Cell apoptosis, sometimes called programmed cell death, is a cellular self-destruction method to remove old and damaged cells during development and aging to protect cells from external disturbances and maintain homeostasis. Apoptosis also occurs as a defense mechanism such as in immune reactions or when cells are damaged by disease or noxious agents.

Apoptosis is controlled by many genes and involves two fundamental pathways: the extrinsic pathway, which transmits death signals by the death receptor (DR), and the intrinsic or mitochondrial pathway. The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is activated by the binding of the death ligand to DRs, including FasL, TNF-α, and TRAIL, on the plasma membrane. The DR, adaptor protein (FADD), and associated apoptosis signaling molecule (caspase-8) form the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), thus leading to the activation of the effector caspase cascade (caspase-3, -6, and -7). The mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis pathway is regulated by Bcl-2 family proteins, including proapoptotic (Bid, Bax, Bak) and antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL).

Abnormalities in cell apoptosis can be a significant component of diseases such as cancer, autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, AIDS, ischemia, and neurode-generative diseases. These diseases may benefit from artificially inhibiting or activating apoptosis. A short list of potential methods of anti-apoptotic therapy includes stimulation of the IAP (inhibitors of apoptosis proteins) family of proteins, caspase inhibition, PARP (poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase) inhibition, stimulation of the PKB/Akt (protein kinase B) pathway, and inhibition of Bcl-2 proteins.

Ferroptosis and necroptosis are recently recognized forms of regulated cell death that differs considerably from apoptosis. Misregulated ferroptosis or necroptosis have also been implicated in multiple physiological and pathological processes, including cancer cell death, neurotoxicity, neurodegenerative diseases, etc.

References:
[1] Susan Elmore. Toxicol Pathol. 2007; 35(4): 495–516.
[2] Cao L, et al. J Cell Death. 2016 Dec 29;9:19-29.
[3] Dasgupta A, et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Jan; 18(1): 23.
[4] Xie Y, et al. Cell Death Differ. 2016 Mar;23(3):369-79.


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Silybin

Silybin is a flavonolignan isolated from milk thistle (Silybum marianum) seeds. Silybin induces apoptosis and exhibits hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer activity[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 802918-57-6
  • MF: C25H22O10
  • MW: 482.43600
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 152-153°C
  • Flash Point: N/A

CDK1/Cyc B-IN-1

CDK1/Cyc B-IN-1 (Compound 5) is a selective CDK1/Cyc B complex inhibitor with an IC50 of 97 nM. CDK1/Cyc B-IN-1 triggers apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest. CDK1/Cyc B-IN-1 shows broad-spectrum cytotoxic action against cancer cell lines[1].

  • CAS Number: 2459916-56-2
  • MF: C14H12ClN3O2S2
  • MW: 353.85
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Ammonium citrate tribasic

Citric acid triammonium (Triammonium citrate) is formed by Citric acid (HY-N1428) reacting with ammonia in a molar ratio of 1:3. Citric acid triammonium can be used as the carbon source to prepare carbon quantum dots (CDs). Citric acid triammonium with higher nitrogen components might promote the nitrogen-based functional groups in CDs, leading to a more efficient emission-color tunability[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 3458-72-8
  • MF: C6H17N3O7
  • MW: 243.215
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.22 g/mL at 20 °C
  • Boiling Point: 100 °C(lit.)
  • Melting Point: 185 °C (dec.)(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 155.2ºC

5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol

Carvacrol is a monoterpenoid phenol isolated from Lamiaceae family plants, with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. Carvacrol causes cell cycle arrest in G0/G1, downregulates Notch-1, and Jagged-1, and induces apoptosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 499-75-2
  • MF: C10H14O
  • MW: 150.218
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.0±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 237.2±9.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 3-4 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 106.7±0.0 °C

YH-306

YH-306 is a candidate drug in preventing growth and metastasis of colorectal cancer by modulating FAK signalling pathway.

  • CAS Number: 1373764-75-0
  • MF: C19H18N2O2
  • MW: 306.36
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Azilsartan-d4

Azilsartan-d4 is the deuterium labeled Azilsartan[1]. Azilsartan is an orally active, potent, selective and specific angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) antagonist. Azilsartan induces ROS formation and apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Azilsartan shows neuroprotective and anticancer activity. Azilsartan can be used for hypertension and stroke research[2][3][4][5][6].

  • CAS Number: 1794817-45-0
  • MF: C25H16D4N4O5
  • MW: 460.475
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

APG-115

APG-115 (AA-115) is an orally active MDM2 protein inhibitor binding to MDM2 protein with IC50 and Ki values of 3.8 nM and 1 nM, respectively[1]. APG-115 blocks the interaction of MDM2 and p53 and induces cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in a p53-dependent manner[2][3].

