Cell apoptosis, sometimes called programmed cell death, is a cellular self-destruction method to remove old and damaged cells during development and aging to protect cells from external disturbances and maintain homeostasis. Apoptosis also occurs as a defense mechanism such as in immune reactions or when cells are damaged by disease or noxious agents.

Apoptosis is controlled by many genes and involves two fundamental pathways: the extrinsic pathway, which transmits death signals by the death receptor (DR), and the intrinsic or mitochondrial pathway. The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is activated by the binding of the death ligand to DRs, including FasL, TNF-α, and TRAIL, on the plasma membrane. The DR, adaptor protein (FADD), and associated apoptosis signaling molecule (caspase-8) form the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), thus leading to the activation of the effector caspase cascade (caspase-3, -6, and -7). The mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis pathway is regulated by Bcl-2 family proteins, including proapoptotic (Bid, Bax, Bak) and antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL).

Abnormalities in cell apoptosis can be a significant component of diseases such as cancer, autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, AIDS, ischemia, and neurode-generative diseases. These diseases may benefit from artificially inhibiting or activating apoptosis. A short list of potential methods of anti-apoptotic therapy includes stimulation of the IAP (inhibitors of apoptosis proteins) family of proteins, caspase inhibition, PARP (poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase) inhibition, stimulation of the PKB/Akt (protein kinase B) pathway, and inhibition of Bcl-2 proteins.

Ferroptosis and necroptosis are recently recognized forms of regulated cell death that differs considerably from apoptosis. Misregulated ferroptosis or necroptosis have also been implicated in multiple physiological and pathological processes, including cancer cell death, neurotoxicity, neurodegenerative diseases, etc.

References:
[1] Susan Elmore. Toxicol Pathol. 2007; 35(4): 495–516.
[2] Cao L, et al. J Cell Death. 2016 Dec 29;9:19-29.
[3] Dasgupta A, et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Jan; 18(1): 23.
[4] Xie Y, et al. Cell Death Differ. 2016 Mar;23(3):369-79.


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KPT 251

KPT-251 is an orally active chromosome region maintenance 1 protein (CRM1) inhibitor. KPT-251 induces cancer cell apoptosis and shows antileukemic activity[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1388841-50-6
  • MF: C14H7F6N5O
  • MW: 375.22900
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

PROTAC MDM2 Degrader-4

PROTAC MDM2 Degrader-4 is a MDM2 degrader based on PROTAC technology. PROTAC MDM2 Degrader-4 composes of a potent MDM2 inhibitor, linker, and the MDM2 ligand for E3 ubiquitin ligase[1].

  • CAS Number: 2249750-24-9
  • MF: C70H74Cl4N8O14
  • MW: 1393.19
  • Catalog: MDM-2/p53
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

p53 and MDM2 proteins-interaction-inhibitor chiral

p53 and MDM2 proteins-interaction-inhibitor (chiral) (Compound 32) is an inhibitor of the interaction between p53 and MDM2 proteins.

  • CAS Number: 939981-37-0
  • MF: C40H49Cl2N5O4
  • MW: 734.75400
  • Catalog: MDM-2/p53
  • Density: 1.24g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 788.563ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 430.708ºC

MRT00033659

MRT00033659 is a potent broad-spectrum kinase inhibitor of CK1 (IC50=0.9 µM for CK1δ) and CHK1 (IC50=0.23 µM). MRT00033659, a pyrazolo-pyridine analogue, induces p53 pathway activation and E2F-1 destabilisation[1].

  • CAS Number: 1401731-54-1
  • MF: C15H14N4O
  • MW: 266.30
  • Catalog: MDM-2/p53
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Eclitasertib

Eclitasertib (DNL-758) is a potent receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) inhibitor with an IC50 of <1 µΜ (From patent WO2017136727A2, example 42)[1].

  • CAS Number: 2125450-76-0
  • MF: C19H18N6O3
  • MW: 378.38
  • Catalog: RIP kinase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Belotecan

Belotecan (CKD-602 free base) is a DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor. Belotecan induces cell apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest. Belotecan is a camptothecin analogue with anti-tumor effects, it can be used for the research of cancer[1].

  • CAS Number: 256411-32-2
  • MF: C25H27N3O4
  • MW: 433.500
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 772.4±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 420.9±32.9 °C

VBIT-4

VBIT-4 is an inhibitor of voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) oligomerization with a binding affinity (Kd) of 17 μM. VBIT-4, as an apoptosis inhibitor, can be used for therapeutic purposes in apoptosis-associated disorders, such as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases[1].

  • CAS Number: 2086257-77-2
  • MF: C21H23ClF3N3O3
  • MW: 457.87
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

AZD-5991 Racemate

AZD-5991 Racemate is the racemate of AZD-5991. AZD-5991 Racemate is a Mcl-1 inhibitor with an IC50 of <3 nM in FRET assay.

