20S Proteasome activator 1 is a potent 20S proteasome activator with EC200 values of 0.3 μM, 0.7 μM and 1.8 μM for trypsin-like site, chymotrypsin-like site and caspase-like site. 20S Proteasome activator 1 translates well in a cellular system, preventing the accumulation of the pathogenic A53T mutant of α-synuclein. 20S Proteasome activator 1 can be used for researching neurodegenerative diseases[1].
3-Oxo-5β-cholanoic acid (Dehydrolithocholic acid), a bile acid metabolite, inhibits the diferentiation of TH17 cells by directly binding to the key transcription factor RORγt (Kd=1.13 μM)[1].
HIV-1 integrase inhibitor 4 is a HIV-1 integrase strand transfer (INST) inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.7 nM.
Glaucine (O,O-Dimethylisoboldine) is an alkaloid isolated from Glaucium flavum Crantz with antitussive, bronchodilation and anti-inflammatory properties. Glaucine is a selective and orally active phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor with Kis of 3.4 µM in human bronchus and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Glaucine is also a non-selective α-adrenoceptor antagonist, a Ca2+ entry blocker, and a weak dopamine D1 and D2 receptor antagonist. Glaucine has antioxidative and antiviral activities[1][2][3].
Licofelone-d6 is the deuterium labeled Licofelone[1]. Licofelone (ML-3000) is a dual COX/5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) inhibitor (IC50=0.21/0.18 μM, respectively) for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Licofelone exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects. Licofelone induces apoptosis, and decreases the production of proinflammatory leukotrienes and prostaglandins[2][3][4].
SD-2590 hydrochloride is a potent MMP inhibitor with IC50 values of ﹤0.1, ﹤0.1, 0.18, and 1.7 nM for MMP2, MMP13, MMP9, and MMP8, respectively. SD-2590 hydrochloride inhibits dilation of the left ventricle in rats[1].
DDMS (Dibromo-dodecenyl-methylsulfimide) is a selective 20-HETE production inhibitor. DDMS attenuates the vasodilatory response to sodium nitroprusside (SNP)[1].
GPP78 (CAY10618) is a potent Nampt inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.0 nM for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) depletion. GPP78 is cytotoxic to neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y cells with an IC50 of 3.8 nM by inducing autophagy. GPP78 has anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects[1][2].
HIV-1 integrase inhibitor 8 is a HIV-1 integrase inhibitor, compound 8[1].
APE-PLD (VU533) activator is a potent NAPE-PLD activator with an EC50 value of 0.30 µM. NAPE-PLD activator (VU533) can enhance NAPE-PLD activity and increase efferocytosis by macrophages. NAPE-PLD activator (VU533) can be used for cardiometabolic diseases research[1].
Nafamostat is a broad spectrum serine protease inhibitor, kallikrein inhibitor, and inhibits blood coagulation; is also a possible complement inhibitor.Target: Serine ProteaseTranilast (FUT-175) is an antiallergic drug for bronchial asthma. It has been used for the treatment of allergic disorders such as asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis. It has also been investigated for use as an antiproliferative drug on drug-eluting stents.A 20-40 mg/h dose of FUT-175 prolonged coagulation time sufficiently in the instrumental blood of the extracorporeal circuit but not in the systemic blood. Its anticoagulant activity decreased immediately after hemodialysis. Therefore, we could manage all patients without any bleeding trouble during hemodialysis with FUT-175 as an anticoagulant. Although there were side effects of FUT-175, such as nausea, vomiting, itching and eruption, they were not serious, and FUT-175 could be administered without interruption. FUT-175 seems to be useful as an anticoagulant during hemodialysis for patients susceptible to bleeding.
11-Keto-beta-boswellic acid (11-Keto-β-boswellic acid) is a pentacyclic triterpenic acid of the oleogum resin from the bark of the Boswellia serrate tree, popularly known as Indian Frankincense. 11-Keto-beta-boswellic acid has the anti-inflammatory activity is primarily due to inhibit 5-lipoxygenase and subsequent leukotriene and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation and tumor necrosis factor alpha generation production[1].
Telotristat (LP-778902) is a potent tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor with an in vivo IC50 of 0.028 μM.
Ganoderic acid K is a potent angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. Ganoderic acid K is a triterpene that can be found in ganoderma lucidum[1].
Methoxsalen-d3 is the deuterium labeled Methoxsalen[1]. Methoxsalen (8-Methoxypsoralen) is a potent tricyclic furocoumarin suicide inhibitor of CYP (cytochrome P-450), is an agent used to treat psoriasis, eczema, vitiligo and some cutaneous Lymphomas in conjunction with exposing the skin to sunlight[2].
GW3965 hydrochloride is a potent and selective LXR agonist with EC50s of 190 and 30 nM for hLXRα and hLXRβ , respectively.
