361951; ML-270) is a potent and selective pharmacological phospholipase D1 (PLD1) inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.7 nM. VU0359595 is >1700-fold selective for PLD1 over PLD2 (IC50 of 6.4 μM). VU0359595 can be used for the research of cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative and inflammatory diseases[1][2][3][4].

  • CAS Number: 1246303-14-9
  • MF: C25H29BrN4O2
  • MW: 497.427
  • Catalog: Phospholipase
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

SDZ285428

SDZ285428 is a CYP51 inhibitor. SDZ285428 inhibits Trypanosoma cruzi (TC) CYP51 with I/E2 <1 (5 min) and I/E2=9 (1 h). SDZ285428 inhibits Trypanosoma brucei (TB) CYP51 with I/E2 <1 (5 min) and I/E2=35 (1 h)[1].

  • CAS Number: 174262-13-6
  • MF: C24H20ClN3O
  • MW: 401.888
  • Catalog: Fungal
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 651.2±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 347.7±31.5 °C

UAMC 00039 dihydrochloride

UAMC00039 dihydrochloride is a potent, reversible and competitive dipeptidyl peptidase II inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.48 nM.

  • CAS Number: 697797-51-6
  • MF: C16H26Cl3N3O
  • MW: 382.756
  • Catalog: Dipeptidyl Peptidase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Mca-Lys-Pro-Leu-Gly-Leu-Dap(Dnp)-Ala-Arg-NH2 trifluoroacetate salt

Mca-Lys-Pro-Leu-Gly-Leu-Dap(Dnp)-Ala-Arg-NH2 (FS-6) is a fluorescent peptide that is a quenched MMP peptide substrate. Mca-Lys-Pro-Leu-Gly-Leu-Dap(Dnp)-Ala-Arg-NH2 can be used for real-time quantification of MMP enzymatic activity. Mca-Lys-Pro-Leu-Gly-Leu-Dap(Dnp)-Ala-Arg-NH2 is an elongated peptide of MMP substrate (FS-1) and is active against collagenases (MMP-1, MMP-8, MMP-13 ) and MT1-MMP with higher specificity constants than FS-1[1]. (Ex/Em=325 nm/400 nm)

  • CAS Number: 720710-69-0
  • MF: C55H80N16O16
  • MW: 1221.32
  • Catalog: MMP
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

voxilaprevir

Voxilaprevir (GS-9857) is a fluorinated macrocyclic hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural protein (NS) 3/4A protease inhibitor with potent in vitro antiviral activity against genotypes 1-6 HCV and broad coverage of NS3/4A protease polymorphisms. GS-9857 improves coverage against commonly encountered NS3 resistance-associated variants (RAVs)[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1535212-07-7
  • MF: C40H52F4N6O9S
  • MW: 868.93400
  • Catalog: HCV Protease
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Quinethazone

Quinethazone is an orally active diuretic agent and is also a weak inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase. Quinethazone can be used for hypertension research[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 73-49-4
  • MF: C10H12ClN3O3S
  • MW: 289.739
  • Catalog: Histamine Receptor
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 250 - 252ºC
  • Flash Point: N/A

Z-Val-Gly-Arg-pNA

Z-Val-Gly-Arg-pNA is a chromogenic substrate for urokinase. Z-Val-Gly-Arg-pNA can be used for determination of urokinase activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 78333-16-1
  • MF: C27H36N8O7
  • MW: 584.624
  • Catalog: Ser/Thr Protease
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

MMP-9-IN-6

MMP-9-IN-6 (Compound 3g) is a MMP-9 inhibitor with IC50 value of 50 μM, which has good anti-ulcer effect[1].

  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Shepherdin 79-87

Shepherdin (79-87) is amino acids 79 to 87 fragment of Shepherdin. Shepherdin is a peptidomimetic antagonist of the complex between Hsp90 and Survivin. Anticancer activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 861224-28-4
  • MF: C41H64N12O12S
  • MW: 949.09
  • Catalog: Survivin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Isoliquiritigenin

Isoliquiritigenin is an anti-tumor flavonoid from the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra, which inhibits aldose reductase with an IC50 of 320 nM.

  • CAS Number: 961-29-5
  • MF: C15H12O4
  • MW: 256.253
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 504.0±42.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 206-210°C
  • Flash Point: 272.7±24.4 °C

Revexepride

Revexepride is a highly selective 5-HT4 receptor agonist, and a potential inducer of CYP3A4 enzyme, used for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease.