  • CAS Number: 2143010-83-5
  • MF: C35H34ClN5O3S2
  • MW: 672.26
  • Catalog: Bcl-2 Family
  • Density: 1.42±0.1 g/cm3(Predicted)
  • Boiling Point: 949.6±65.0 °C(Predicted)
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Oleic acid-d9

Oleic acid-d9 is deuterium labeled Oleic acid. Oleic acid is an abundant monounsaturated fatty acid. Oleic acid is a Na+/K+ ATPase activator[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 2687960-84-3
  • MF: C18H25D9O2
  • MW: 291.52
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Bad BH3 (mouse)

Bad BH3 (mouse) is a biological active peptide. (This is a bcl-2 binding peptide. This peptide is derived from the BH3 domain (a death domain) of Bad, amino acid residues 140 to 165.)

  • CAS Number: 505070-07-5
  • MF: C133H204N40O38S
  • MW: 3003.35
  • Catalog: Bcl-2 Family
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Desmorpholinyl Navitoclax-NH-Me

Desmorpholinyl Navitoclax-NH-Me is a Bcl-xL inhibitor. Desmorpholinyl Navitoclax-NH-Me and a CRBN ligand for the E3 ubiquitin ligase can be used in the synthesis of PROTAC BCL-XL degrader XZ739 (HY-133557)[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 2365172-82-1
  • MF: C44H51ClF3N5O5S3
  • MW: 918.55
  • Catalog: Bcl-2 Family
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

4-Methyldaphnetin

4-Methyldaphnetin is a precursor in the synthesis of derivatives of 4-methyl coumarin. 4-Methyldaphnetin has potent, selective anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing effects on several cancer cell lines. 4-Methyldaphnetin possesses radical scavenging property and strongly inhibits membrane lipid peroxidation[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 2107-77-9
  • MF: C10H8O4
  • MW: 192.168
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 421.5±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 242-246 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 176.0±22.2 °C

MAO-B-IN-26

MAO-B-IN-26 (Compound IC9) is a MAO-B and acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. MAO-B-IN-26 protects SH?SY5Y cells against Aβ induced cytotoxicity, morphological changes, ROS generation and membrane damage. MAO-B-IN-26 also inhibits Aβ induced autophagy and apoptosis. MAO-B-IN-26 can be used as a neuroprotective agent against Alzheimer’s disease[1].

  • CAS Number: 38470-71-2
  • MF: C17H12BrNO
  • MW: 326.19
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Anticancer agent 67

Anticancer agent 67 (Compound 13g) is an anti-cancer agent. Anticancer agent 67 induces apoptosis and increases sub-G1 cell population in MCF-7 cells. Anticancer agent 67 is a ciprofloxacin analog[1].

  • CAS Number: 2691895-66-4
  • MF: C26H24F2N6O2S2
  • MW: 554.63
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

azoxystrobin

Azoxystrobin is a broad-spectrum β-methoxyacrylate fungicide. Azoxystrobin inhibits mitochondrial respiration by binding to the Qo site of the cytochrome bc1 complex and inhibiting electron transfer. Azoxystrobin induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induces cell apoptosis.

  • CAS Number: 131860-33-8
  • MF: C22H17N3O5
  • MW: 403.388
  • Catalog: Fungal
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 581.3±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 118 - 119ºC
  • Flash Point: 305.3±30.1 °C

Fosinopril

Fosinopril (SQ28555) is the ester prodrug of an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor with the IC50 value of 0.18 μM[1]. Fosinopril demonstrates a non-competitive inhibition effect on ACE activity with a Ki value of 1.675 μM[2].

  • CAS Number: 98048-97-6
  • MF: C30H46NO7P
  • MW: 563.66300
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.173 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 705.7ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 149-153ºC
  • Flash Point: 380.6ºC

PI3Kδ-IN-16

PI3Kδ-IN-16 is a potent and selective inhibitor of PI3Kδ. PI3Kδ-IN-16 has a strong anti-proliferative effect on cells, causing cell cycle arrest and inducing apoptosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 2766437-35-6
  • MF: C22H26N6O2
  • MW: 406.48
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Lilotomab

Lilotomab (HH1) is a murine anti-CD37 monoclonal antibody. Lilotomab reduces clonogenic survival. Lilotomab shows anti-tumor activity[1].

  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

DC-CPin711

DC-CPin711 is a potent and selective inhibitor of CREB-binding protein (CBP) bromodomain with an IC50 of 0.0626 μM. DC-CPin711 arrests cell cycle at G1 phase and induces apoptosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 2447559-21-7
  • MF: C23H22N4O2
  • MW: 386.45
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Mycro 3

Mycro 3 is potent and selective for c-Myc in whole cell assays.

