Orphenadrine hydrochloride is an uncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist with Ki of 6.0 ±0.7 μM.IC50 value: 6.0 ±0.7 μM (Ki)Target: NMDA ReceptorOrphenadrine has been used as an antiparkinsonian, antispastic and analgesic drug. Orphenadrine inhibits [3H]MK-801 binding to the phencyclidine (PCP) binding site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-receptor in homogenates of postmortem human frontal cortex with a Ki-value of 6.0 ±0.7 μM. The NMDA receptor antagonistic effects of orphenadrine were assessed using concentration- and patch-clamp techniques on cultured superior colliculus neurones. Orphenadrine blocked open NMDA receptor channels with fast kinetics and in a strongly voltage-dependent manner. The IC50-value against steady state currents at -70 mV was 16.2 ± 1.6 μM (n = 6). [1]. Orphenadrine competitively inhibited [3H]nisoxetine binding in rat vas deferens membranes (Ki = 1.05 ±0.20 μM). It can be concluded that orphenadrine, at low micromolar concentrations, interacts with the noradrenaline reuptake system inhibiting its functionality and thus potentiating the effect of noradrenaline [2].
THIP (Gaboxadol) is a selective δ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (δ-GABAAR) agonist, functionally selective GABAAR ligand, exhibits agonism at α4β1δ, α4β3δ and weak antagonism at αβγ and α4β2δ GABAARs[1].
Diisopropyl adipate is an alternative plasticizer and a TRPA1 activator. Diisopropyl adipate activates TRPA1 and enhances FITC-induced contact hypersensitivity (CHS).Diisopropyl adipate also serves as an ingredient in cosmetics and drug formulations topically applied to the skin. Diisopropyl adipate can be used as an excipient, such as emollients, plasticizers. Pharmaceutical excipients, or pharmaceutical auxiliaries, refer to other chemical substances used in the pharmaceutical process other than pharmaceutical ingredients. Pharmaceutical excipients generally refer to inactive ingredients in pharmaceutical preparations, which can improve the stability, solubility and processability of pharmaceutical preparations. Pharmaceutical excipients also affect the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) processes of co-administered drugs[1][2].
Cipepofol (HSK3486), a sedative-hypnotic agent, is a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor potentiator[1].
4α-Phorbol 12,13-didecanoate (4αPDD) is a TRPV4 agonist with antidipsogenic effects. 4α-Phorbol 12,13-didecanoate promotes Ca2+ influx[1].
Glycine-13C2,15N,d2 is the deuterium, 13C and 15N labeled Glycine[1]. Glycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS and also acts as a co-agonist along with glutamate, facilitating an excitatory potential at the glutaminergic N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors[2].
PF 03716556 is a potent, and selective acid pump (H+,K+ ATPase) antagonist, with pIC50 value of 6.009.IC50 value:6.009 (pIC50)Target: H+,K+ ATPasePF-03716556 inhibited the activity of H+, K+-ATPase with pIC50 of 6.026 ± 0.112, 6.038 ± 0.039 and 6.009 ± 0.209 at pH 6.4 for porcine, canine and human ion-leaky membrane vesicles, respectively. PF-03716556 (PF03716556) is useful for treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease.
β-Cyfluthrin (beta-Cyfluthrin) is a type II synthetic pyrethroid and also an active ingredient of many insecticide products used for pestsin agriculture. β-Cyfluthrin is a neurotoxicant and affects calcium concentration in nervous tissue by inhibiting Ca2+ ATPase involved in calcium transport[1].
Praeruptorin E is a main bioactive constituent of Peucedanum praeruptorum (also known as Bai-Hua Qian Hu). Praeruptorin C is a calcium antagonist with pD2′ value of 5.2[1].
TPA 023 is a GABAA α2/α3 subtype-selective agonist, with Ki of 0.19-0.41 nM.
DL-Pyroglutamic acid (CAE) as an inactivator of hepatitis B surface, inactivates vaccinia virus, herpes simplex virus, and influenza virus except poliovirus. DL-Pyroglutamic acid is also a possible inhibitor of GABA transaminase, increases GABA amount with antiepileptic action[1][2].
Sodium Channel inhibitor1, one of 3-Oxoisoindoline-1-carboxamides, is a novel and selective voltage-gated sodium channel for pain treatment. IC50 Value: 0.16 uM ( Na v1.7, V hold-90mV); 0.41 uM (Na v1.7, V hold-90mV) [1]Target: Na v1.7Sodium Channel inhibitor1 demonstrated concentration-dependent efficacy in preclinical behavioral pain models.
