Cell apoptosis, sometimes called programmed cell death, is a cellular self-destruction method to remove old and damaged cells during development and aging to protect cells from external disturbances and maintain homeostasis. Apoptosis also occurs as a defense mechanism such as in immune reactions or when cells are damaged by disease or noxious agents.

Apoptosis is controlled by many genes and involves two fundamental pathways: the extrinsic pathway, which transmits death signals by the death receptor (DR), and the intrinsic or mitochondrial pathway. The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is activated by the binding of the death ligand to DRs, including FasL, TNF-α, and TRAIL, on the plasma membrane. The DR, adaptor protein (FADD), and associated apoptosis signaling molecule (caspase-8) form the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), thus leading to the activation of the effector caspase cascade (caspase-3, -6, and -7). The mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis pathway is regulated by Bcl-2 family proteins, including proapoptotic (Bid, Bax, Bak) and antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL).

Abnormalities in cell apoptosis can be a significant component of diseases such as cancer, autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, AIDS, ischemia, and neurode-generative diseases. These diseases may benefit from artificially inhibiting or activating apoptosis. A short list of potential methods of anti-apoptotic therapy includes stimulation of the IAP (inhibitors of apoptosis proteins) family of proteins, caspase inhibition, PARP (poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase) inhibition, stimulation of the PKB/Akt (protein kinase B) pathway, and inhibition of Bcl-2 proteins.

Ferroptosis and necroptosis are recently recognized forms of regulated cell death that differs considerably from apoptosis. Misregulated ferroptosis or necroptosis have also been implicated in multiple physiological and pathological processes, including cancer cell death, neurotoxicity, neurodegenerative diseases, etc.

References:
[1] Susan Elmore. Toxicol Pathol. 2007; 35(4): 495–516.
[2] Cao L, et al. J Cell Death. 2016 Dec 29;9:19-29.
[3] Dasgupta A, et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Jan; 18(1): 23.
[4] Xie Y, et al. Cell Death Differ. 2016 Mar;23(3):369-79.


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Anticancer agent 55

Anticancer agent 55 is a potent anticancer agent. Anticancer agent 55 shows anticancer activity via reducing the cell viability and cell migration in a dose-dependent manner. Anticancer agent 55 induces apoptosis. Anticancer agent 55 has the potential for the research of prostate cancer and breast cancer[1].

  • CAS Number: 2408800-91-7
  • MF: C28H21Br2FN2O2
  • MW: 596.28
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

MK-886 (sodium salt)

MK-886 (L 663536) sodium salt is a potent, cell-permeable and orally active FLAP (IC50 of 30 nM) and leukotriene biosynthesis (IC50s of 3 nM and 1.1 μM in intact leukocytes and human whole blood, respectively) inhibitor. MK-886 sodium salt is also a non-competitive PPARα antagonist and can induce apoptosis[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 118427-55-7
  • MF: C27H33ClNNaO2S
  • MW: 494.06
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

ZIO 101

Darinaparsin (ZIO-101), an organic arsenical, is a mitochondrial-targeted agent. Darinaparsin induces apoptosis in ancer cells, and has anticancer effects[1].

  • CAS Number: 69819-86-9
  • MF: C12H22AsN3O6S
  • MW: 411.30600
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

PDE5/HDAC-IN-1

PDE5/HDAC-IN-1 (Compound 26) is a potent phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) and HDAC inhibitor with IC50 values of 46.3 nM and 14.5 nM, respectively. PDE5/HDAC-IN-1 induces cell apoptosis and shows anticancer activities[1].

  • CAS Number: 2414921-48-3
  • MF: C27H29BrN4O4
  • MW: 553.45
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

EB1

EB1 is the inhibitor of kinases MNK with IC50s of 0.69 μM (MNK1) and 9.4 μM (MNK2). EB1 selectively inhibits the growth of cancer cells, but not normal cells. EB1 also increases cell apoptosis and suppresses eIF4E phosphorylation[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 42951-68-8
  • MF: C18H14N4
  • MW: 286.33100
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Doxorubicin hydrochloride

Doxorubicin is a cytotoxic anthracycline antibiotic for the treatment of multiple cancers. The possible mechanisms by which doxorubicin acts in the cancer cell are intercalation into DNA and disruption of topoisomerase-II-mediated DNA repair.

  • CAS Number: 23214-92-8
  • MF: C27H29NO11
  • MW: 543.52
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: 1.61 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 205ºC
  • Flash Point: 443.8ºC

ANO1-IN-3

ANO1-IN-3 (Compound 3n) is a potent and selective ANO1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.23 μM. ANO1-IN-3 induces apoptosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 2494280-04-3
  • MF: C20H17NO3
  • MW: 319.35
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Odoroside A

Odoroside A is an active ingredient extracted from the leaves of Nerium oleander Linn. Odoroside A has anti-cancer activity. Odoroside A could induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest through ROS/p53 signaling pathway, leading to the tumor cell death[1].