  • CAS Number: 944547-46-0
  • MF: C24H17ClF2N6O4
  • MW: 526.879
  • Catalog: c-Myc
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Xevinapant hydrochloride

Xevinapant (AT-406) hydrochloride is a potent and orally bioavailable Smac mimetic and an antagonist of the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs). Xevinapant hydrochloride binds to XIAP, cIAP1, and cIAP2 proteins with Kis of 66.4, 1.9, and 5.1 nM, respectively. Xevinapant hydrochloride effectively antagonizes XIAP BIR3 protein in a cell-free functional assay, induces rapid degradation of cellular cIAP1 protein, and inhibits cancer cell growth in various human cancer cell lines. Xevinapant hydrochloride is highly effective in induction of apoptosis in xenograft tumors[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1071992-57-8
  • MF: C32H44ClN5O4
  • MW: 598.18
  • Catalog: IAP
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

G5

Ubiquitin Isopeptidase Inhibitor I, G5 (NSC 144303) is an apoptosome-independent caspase and apoptosis activator with IC50 values of 1.76 and 1.6 μM in E1A and E1A/C9DN cells, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 108477-18-5
  • MF: C19H14N2O7S
  • MW: 414.38900
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Emricasan

Emricasan (PF 03491390) is an irreversible pan-caspase inhibitor.

  • CAS Number: 254750-02-2
  • MF: C26H27F4N3O7
  • MW: 569.502
  • Catalog: Caspase
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

c-Myc inhibitor 8

c-Myc inhibitor 8 (compound 56) is a c-Myc inhibitor. c-Myc inhibitor 8 effectively inhibits cell viability of a variety of cancer cells. c-Myc inhibitor 8 inhibits human prostate and lung cancer growth in mouse models. c-Myc inhibitor 8 can be used for cancer research[1].

  • CAS Number: 2173505-97-8
  • MF: C19H12BrClF3NO3S2
  • MW: 538.79
  • Catalog: c-Myc
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

L-Glutamine-15N2

L-Glutamine-15N2 (L-Glutamic acid 5-amide-15N2) is the 15N-labeled L-Glutamine. L-Glutamine (L-Glutamic acid 5-amide) is a non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and involved in many metabolic processes. L-Glutamine provides a source of carbons for oxidation in some cells[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 204451-48-9
  • MF: C5H1015N2O3
  • MW: 148.13100
  • Catalog: Ferroptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 185ºC (dec.)(lit.)
  • Flash Point: N/A

4-Vinylphenol

4-Vinylphenol is found in the medicinal herb Hedyotis diffusa Willd, wild rice and is also the metabolite of p-coumaric and ferulic acid by lactic acid bacteria in wine. 4-Vinylphenol induces apoptosis and inhibits blood vessels formation and suppresses invasive breast tumor growth in vivo[1].

  • CAS Number: 2628-17-3
  • MF: C8H8O
  • MW: 120.148
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 206.2±9.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 73 °C
  • Flash Point: 92.3±8.4 °C

GSK547

GSK547, a highly selective and potent RIP1 inhibitor, inhibits macrophage-mediated adaptive immune tolerance in pancreatic cancer[1].

  • CAS Number: 2226735-55-1
  • MF: C20H18F2N6O
  • MW: 396.39
  • Catalog: RIP kinase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

VEGFR-2-IN-28

VEGFR-2-IN-28 (compound 12c) is a potent VEGFR-2 inhibitor with IC50 value of 0.83 µM. VEGFR-2-IN-28 induces apoptosis and has anticancer activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 2447597-39-7
  • MF: C26H17N7O7
  • MW: 539.46
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

bpV(phen) trihydrate

bpV(phen) trihydrate, a insulin-mimetic agent, is a potent protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) and PTEN inhibitor with IC50s of 38 nM, 343 nM and 920 nM for PTEN, PTP-β and PTP-1B, respectively. bpV(phen) trihydrate inhibits proliferation of the protozoan parasite Leishmania in vitro. bpV(phen) trihydrate strongly induces the secretion of a large number of chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and it activates a Th1-type pathway (IL-12, IFNγ). bpV(phen) trihydrate can also induce cell apoptosis, and has anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor activity[1][2][3][4][5].

  • CAS Number: 171202-16-7
  • MF: C12H14KN2O8V++
  • MW: 404.28800
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

CS-1

CS1 is a potent DNA Topo II α inhibitor. CS1 displays broad-spectrum in vitro antitumor effects, low toxicity in vivo and potential anti-multidrug resistance capabilities. CS1 leads to DNA damage, cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and apoptosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 1448009-94-6
  • MF: C16H12O3
  • MW: 252.265
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 508.8±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 251.3±23.3 °C