Isradipine-d6 is the deuterium labeled Isradipine[1]. Isradipine (PN 200-110) is an orally active L-type calcium channel blocker. Isradipine, as a powerful peripheral vasodilator, is a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with selective actions on the heart as well as the peripheral circulation. Isradipine is a potentially viable neuroprotective agent for Parkinson's disease[2][3][4].
RPR-260243 is a novel activator of HERG; modifies HERG currents inhibited by dofetilide (IC50 = 58 nM); little effect on HERG current amplitude and no significant effects on steady-state activation parameters or on channel inactivation processes.IC50 value: Target: HERG activatorRPR260243 displayed no activator-like effects on other voltage-dependent ion channels, including the closely related erg3 K+ channel. RPR260243 enhanced the delayed rectifier current in guinea pig myocytes but, when administered alone, had little effect on action potential parameters in these cells. However, RPR260243 completely reversed the action potential-prolonging effects of dofetilide in this preparation. Using the Langendorff heart method, we found that 5 μM RPR260243 increased T-wave amplitude, prolonged the PR interval, and shortened the QT interval. We believe RPR260243 represents the first known HERG channel activator and that the drug works primarily by inhibiting channel closure, leading to a persistent HERG channel current upon repolarization.
Cloperastine hydrochloride inhibits the hERG K+ currents in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 27 nM[1].
Bamaquimast is an inhibitor of proton pump extracted from patent US2005165041, example 138.
(-)-Aspartic acid is an endogenous NMDA receptor agonist.
Methyl syringate, a chemical marker of asphodel monofloral honey, is an efficient phenolic mediator for bacterial and fungal laccases. Methyl syringate is a TRPA1 agonist[1][2][3].
Aptiganel (CNS 1102 (free base)), peptide, is a noncompetitive NMDA antagonist with cerebroprotective effects. Aptiganel can be used for the research of stroke[1].
Navocaftor, as a cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR), is a protein modulator (US 20200377491 Al, example 1)[1].
CGP52432 is a GABAB receptor antagonist, with an IC50 of 85 nM.
5-Hydroxylansoprazole (AG1908) is an active metabolite of Lansoprazole in plasma. Lansoprazole is metabolized by CYP2C19 forming 5-Hydroxylansoprazole. Lansoprazole is a gastric proton-pump inhibitor and is effective in the treatment of various peptic diseases[1][2].
Remacemide hydrochloride (FPL 12924AA), a moderate inhibitor of the Na+ channel, is a weak uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist with IC50s of 68 μM and 76 μM for MK-801 binding and NMDA currents, respectively[1]. Remacemide hydrochloride is an anticonvulsant agent[2].
FR-167356 is a potent, orally active and selective vacuolar ATPase inhibitor with IC50 values of 170, 220, 370, and 1200 nM for osteoclast plasma membranes, macrophage microsomes, renal brush border membranes, and liver lysosomal membranes, respectively. FR-167356 inhibits bone resorption and ovariectomy-induced bone loss[1].
URAT1 inhibitor 8 (example 247) is a potent URAT1 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.001 μM. URAT1 inhibitor 8 can be used for gout research[1].
3-Pyr-Cytisine (3-Pyr-Cyt) is a cytisine derivative. 3-Pyr-Cytisine is a very weak α4β2 nAChR partial agonist that has been studied as an antidepressant[1].
TNP-ATP triethylammonium is a selective P2X receptor antagonist. TNP-ATP triethylammonium shows antinociceptive effects in rats[1].
P-gp inhibitor 5 (compound 10) is a potent P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor with P-gp inhibition fold of 2.5 and 3.0 at 1.25 μM and 2.5 μM. P-gp inhibitor 5 has antiproliferative activity against certain cancer cell lines. P-gp inhibitor 5 is effective in reversing the multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype in ABCB1/Flp-InTM-293 and KBvin cells by restoring their sensitivity to Vincristine and Paclitaxel[1].
PF-04856264 is a potent and selective Nav1.7 inhibitor, with IC50s of 28, 131, 19, and 42 nM for human, mouse, cynomolgus monkey and dog Nav1.7, respectively. PF-04856264 has low potency against the rat Nav1.7 channel. PF-04856264 shows analgesic effect[1][2].
IDRA 21 is a positive and orally active modulator of the AMPA receptor. IDRA 21 facilitates excitatory neurotransmission via GluR1/2 receptors. IDRA 21 has the potential for the research of cognitive/memory disorders, including those associated with aging[1].