  • CAS Number: 12738-19-1
  • MF: C30H46O7
  • MW: 518.68200
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.22g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 662.5ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 211.8ºC

PI3K/AKT-IN-2

PI3K/AKT-IN-2 (Compound 12c) is a PI3K and AKT inhibitor. PI3K/AKT-IN-2 blocks the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and induces apoptosis. PI3K/AKT-IN-2 inhibits the polymerization of tubulin[1].

  • CAS Number: 2684412-41-5
  • MF: C32H27BrO10
  • MW: 651.45
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Bendamustine-d8 hydrochloride

Bendamustine-d8 (hydrochloride) is deuterium labeled Bendamustine (hydrochloride). Bendamustine hydrochloride (SDX-105), a purine analogue, is a DNA cross-linking agent. Bendamustine hydrochloride activats DNA-damage stress response and apoptosis. Bendamustine hydrochloride has potent alkylating, anticancer and antimetabolite properties[1].

  • CAS Number: 1185068-23-8
  • MF: C16H14D8Cl3N3O2
  • MW: 402.77
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Lidocaine-d10 hydrochloride

Lidocaine-d10 (Lignocaine-d10) hydrochloride is the deuterium labeled Lidocaine hydrochloride. Lidocaine hydrochloride (Lignocaine hydrochloride) inhibits sodium channels involving complex voltage and using dependence[1]. Lidocaine hydrochloride decreases growth, migration and invasion of gastric carcinoma cells via up-regulating miR-145 expression and further inactivation of MEK/ERK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Lidocaine hydrochloride is an amide derivative commonly used to anesthetize. hydrochloride is a a drug to treat ventricular arrhythmia and an effective tumor-inhibitor[2].

  • CAS Number: 1189959-13-4
  • MF: C14H15ClD8N2O
  • MW: 278.84800
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

flaccidoside II

Flaccidoside II inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) cell lines. Flaccidoside II ameliorates collagen-induced arthritis in mice. Flaccidoside II is an active triterpenoid saponin constituent from Anemone flaccida rhizome[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 140694-19-5
  • MF: C59H96O25
  • MW: 1205.38
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Sodium 4-Phenylbutyrate-d11

Phenylbutyrate-d11 (sodium) is deuterium labeled Sodium 4-phenylbutyrate. Sodium 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA sodium) is an inhibitor of HDAC and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, used in cancer and infection research[1].

  • CAS Number: 1392208-11-5
  • MF: C10D11NaO2
  • MW: 197.25
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

WR-1065

WR-1065 dihydrochloride can protect normal tissues from the toxic effects of certain cancer drugs and activate p53 through a JNK-dependent signaling pathway.

  • CAS Number: 14653-77-1
  • MF: C5H16Cl2N2S
  • MW: 207.16
  • Catalog: MDM-2/p53
  • Density: 0.975g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 218.6ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 86ºC

Thailanstatin D

Thailanstatin D, an analogue of Thailanstatin A, is able to inhibit AR-V7 gene splicing by interfering the interaction between U2AF65 and SAP155 and preventing them from binding to polypyrimidine tract located between the branch point and the 3' splice site. Thailanstatin D exhibits a potent tumor inhibitory effect on human CRPC xenografts leading to cell apoptosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 1609105-89-6
  • MF: C28H41NO8
  • MW: 519.63
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Mcl-1 inhibitor 8

Mcl-1 inhibitor 8 is a MCL-1 inhibitor, example 228, extracted from patent WO2019222112[1].

  • CAS Number: 2388471-31-4
  • MF: C38H46ClN5O6S
  • MW: 736.32
  • Catalog: Bcl-2 Family
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Duocarmycin A

Duocarmycin A, which is one of well-known antitumor antibiotics, efficiently alkylates adenine N3 at the 3′ end of AT-rich sequences in the DNA. Duocarmycin A, as a chemotherapeutic agent, results HLC-2 cells typically apoptotic changes, including chromatin condensation, sub-G1 accumulation in DNA histogram pattern, and decrease in procaspase-3 and 9 levels[1].

