(+)-14-Deoxy-ε-caesalpin (14-Deoxy-ε-caesalpin), a cassane diterpenoid, inhibits nitric oxide (NO) production release of RAW 264.7 cells stimulated by Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)[1].
Inflexuside A, an abietane diterpenoid, can be isolated from the aerial parts of Isodon inflexus. Inflexuside B strongly inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated NO production (NO Synthase) in RAW264.7 macrophages[1].
Anti-inflammatory agent 21 (compound 9o) is an orally active and low cytotoxic anti-inflammatory agent, with an IC50 value of 0.76 μM for NO. Anti-inflammatory agent 21 acts via accumulation ROS and blocks the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway. Anti-inflammatory agent 21 can ameliorate cartilage destruction and inflammatory cell infiltration in arthritis rats model[1].
Tetrahydrobiopterin is a cofactor of the aromatic amino acid hydroxylases enzymes and also acts as an essential cofactor for all nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms.
Carboxy-PTIO potassium is a potent nitric oxide (NO) inhibitor that can make a quick reaction with NO to produce NO2. Carboxy-PTIO can prevent hypotension and endotoxic shock through the direct scavenging action against NO in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated rat model[1][2][3].
Canophyllal is a triterpene that can be isolated from the leaves of Elsholtzia ciliata. Canophyllal weakly inhibits the production of NO[1].
Ginsenoside C-K, a bacterial metabolite of G-Rb1, exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by reducing iNOS and COX-2. Ginsenoside C-K exhibits an inhibition against the activity of CYP2C9 and CYP2A6 in human liver microsomes with IC50s of 32.0±3.6 μM and 63.6±4.2 μM, respectively.
L-NIL hydrochloride is an inducible NO synthase inhibitor, with an IC50 of 3.3 μM for miNOS[1][2][3].
L-NIL is a potent and selective inhibitor of inducible NO synthase with IC50s of 3.3 and 92 μM for mouse inducible NO synthase and rat brain constitutive NO synthase, respectively.
Inflexuside B, an abietane diterpenoid, can be isolated from the aerial parts of Isodon inflexus. Inflexuside B strongly inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated NO Synthase in RAW264.7 macrophages[1].
L-NIO is a potent, non-selective and NADPH-dependent nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, with Kis of 1.7, 3.9, 3.9 μM for neuronal (nNOS), endothelial (eNOS), and inducible (iNOS), respectively[1][2]. L-NIO induces a consistentfocal ischemic infarctin rats[2].
Bisacurone is a natural terpenoid, exhibits inhibitory activities on LPS-induced NO production with an IC50 of 29.8 μM[1].
Asperuloside is an iridoid isolated from Hedyotis diffusa, with anti-inflammatory activity. Asperuloside inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), suppresses NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways[1].
Nω-Propyl-L-arginine hydrochloride (N-omega-Propyl-L-arginine hydrochloride) is a potent, competitive, and highly selective inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), with a Ki of 57 nM. Nω-Propyl-L-arginine hydrochloride displays a 149-fold selectivity for nNOS over endothelial NOS (eNOS)[1][2].
Crocin II is isolated from the fruit of Gardenia jasminoides with antioxidant, anticancer, and antidepressant activity.Crocin II inhibits NO production with an IC50 value of 31.1 μM.Crocin II suppresses the expressions of protein and m-RNA of iNOS and COX-2[1].
Nyasol ((-)-Nyasol) is an active compound that has antifungal, antibacterial, antileishmanial, hyaluronidase inhibition activities. Nyasol inhibits LTB4 binding to human neutrophils. Nyasol suppresses neuroinflammatory response through the inhibition of I-κB degradation in LPS (HY-D1056)-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells[1][2].
Aminopicoline (Ascensil) is a potent and nonselective inhibitor of NO synthase (NOS) isoenzymes (iNOS, nNOS, eNOS)[1].
Beclometasone dipropionate monohydrate, the prodrug of Beclometasone, is an orally active and potent glucocorticoid recepter agonist. Beclometasone dipropionate monohydrate acts via a glucocorticoid receptor and suppresses inflammation and hyperproliferation. Beclometasone dipropionate monohydrate can be used for asthma [1][2].
Anemonin (Pulsatilla camphor), a selective iNOS inhibitor, is also a PKC-θ inhibitor. Anemonin can significantly inhibit the translation or protein stability of PKC-θ protein. Anemonin also ameliorates dextran sodium sulfate-induced acute ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice. Anemonin can be used in the research of inflammation-related diseases[1][2].
α7 nAchR-JAK2-STAT3 agonist 1 is a potent α7 nAchR-JAK2-STAT3 agonist, with an IC50 value of 0.32 μM for nitric oxide (NO). α7 nAchR-JAK2-STAT3 agonist 1 effectively suppresses the expression of iNOS, IL-1β, and IL-6 in murine RAW264.7 macrophages. α7 nAchR-JAK2-STAT3 agonist 1 can inhibit LPS-induced NO release, NF-κB activation and cytokine production. α7 nAchR-JAK2-STAT3 can be used for researching sepsis[1].
Irisflorentin, a naturally occurring isoflavone, is an abundant active constituent in Rhizoma Belamcandae. Irisflorentin markedly reduces the transcriptional and translational levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) as well as the production of NO. Anti-inflammatory activity[1].
(+)-Hannokinol can be isolated from AMOMUM TSAO-KO (ginger family) fruit. (+)-Hannokinol inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in BV2 microglia[1].
Lethedoside A is a natural flavonoid that shows inhibitory activity for LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells[1].
Kazinol B, a prenylated flavan with a dimethyl pyrane ring, is an inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) production. Kazinol B improves insulin sensitivity by enhancing glucose uptake via the insulin-Akt signaling pathway and AMPK activation. Kazinol B has the potential for diabetes mellitus research[1][2].
Aloenin aglycone (compound 13) is an NF-κB inhibitor that can be isolated from aloe exudate. Aloenin aglycone inhibits TNFα-induced NF-κB transcriptional activity (IC50: 18.7 μM). Aloenin aglycone (10 μM) also reduced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) gene expression after treatment of HepG2 cells with 10 ng/mL TNFα[1].
1,3,5-Trihydroxy-4-prenylxanthone is a Na+/H+ exchange system (Na+/H+ Exchanger (NHE)) inhibitor with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 10 μg/mL[1]. 1,3,5-Trihydroxy-4-prenylxanthone is a phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) (Phosphodiesterase (PDE)) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 3.0 μM[3]. 1,3,5-Trihydroxy-4-prenylxanthone inhibits Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (Lipopolysaccharides (HY-D1056))-induced NO production in RAW264.7 macrophages, and has anti-inflammatory activities[2].
7-Nitroindazole is a selective nNOS inhibitor with antinociceptive and cardiovascular effects. 7-Nitroindazole is a useful tool to evaluate the biological roles of nitric oxide in the central nervous system[1][2].
Asymmetric dimethylarginine dihydrochloride is an endogenous NO synthase inhibitor that reduces NO production, which contributes to endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease[1].
Desoxo-narchinol A is an orally active and potent anti-inflammatory agent. Desoxo-narchinol A can be isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Nardostachys jatamansi. Desoxo-narchinol A can be used for septic shock and inflammatory diseases research[1][2][3].
7,8-Dihydroneopterin, an inflammation marker, induces cellular apoptosis in astrocytes and neurons via enhancement of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. 7,8-Dihydroneopterin can be used in the research of neurodegenerative diseases[1].