  • CAS Number: 219984-49-3
  • MF: C21H32ClN3O4
  • MW: 425.94900
  • Catalog: 5-HT Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

EC33

EC33 is a selective aminopeptidase A (APA) inhibitor. EC33 blocks the pressor response of exogenous Ang II. EC33 does not cross the blood-brain barrier. EC33 has the potential for salt-dependent model of hypertension research[1].

  • CAS Number: 232261-88-0
  • MF: C4H11NO3S2
  • MW: 185.265
  • Catalog: Aminopeptidase
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Phortress

Phortress is a high affinity AhR ligand that elicits antitumor activity by inducing transcription of CYP1A1[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 328087-38-3
  • MF: C20H25Cl2FN4OS
  • MW: 459.408
  • Catalog: Cytochrome P450
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

BML-111

BML-111, a lipoxin A4 analog, is a lipoxin A4 receptor agonist. BML-111 represses the activity of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and increases the activity of angiotensinconverting enzyme 2 (ACE2). BML-111 has antiangiogenic, antitumor and anti-inflammatory properties[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 78606-80-1
  • MF: C8H16O5
  • MW: 192.210
  • Catalog: Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE)
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 360.8±42.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 143.5±21.4 °C

Coblopasvir

Coblopasvir (KW136, KW-136) is a novel HCV NS5A inhibitor under development for treatment of HCV infection. HCV Infection Phase 3 Clinical

  • CAS Number: 1312608-46-0
  • MF: C41H50N8O8
  • MW: 782.885
  • Catalog: HCV
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 1102.5±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 620.6±34.3 °C

h-NTPDase-IN-3

h-NTPDase-IN-3 (compound 4d) is a pan-inhibitor of NTPDase with IC50s of 34.13 μM (h-NTPDase1), 0.33 μM (h-NTPDase2), 23.21 μM (h-NTPDase3), 2.48 μM (h- NTPDase8).

  • CAS Number: 2939933-10-3
  • MF: C16H10N4S
  • MW: 290.34
  • Catalog: Phosphatase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Tosyl phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone

TPCK (L-1-Tosylamido-2-phenylethyl chloromethyl ketone; L-TPCK) is a potent serine protease inhibitor that reacts with the retinoblastoma protein (RB)-binding core of HPV-18 E7 protein and abolish its RB-binding capability. TPCK is able to modify E7 protein in live keratinocytes following its addition to the culture medium[1].

  • CAS Number: 402-71-1
  • MF: C17H18ClNO3S
  • MW: 351.848
  • Catalog: Microtubule/Tubulin
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 509.9±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 106-108ºC(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 262.2±32.9 °C

Oprozomib (ONX 0912)

Oprozomib (ONX 0912; PR047) is an orally bioavailable inhibitor for CT-L activity of 20S proteasome β5/LMP7 with IC50 of 36 nM/82 nM.IC50 value: 36 nM/82 nM(20S proteasome β5/LMP7) [1]Target: 20S proteasomeThe anti-MM activity of Oprozomib is associated with activation of caspase-8, caspase-9, caspase-3, and PARP, as well as inhibition of migration of MM cells and angiogenesis. Oprozomib is demonstrated an absolute bioavailability of up to 39% in rodents and dogs. It is well tolerated with repeated oral administration at doses resulting in >80% proteasome inhibition in most tissues and elicited an antitumor response in multiple human tumor xenograft and mouse syngeneic models.

  • CAS Number: 935888-69-0
  • MF: C25H32N4O7S
  • MW: 532.609
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 849.9±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 467.8±34.3 °C

JG-231

JG-231 is an allosteric inhibitor that disrupts the Hsp70-BAG3 interaction (Ki=0.11 uM), inhibits breast cancer cells MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 with IC50 of 0.12 and 0.25 uM, respectively; reduces tumor burden in an MDA-MB-231 xenograft model (4 mg/kg, ip).

  • CAS Number: 1627126-59-3
  • MF: C22H18BrCl2N3OS4
  • MW: 619.45
  • Catalog: HSP
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Ginsenoside F4

Ginsenoside F4 (GF4), ginseng saponinis, isolated from notoginseng or red ginseng. Ginsenoside F4 (GF4) has inhibitory effect on human lymphocytoma JK cell by inducing its apoptosis[1].Ginsenoside F4 (GF4) inhibits matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP 13) expression in IL-1β-treated chondrocytes and blocks cartilage breakdown in rabbit cartilage tissue culture, shows therapeutic potential for preventing cartilage collagen matrix breakdown in diseased tissues[2].

  • CAS Number: 181225-33-2
  • MF: C42H70O12
  • MW: 766.998
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 851.6±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 468.9±34.3 °C