Enniatin A is a Fusarium mycotoxin. Enniatin A inhibits acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) activity with an IC50 of 22 μM in an enzyme assay using rat liver microsomes[1].
Rivaroxaban is a highly potent and selective, direct Factor Xa (FXa) inhibitor, achieving a strong gain in anti-FXa potency (IC50 0.7 nM; Ki 0.4 nM).
THPP-1, a SGC chemical probe, is a potent and orally bioavailable phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) inhibitor, with Ki values of 1 nM and 1.3 nM for human and rat PDE10A, respectively. THPP-1 has excellent pharmacokinetic properties in preclinical species[1].
Grazoprevir sodium salt (MK-5172 sodium salt) is a selective inhibitor of Hepatitis C virus NS3/4a protease with broad activity across genotypes and resistant variants, with Kis of 0.01 nM (gt1b), 0.01 nM (gt1a), 0.08 nM (gt2a), 0.15 nM (gt2b), 0.90 nM (gt3a), respectively.
Chymotrypsinogen is an inactive precursor of Chymotrypsin (HY-108910). Chymotrypsin is a serine protease produced by the pancreas[1][2].
JJKK 048 is an ultrapotent and highly selective inhibitor of Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL).
Yonkenafil (Tunodafil), a novel phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, is effective in reducing cerebral infarction, neurological deficits, edema, and neuronal damage in the infarcted area. Yonkenafil may improve cognitive function by modulating neurogenesis and has a potential therapeutic effect on Alzheimer's disease[1].
FAAH/MAGL-IN-4 (Compound 13) is a potent fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoglyceride lipase (MGL) inhibitor with IC50s of 9.1 nM and 7.9 μM, respectively. FAAH/MAGL-IN-4 can be used for the research of pain and CNS disorders[1].
S32826 disodium is a potent autotaxin inhibitor, with an IC50 of 8.8 nM. S32826 disodium shows similar inhibitory effects at various autotaxin isoforms (α, β and γ). S32826 disodium inhibits LPA release from adipocytes[1].
SOS1-IN-16 (Comp 54) is a selective inhibitor of SOS1 with an IC50 of 7.2 nM. SOS1-IN-16 has inhibitory activity of CYP3A4 when using testosterone as a substrate, with an IC50 of 8.9μM. SOS1-IN-16 can be used for cancer research[1].
Carprofen-13C,d3 is the deuterium and 13C labeled Carprofen[1]. Carprofen is a nonsteroid anti-inflammatory agent, acts as a multi-target FAAH/COX inhibitor, with IC50s of 3.9 μM, 22.3 μM and 78.6 μM for COX-2, COX-1 and FAAH, respectively[2][3][4].
Rosuvastatin is a competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase with IC50 of 11 nM. IC50 Value: 11 nM [1]Target: HMG-CoA reductasein vitro: Rosuvastatin is relatively hydrophilic and is highly selective for hepatic cells; its uptake is mediated by the liver-specific organic anion transporter OATP-C. Rosuvastatin is a high-affinity substrate for OATP-C with apparent association constant of 8.5 μM [2]. Rosuvastatin inhibits cholesterol biosynthesis in rat liver isolated hepatocytes with IC50 of 1.12 nM. Rosuvastatin causes approximately 10 times greater increase of mRNA of LDL receptors than pravastatin [1]. Rosuvastatin (100 μM) decreases the extent of U937 adhesion to TNF-α-stimulated HUVEC. Rosuvastatin inhibits the expressions of ICAM-1, MCP-1, IL-8, IL-6, and COX-2 mRNA and protein levels through inhibition of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and nuclear factor-kB in endothelial cells [3].in vivo: Rosuvastatin (3 mg/kg) daily administration for 14 days decreases plasma cholesterol levels by 26% in male beagle dogs with normal cholesterol levels. In cynomolgus monkeys, Rosuvastatin decreases plasma cholesterol levels by 22% [1]. Rosuvastatin (20 mg/kg/day) administration for 2 weeks, significantly reduces very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) in diabetes mellitus rats induced by Streptozocin [4]. Rosuvastatin shows antiatherothromhotic effects in vivo. Rosuvastatin (1.25 mg/kg) significantly inhibits thrombin-induced transmigration of monocvtes across mesenteric venules via inhibition of the endothelial cell surface expression of P-selectin, and increases the basal rate of nitric oxide in aortic segments by 2-fold times [5].
Roflumilast-d3 is deuterium labeled Roflumilast. Roflumilast is a selective PDE4 inhibitor with IC50s of 0.7, 0.9, 0.7, and 0.2 nM for PDE4A1, PDEA4, PDEB1, and PDEB2, respectively, without affecting PDE1, PDE2, PDE3 or PDE5 isoenzymes from various cells.