Cell Cycle includes many processes necessary for successful self-replication, and consists of DNA synthesis (S) and mitosis (M) phases separated by gap phases in the order G1–S–G2–M. S phase and M phase are usually separated by gap phases called G1 and G2, when cell-cycle progression can be regulated by various intracellular and extracellular signals. In order to move from one phase of its life cycle to the next, a cell must pass through numerous checkpoints. At each checkpoint, specialized proteins determine whether the necessary conditions exist. Progression through G1 phase is controlled by pRB proteins, and phosphorylation of pRB proteins by CDKs releases E2F factors, promoting the transition to S phase. The G2/M transition that commits cells to division is a default consequence of initiating the cell cycle at the G1/S transition, many proteins, such Wee1, PLK1 and cdc25, is involved the regulation of this process. The best-understood checkpoints are those activated by DNA damage and problems with DNA replication.

DNA damage response (DDR) is a series of regulatory events including DNA damage, cell-cycle arrest, regulation of DNA replication, and repair or bypass of DNA damage to ensure the maintenance of genomic stability and cell viability. Genome instability arises if cells initiate mitosis when chromosomes are only partially replicated or are damaged by a double-strand DNA break (DSB). To prevent cells with damaged DNA from entering mitosis, ATR inhibits cyclin B/Cdk1 activation by stimulating the Cdk1 inhibitory kinase Wee1 and inhibiting Cdc25C via Chk1, besides, ATM and ATR also initiate DNA repair by phosphorylating several other substrates.

In cancer cells, the cell cycle regulators as well as other elements of the DDR pathway have been found to protect tumor cells from different stresses and to promote tumor progression. Thus, cell cycle proteins that directly regulate cell cycle progression (such as CDKs), as well as checkpoint kinases, Aurora kinases and PLKs, are promising targets in cancer therapy.

References:
[1] Rhind N, et al. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2012 Oct; 4(10): a005942.
[2] Duronio RJ, et al. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2013 Mar; 5(3): a008904.
[3] Liu W, et al. Mol Cancer. 2017 Mar 14;16(1):60.
[4] Ghelli Luserna di Rora' A, et al. J Hematol Oncol. 2017 Mar 29;10(1):77.


Anti-infection >
Arenavirus Bacterial CMV Enterovirus Filovirus Fungal HBV HCV HIV HSV Influenza Virus Parasite Reverse Transcriptase RSV SARS-CoV
Antibody-drug Conjugate >
ADC Cytotoxin ADC Linker Drug-Linker Conjugates for ADC PROTAC-linker Conjugate for PAC
Apoptosis >
Apoptosis Bcl-2 Family c-Myc Caspase DAPK Ferroptosis IAP MDM-2/p53 PKD RIP kinase Survivin Thymidylate Synthase TNF Receptor
Autophagy >
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Antifolate APC ATM/ATR Aurora Kinase Casein Kinase CDK Checkpoint Kinase (Chk) CRISPR/Cas9 Deubiquitinase DNA Alkylator/Crosslinker DNA-PK DNA/RNA Synthesis Eukaryotic Initiation Factor (eIF) G-quadruplex Haspin Kinase HDAC HSP IRE1 Kinesin LIM Kinase (LIMK) Microtubule/Tubulin Mps1 Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog p97 PAK PARP PERK Polo-like Kinase (PLK) PPAR RAD51 ROCK Sirtuin SRPK Telomerase TOPK Topoisomerase Wee1
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Metabolic Enzyme/Protease >
15-PGDH 5 alpha Reductase 5-Lipoxygenase Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Acyltransferase Adenosine Deaminase Adenosine Kinase Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Aldose Reductase Aminopeptidase Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) ATGL ATP Citrate Lyase Carbonic Anhydrase Carboxypeptidase Cathepsin CETP COMT Cytochrome P450 Dipeptidyl Peptidase Dopamine β-hydroxylase E1/E2/E3 Enzyme Elastase Enolase FAAH FABP Factor Xa Farnesyl Transferase Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) FXR Glucokinase GSNOR Gutathione S-transferase HCV Protease Hexokinase HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase HIV Integrase HIV Protease HMG-CoA Reductase (HMGCR) HSP Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) Lactate Dehydrogenase LXR MAGL Mineralocorticoid Receptor Mitochondrial Metabolism MMP Nampt NEDD8-activating Enzyme Neprilysin PAI-1 PDHK PGC-1α Phosphatase Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Phospholipase Procollagen C Proteinase Proteasome Pyruvate Kinase RAR/RXR Renin ROR Ser/Thr Protease SGK Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) Thrombin Tryptophan Hydroxylase Tyrosinase Xanthine Oxidase
Neuronal Signaling >
5-HT Receptor AChE Adenosine Kinase Amyloid-β Beta-secretase CaMK CGRP Receptor COMT Dopamine Receptor Dopamine Transporter FAAH GABA Receptor GlyT iGluR Imidazoline Receptor mAChR Melatonin Receptor Monoamine Oxidase nAChR Neurokinin Receptor Opioid Receptor Serotonin Transporter γ-secretase
NF-κB >
NF-κB IKK Keap1-Nrf2 MALT1
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Casein Kinase ERK Gli GSK-3 Hedgehog Hippo (MST) JAK Notch Oct3/4 PKA Porcupine ROCK sFRP-1 Smo STAT TGF-beta/Smad Wnt YAP β-catenin γ-secretase
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VD/VDR
Others >
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TGR-1202 Sulfate