  • CAS Number: 118292-34-5
  • MF: C26H25N3O8
  • MW: 507.49200
  • Catalog: ADC Cytotoxin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Pioglitazone-d4 (alkyl)

Pioglitazone-d4 (alkyl) (U 72107-d4 (alkyl)) is the deuterium labeled Pioglitazone. Pioglitazone (U 72107) is a potent and selective PPARγ agonist with high affinity binding to the PPARγ ligand-binding domain with EC50 of 0.93 and 0.99 μM for human and mouse PPARγ, respectively[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1134163-31-7
  • MF: C19H16D4N2O3S
  • MW: 360.46300
  • Catalog: Ferroptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

(2S,3S,4E)-2-Amino-4-octadecene-1,3-diol

L-threo-Sphingosine is a potent MAPK inhibitor. L-threo-Sphingosine induces apoptosis and clear DNA fragmentation. L-threo-Sphingosine shows anticancer effect[1].

  • CAS Number: 25695-95-8
  • MF: C18H37NO2
  • MW: 299.492
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 0.9±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 445.9±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 223.5±28.7 °C

PROTAC HDAC6 degrader 1

PROTAC HDAC6 degrader (Compound A6) is a potent and selective PROTAC HDAC6 degrader with a DC50 of 3.5 nM. PROTAC HDAC6 degrader shows promising antiproliferative activity via inducing apoptosis in myeloid leukemia cell lines[1].

  • CAS Number: 2785404-76-2
  • MF: C37H46N6O10
  • MW: 734.80
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Anticancer agent 47

Anticancer agent 47 (compound 4j) is a potent anticancer agent. Anticancer agent 47 shows antiproliferative activities. Anticancer agent 47 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. Anticancer agent 47 shows shows antitumor activities in vivo[1].

  • CAS Number: 2461795-23-1
  • MF: C19H14N2O4S
  • MW: 366.39
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

5-Aminolevulinic acid-4-13C hydrochloride

5-Aminolevulinic acid-4-13C (hydrochloride) is the 13C labeled 5-Aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride[1]. 5-Aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride (5-ALA hydrochloride) is an intermediate in heme biosynthesis in the body and the universal precursor of tetrapyrroles[2][3].

  • CAS Number: 129720-94-1
  • MF: C413CH10ClNO3
  • MW: 168.58
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

AX-024

AX-024 is an cytokine release inhibitor which can strongly inhibit the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-10 and IL-17A.

  • CAS Number: 1370544-73-2
  • MF: C21H22FNO2
  • MW: 339.40
  • Catalog: TNF Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Pifithrin-β (hydrobromide)

Pifithrin-β is a potent p53 inhibitor with an IC50 of 23 μM.

  • CAS Number: 511296-88-1
  • MF: C16H17BrN2S
  • MW: 349.289
  • Catalog: MDM-2/p53
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

A-1155463

A-1155463 is a highly potent and selective BCL-XL inhibitor with an EC50 of 70 nM in Molt-4 cell.

  • CAS Number: 1235034-55-5
  • MF: C35H32FN5O4S2
  • MW: 669.788
  • Catalog: Bcl-2 Family
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Sinomenine

Sinomenine, an alkaloid extracted from Sinomenium acutum, is a blocker of the NF-κB activation[1]. Sinomenine also is an activator of μ-opioid receptor[2].

  • CAS Number: 115-53-7
  • MF: C19H23NO4
  • MW: 329.390
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 513.6±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 180ºC
  • Flash Point: 264.4±30.1 °C

Antitumor agent-53

Antitumor agent-53 is a potent antitumor agent. Antitumor agent-53 induces cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Antitumor agent-53 inhibits the PI3K/AKT pathway to induce the apoptosis of HGC-27 cells. Antitumor agent-53 has the potential for the research of gastrointestinal tumors[1].

  • CAS Number: 2757145-67-6
  • MF: C24H18FN3O
  • MW: 383.42
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Cereblon modulator 1

Cereblon modulator 1 (compound F) is a cereblon (CRBN) E3 ligase modulator. Cereblon modulator 1 specifically binds to CRBN, thereby affecting the activity of the ubiquitin E3 ligase complex. This leads to the ubiquitination of certain substrate proteins and induces the proteasome-mediated degradation of certain transcription factors, including Ikaros (IKZF1) and Aiolos (IKZF3)[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1860875-51-9
  • MF: C22H18ClF2N3O4
  • MW: 461.85
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Violacein

Violacein, a secondary metabolite produced by several microorganisms, possesses potent anticancer and low side effects. Violacein possesses antioxidant properties. Apoptosis inducer[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 548-54-9
  • MF: C20H13N3O3
  • MW: 343.34
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.549g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 821.4ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 450.6ºC

Ac-Leu-Glu-His-Asp-AFC trifluoroacetate salt

Ac-LEHD-AFC is a fluorescent substrate for caspase-9, can be used to assess the activity of caspase[1].

  • CAS Number: 210345-03-2
  • MF: C33H38F3N7O11
  • MW: 765.690
  • Catalog: Caspase
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 1211.9±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 686.7±34.3 °C