  • CAS Number: 1818393-16-6
  • MF: C34H38Cl2FN3O4
  • MW: 642.588
  • Catalog: MDM-2/p53
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 805.8±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 441.1±34.3 °C

PROTAC GPX4 degrader-1

PROTAC GPX4 degrader-1 (DC-2) is a PROTAC-based GPX4 degrader, with a DC50 of 0.03 μM in HT1080 cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 2916433-81-1
  • MF: C50H57ClN10O10
  • MW: 993.50
  • Catalog: Ferroptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Griffipavixanthone

Griffipavixanthone can be extracted from Garcinia schomburgkiana. Griffipavixanthone induces cell apoptosis through mitochondrial apoptotic pathway accompanying with ROS production. Griffipavixanthone is an anti-cancer agent. Griffipavixanthone is a weak sucrase inhibitor (IC50: 4.58 mM)[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 219649-95-3
  • MF: C36H28O12
  • MW: 652.60
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.6±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 862.8±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 277.7±27.8 °C

Apolizumab

Apolizumab (Hu1D10) is a humanized monoclonal anti-Human leukocyte antigen-DR beta-chain antibody. Apolizumab can mediate apoptosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells in vitro[1][2].

  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

VU0661013

VU661013 is a potent and selective MCL-1 inhibitor.

  • CAS Number: 2131184-57-9
  • MF: C39H39Cl2N5O4
  • MW: 712.66
  • Catalog: Bcl-2 Family
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Britannin

Britannin, isolated from Inula aucheriana, is a sesquiterpene lactone. Britannin induces apoptosis and autophagy by activating AMPK regulated by ROS in liver cancer cells. Britannin has anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 33627-28-0
  • MF: C19H26O7
  • MW: 366.40600
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.25±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 189-191 ºC
  • Flash Point: N/A

Imifoplatin

Imifoplatin is a platinum-based agent belonging to the phosphaplatin family. Imifoplatin exhibits antineoplastic activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 1339960-28-9
  • MF: C6H16N2O7P2Pt
  • MW: 485.23
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Antitumor agent-57

Antitumor agent-57 (Compound 3o) is an NQO1-directed antitumor agent. Antitumor agent-57 inhibits tumor cell growth, triggers ROS generation and induces cell apoptosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 2432823-48-6
  • MF: C20H15NO5
  • MW: 349.34
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

CNTO 148

Golimumab (CNTO-148) is a potent human IgG1 TNFα antagonist monoclonal antibody. Golimumab has anti-inflammation activitity and inhibits IL-6 and IL-1β production. Golimumab acts via targeting and neutralizing TNF to prevent inflammation and destruction of cartilage and bone. Golimumab has the anticancer activity and induces cell apoptosis. Golimumab can be used for rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease and cancer research[1][2][3].

  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

SMBA 1

A potent, and selective Bax agonist (Ki=43.3 nM) that induces conformational changes in Bax by blocking S184 phosphorylation; shows no affinity for other Bcl2 family members, including Bcl2, Bcl-XL, Mcl-1, Bcl-w, Bfl-1/A1, Bid or Bak; facilitates Bax insertion into mitochondrial membranes and forming Bax oligomers, leads to cytochrome c release and apoptosis in human lung cancer cells; potently suppresses lung tumour growth via apoptosis by selectively activating Bax in vivo without significant normal tissue toxicity.

  • CAS Number: 906440-37-7
  • MF: C20H13NO3
  • MW: 315.322
  • Catalog: Bcl-2 Family
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 502.0±38.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 205.3±15.2 °C

Anticancer agent 63

Anticancer agent 63 (compound 3h) shows active in reducing the viability of different cancer cell lines, including SW480, HeLa, A549 and MCF-7, with IC50 values at 24 h of 4.9, 11.5, 9.4, and 3.4 μM, respectively. Anticancer agent 63 induce apoptosis in MCF-7 cells via down-regulating the expression of Bcl-2 and up-regulating the expression of IL-2 and Caspase-3. Anticancer agent 63 also shows antioxidant activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 2529657-32-5
  • MF: C17H24F3NOSe
  • MW: 394.33
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Cyclo [Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Phe-Val]

Cyclo(Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Phe-Val) is an integrin αvβ3 inhibitor. Cyclo(Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Phe-Val) has antitumor activity. Cyclo(Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Phe-Val) can be used for the research of acute myeloid leukemia[1].