Umbralisib sulfate is an orally active, potent and selective dual PI3Kδ and casein kinase-1-ε (CK1ε) inhibitor, with EC50 of 22.2 nM and 6.0 μM, respectively. Umbralisib sulfate exhibits unique immunomodulatory effects on chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) T cells. Umbralisib sulfate can be used for haematological malignancies reseach[1][2][3][4].

  • CAS Number: 1532533-75-7
  • MF: C31H26F3N5O7S
  • MW: 669.62800
  • Catalog: Casein Kinase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 125 - 127 °C
  • Flash Point: N/A

Docetaxal

Docetaxal (10-Acetyl docetaxel; PNU-101383), an analog of Docetaxel (HY-B0011), is a microtubule disassembly inhibitor, with antimitotic activity. Docetaxal has cytotoxicity for murine leukemic cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 125354-16-7
  • MF: C45H55NO15
  • MW: 849.916
  • Catalog: Microtubule/Tubulin
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 901.4±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 499.0±34.3 °C

SAR407899 (hydrochloride)

SAR407899 hydrochloride is a selective, potent and ATP-competitive ROCK inhibitor, with an IC50 of 135 nM for ROCK-2, and Kis of 36 nM and 41 nM for human and rat ROCK-2, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 923262-96-8
  • MF: C14H17ClN2O2
  • MW: 280.75000
  • Catalog: ROCK
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

eIF4E-IN-3

eIF4E-IN-3 is a potent inhibitor of eukaryotic initiation factor 4e (eIF4e). eIF4E-IN-3 has the potential for researching eIF4e dependent diseases, including the research of cancer (extracted from patent WO2021003157A1, compound 485)[1].

  • CAS Number: 2573979-29-8
  • MF: C34H30ClF3N6O4S
  • MW: 711.15
  • Catalog: Eukaryotic Initiation Factor (eIF)
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

T3D-959

T3D 959 (DB-959) is a potent, brain penetrant, orally active dual PPARδ/PPARγ agonist with EC50 of 19/297 nM, respectively; prevents STZ-induced neurotoxicity, and shows clear therapeutic and neuroprotective effects in an established model of sporadic AD. Alzheimer Disease Phase 2 Clinical

  • CAS Number: 1258076-66-2
  • MF: C25H26NNaO5
  • MW: 443.467
  • Catalog: PPAR
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

USP8-IN-3

USP8-IN-3 (Compd U51) is a deubiquitinase USP8 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 4.0 μM. USP8-IN-3 also inhibits the proliferation of GH3 and H1957 cells with GI50s of 37.03 μM and 6.01 μM, respectively[1].

  • CAS Number: 2477651-10-6
  • MF: C18H18F3N5O2S
  • MW: 425.43
  • Catalog: Deubiquitinase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

5'-O-DMT-N4-Bz-2'-OMe-rC

DMT-2'-OMe-Bz-C is a cytidine analog. Cytidine analogs have a mechanism of inhibiting DNA methyltransferases (such as Zebularine, HY-13420), and have potential anti-metabolic and anti-tumor activities[1].

  • CAS Number: 110764-74-4
  • MF: C38H37N3O8
  • MW: 663.72
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: 1.27±0.1 g/cm3(Predicted)
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Type II topoisomerase inhibitor 1

Type II topoisomerase inhibitor 1 is a potent and selective E. coli DNA gyrase inhibitor (IC50: 1.7 nM), and forms hydrogen bonds with Asp73 residue. Type II topoisomerase inhibitor 1 inhibits topoisomerase IV activity (IC50: 0.98 μM). Type II topoisomerase inhibitor 1 can be used in the research of antibacterial area[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 2245691-60-3
  • MF: C18H15N3O4
  • MW: 337.33
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

N4-Desmethyl-N5-Methyl wyosine

N4-Desmethyl-N5-Methyl wyosine is a guanosine analogue. Some guanosine analogs have immunostimulatory activity. In some animal models, they also induce type I interferons, producing antiviral effects. Studies have shown that the functional activity of guanosine analogs is dependent on the activation of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7)[1].

  • CAS Number: 59327-63-8
  • MF:
  • MW:
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

CHR-6494

CHR-6494 is a potent inhibitor of haspin, inhibiting histone H3T3 phosphorylation, with an IC50 of 2 nM.

  • CAS Number: 1333377-65-3
  • MF: C16H16N6
  • MW: 292.338
  • Catalog: Haspin Kinase
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

3’-β-C-Ethynyl-N6,N6-dimethyladenosine

3’-β-C-Ethynyl-N6,N6-dimethyladenosine is an adenosine analog. Adenosine analogs mostly act as smooth muscle vasodilators and have also been shown to inhibit cancer progression. Its popular products are adenosine phosphate, Acadesine (HY-13417), Clofarabine (HY-A0005), Fludarabine phosphate (HY-B0028) and Vidarabine (HY-B0277)[1].

  • CAS Number: 565450-82-0
  • MF: C14H17N5O4
  • MW: 319.32
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

2-(2-Propyn-1-yl)octanoic acid

2-Hexyl-4-pentynoic acid ((±)-2-Hexyl-4-pentynoic acid), valproic acid (VPA) derivative, exhibits potential roles of HDAC inhibition (IC50=13 µM) and HSP70 induction. Potent neuroprotective effects. 2-Hexyl-4-pentynoic acid causes histone hyperacetylation and protect against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in cultured neurons[1].

  • CAS Number: 96017-59-3
  • MF: C11H18O2
  • MW: 182.259
  • Catalog: HDAC
  • Density: 1.0±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 287.1±23.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 138.7±17.3 °C

DL-Sulforaphane

Sulforaphane is an isothiocyanate present naturally in widely consumed vegetables; has shown anticancer and cardioprotective activities.

  • CAS Number: 4478-93-7
  • MF: C6H11NOS2
  • MW: 177.288
  • Catalog: HDAC
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 368.2±25.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 176.5±23.2 °C

m7Gpppm6AmpG

m7Gpppm6AmpG is a trinucleotide mRNA 5’ cap analogs. m7Gpppm6AmpG can be used for RNA synthesis in vitro[1].

  • CAS Number: 71340-22-2
  • MF: C33H45N15O24P4
  • MW: 1159.69
  • Catalog: DNA/RNA Synthesis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

5'-Deoxy-5-fluorocytidine

5-Fluoro-5'-deoxycytidine is a cytidine analog. Cytidine analogs have a mechanism of inhibiting DNA methyltransferases (such as Zebularine, HY-13420), and have potential anti-metabolic and anti-tumor activities[1].

  • CAS Number: 66335-38-4
  • MF: C9H12FN3O4
  • MW: 245.21
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: 1.8±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 437.9±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 196-198ºC
  • Flash Point: 218.6±31.5 °C

Foscarnet sodium

Foscarnet sodium (Trisodium phosphonoformate) is a viral DNA polymerase activity inhibitor, leading to reversible suppression of viral replication. Foscarnet sodium is an antiherpesvirus agent used in cytomegalovirus retinitis[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 63585-09-1
  • MF: CNa3O5P
  • MW: 191.951
  • Catalog: DNA/RNA Synthesis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 270-272°C
  • Melting Point: 62-65 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 270-272°C

hSMG-1 inhibitor 11j

hSMG-1 inhibitor 11j, a pyrimidine derivative, is a potent and selective inhibitor of hSMG-1, with an IC50 of 0.11 nM. hSMG-1 inhibitor 11j exhibits >455-fold selectivity for hSMG-1 over mTOR (IC50=50 nM), PI3Kα/γ (IC50=92/60 nM) and CDK1/CDK2 (IC50=32/7.1 μM). hSMG-1 inhibitor 11j can be used for the research of cancer[1].

  • CAS Number: 1402452-15-6
  • MF: C27H28ClN7O3S
  • MW: 566.074
  • Catalog: CDK
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Busulfan-D8

Busulfan-D8 is a deuterium labeled Busulfan. Busulfan is an alkyl sulfonate that acts as an alkylating antineoplastic agent. Busulfan forms both intra- and interstrand crosslinks on DNA. In mammals, Busulfan causes profound and prolonged reduction in the generation of hematopoietic progenitors without significantly affecting lymphocyte levels or humoral antibody responses.