  • CAS Number: 137813-35-5
  • MF: C26H38N8O7
  • MW: 574.62900
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

(R)-Verapamil hydrochloride

(R)-Verapamil hydrochloride ((R)-(+)-Verapamil hydrochloride) is a P-Glycoprotein inhibitor. (R)-Verapamil hydrochloride blocks MRP1 mediated transport, resulting in chemosensitization of MRP1-overexpressing cells to anticancer drugs[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 38176-02-2
  • MF: C27H39ClN2O4
  • MW: 477.03600
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 129-131℃
  • Flash Point: N/A

Adenosine-3′-13C

Adenosine-3′-13C is the 13C labeled Adenosine. Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiolo

  • CAS Number: 714950-53-5
  • MF: C10H13N5O4
  • MW: 267.24132
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Tenovin-3

Tenovin-3 is able to increase p53 levels, determined in MCF-7 cells treated for 6 hr at 10 μM.Target: p53in vitro: Tenovins inhibit the activities of human SirT1 and SirT2, two members of the NAD+-dependent class III histone deacetylases that also belong to the sirtuin family.[1]

  • CAS Number: 1011301-27-1
  • MF: C18H21N3OS
  • MW: 327.444
  • Catalog: MDM-2/p53
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

DPP

DPP is a Platinum(IV) complex, bearing pterostilbene-derived axial ligand. DPP inhibit the JAK2-STAT3 pathway in breast cancer (BC) cells with antiproliferative activity, and activates caspase-3 and cleaved poly ADP-ribose polymerase to induces apoptosis. DPP promotes the maturation and antigen presentation of dendritic cells, and exhibits in vivo safety[1].

  • CAS Number: 2668267-47-6
  • MF: C36H40Cl2N2O10Pt
  • MW: 926.70
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Rosiglitazone-d3

Rosiglitazone-d3 (BRL 49653-d3) is the deuterium labeled Rosiglitazone. Rosiglitazone (BRL 49653) is a selective, orally active PPARγ agonist with EC50s of 30 nM, 100 nM and 60 nM for PPARγ1, PPARγ2, and PPARγ, respectively. Rosiglitazone binds to PPARγ with a Kd of approximately 40 nM. Rosiglitazone is also an activator of TRPC5 (EC50=~30 μM) and an inhibitor of TRPM3[1][2][3][4].

  • CAS Number: 1132641-22-5
  • MF: C18H16D3N3O3S
  • MW: 360.44500
  • Catalog: Ferroptosis
  • Density: 1.3±0.0 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 585.0±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 307.6±0.0 °C

Sodium tauroursodeoxycholate

Tauroursodeoxycholate Sodium is an ambiphilic bile acid that helps with liver and gallbladder issues.

  • CAS Number: 35807-85-3
  • MF: C26H44NNaO6S
  • MW: 521.685
  • Catalog: Caspase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Resveratrol

Resveratrol (SRT 501), a natural polyphenol that possesses anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and anti-cancer properties. It has a wide spectrum of targets including mTOR, JAK, β-amyloid.

  • CAS Number: 501-36-0
  • MF: C14H12O3
  • MW: 228.243
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 449.1±14.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 253-255°C
  • Flash Point: 222.3±14.7 °C

SCR130

SCR130 is a SCR7-based DNA nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) inhibitor. SCR130 inhibits the end-joining of DNA in a Ligase IV-dependent manner. SCR130 is specific to Ligase IV, and shows minimal or no effect on Ligase III and Ligase I mediated joining. SCR130 induces cell apoptosis and has anticancer activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 2377858-38-1
  • MF: C19H13Cl2N3O2S
  • MW: 418.30
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Sulanemadlin

Sulanemadlin (ALRN-6924) is a potent p53-based peptidomimetic macrocycles. Sulanemadlin is a inhibitor of the p53-MDM2, p53-MDMX, or both p53 and MDM2 and MDMX protein-protein interactions. Sulanemadlin can be used for cancers research[1].

  • CAS Number: 1451199-98-6
  • MF: C95H140N20O23
  • MW: 1930.25
  • Catalog: MDM-2/p53
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

HDAC-IN-39

HDAC-IN-39 (compound 16c) is a potent HDAC inhibitor, with IC50 values of 1.07 μM (HDAC1), 1.47 μM (HDAC2), and 2.27 μM (HDAC3), respectively. HDAC-IN-39 also significantly inhibits microtubule polymerization. HDAC-IN-39 induces cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. HDAC-IN-39 displays promising anticancer activity against resistant cancer cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 2414046-33-4
  • MF: C27H26N4O4S
  • MW: 502.58
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Z-DEVD-AFC

Z-DEVD-AFC is a cell-permeant substrate for caspase-3, which causes a shift in fluorescence uponcleavage of the AFC fluorophore. Z-DEVD-AFC can be used to detect caspase-3-like enzymes activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 1135416-11-3
  • MF: C36H38F3N5O14
  • MW: 821.707
  • Catalog: Caspase
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 1160.9±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 655.9±34.3 °C

TI17

TI17 is an inhibitor of the thyroid hormone receptor-interacting protein Trip13 and has anticancer activity. TI17 effectively inhibits multiple myeloma (MM) cell proliferation and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Trip13 is an AAA-ATPase that mediates double-strand break (DSB) repair; TI17 inhibits Trip13 function and increases DNA damage[1].

  • CAS Number: 1005178-02-8
  • MF: C23H22N2O3
  • MW: 374.43
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A