  • CAS Number: 116653-28-2
  • MF: C6H6D8O6S2
  • MW: 254.351
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 464.0±28.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 112-114ºC
  • Flash Point: 234.4±24.0 °C

Lerzeparib

Lerzeparib is an (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, with antineoplastic activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 2459693-01-5
  • MF: C21H20FN3O2
  • MW: 365.40
  • Catalog: PARP
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

5-Carboxymethyl-2-thiouridine

5-Carboxymethyl-2-thiouridine is a purine nucleoside analog. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].

  • CAS Number: 58479-77-9
  • MF: C11H14N2O7S
  • MW: 318.30
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Zidovudine

Zidovudine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), widely used to treat HIV infection. Zidovudine increases CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing frequency.

  • CAS Number: 30516-87-1
  • MF: C10H13N5O4
  • MW: 267.241
  • Catalog: HIV
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 113-115 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: N/A

5’-Deoxy-5’-iodo-2’-O-(2-methoxyethyl)uridine

5’-Deoxy-5’-iodo-2’-O-(2-methoxyethyl)uridine is a purine nucleoside analog. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].

  • CAS Number: 2095417-41-5
  • MF:
  • MW:
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

NMS-873

NMS-873 is a potent, selective allosteric VCP/p97 inhibitor with IC50 value of 30 nM.

  • CAS Number: 1418013-75-8
  • MF: C27H28N4O3S2
  • MW: 520.666
  • Catalog: p97
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 769.3±70.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 419.0±35.7 °C

9-Methoxycamptothecine

9-Methoxycamptothecin (MCPT), isolated from Nothapodytes foetida, has antitumor activities through topoisomerase inhibition. 9-Methoxycamptothecin (MCPT) induces strong G2/M arrest and apoptosis in cancer[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 39026-92-1
  • MF: C21H18N2O5
  • MW: 378.378
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 773.1±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 223-225 ºC
  • Flash Point: 421.4±32.9 °C

ROCK-IN-9

ROCK-IN-9 (Compound T345) is a ROCK inhibitor. ROCK-IN-9 shows cytotoxicity in HepG2 cell, with an IC50 of 40.8 μM. ROCK-IN-9 has good pharmacokinetic properties in mice, and shows high in vivo exposure and oral bioavailability at lower doses[1].

  • CAS Number: 2643334-76-1
  • MF: C20H20FN5O2
  • MW: 381.40
  • Catalog: ROCK
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

1-(2'-O-4-C-Methylene-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)thymine

1-(2'-O-4-C-Methylene-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)thymine is a bicyclic nucleoside.

  • CAS Number: 206055-67-6
  • MF: C11H14N2O6
  • MW: 270.23900
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: 1.598
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Cytidine-13C-1

Cytidine-13C-1 is the 13C labeled Cytidine. Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside and acts as a component of RNA. Cytidine is a precursor of uridine. Cytidine controls neuronal-glial glutamate cycling, affecting cerebral phospholipid metabolism, catecholami

  • CAS Number: 478511-19-2
  • MF: C9H13N3O5
  • MW: 244.20900
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

(S)-CR8

(S)-CR8 is the S-isomer of CR8. (S)-CR8 is a potent and selective CDK inhibitor with IC50s of 0.060, 0.080, 0.11, 0.12, and 0.15 μM for CDK2/cyclin E, CDK2/cyclin A, CDK9/cyclin T, CDK5/p25, and CDK1/cyclin B, respectively. (S)-CR8 reduces SH-SY5Y cells survival (IC50 0.40 μM)[1].

  • CAS Number: 1084893-56-0
  • MF: C24H29N7O
  • MW: 431.53300
  • Catalog: CDK
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

1,3,5(10)-Estratrien-3,4,17beta-triol 4-methyl ether

4-Methoxyestradiol is methoxylestradiol that induces oxidative DNA damage in human lung epithelial cells. 4-Methoxyestradiol also elevates ROS and SOD activities in H1355 cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 26788-23-8
  • MF: C19H26O3
  • MW: 302.40800
  • Catalog: DNA/RNA Synthesis
  • Density: 1.178g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 472ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 239.2ºC

2-Methylamino-N6-methyladenosine

2-Methylamino-N6-methyladenosine is a purine nucleoside analogue. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].

  • CAS Number: 28360-91-0
  • MF: C12H18N6O4
  • MW: 310.31
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: 1.8±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 697.9±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 375.9±34.3 °C