D-Erythrose 4-phosphate sodium is a phosphate sodium of the simple sugar Erythrose. Erythritol is actually converted into D-Erythrose 4-phosphate that involves three isomerases[1].
Glaucocalyxin D is a ent-kauranoid-type diterpenoid that can be isolated from Rabdosia japonica. Glaucocalyxin D shows cytotoxicity against various human tumor cell lines. Glaucocalyxin D can be used for cancer research[1].
ADRA1D receptor agonist 1 (compound (R)-9S) is a potent, selective and orally active α1D adrenoceptor antagonist, with a Ki of 1.6 nM[1].
Lariciresinol is a compound isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana[1].
Ac4GalNAz is an alkyl chain-based PROTAC linker that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs[1].
Dodecane-1,12-diol-d24 is the deuterium labeled Dodecane-1,12-diol[1].
Eucomol has potent cytotoxicity against KKU-M156 and HepG2 cells with the IC50 values of 7.12 and 25.76? μg/mL, respectively. Eucomol can be isolated from an ethanolic extract of D. cochinchinensis[1].
6,7-Dihydroxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrochromone is a natural chromone derivative found in withered wood of Aquilaria sinensis[1].
ZINC13466751 is a potent inhibitor of HIF-1α/von Hippel-Lindau interaction with an IC50 of 2.0 µM[1].
(R)-2-Amino-3-(2-fluorophenyl)propanoic acid is a phenylalanine derivative[1].
GNE 5729 is a brain permeable positive allosteric modulator of NMDAR, with an EC50 of 37 nM for GluN2A, 4.7 and 9.5 μM for GluN2C and GluN2D, respectively.
hCAIX-IN-8 (compound 7i) is a potent and selective hCAIX inhibitor with IC50s of 1.99, 0.024, 1.10 µM for CAII, CAIX, CAVA respectively. hCAIX-IN-8 shows anti-proliferation activity with low toxicity. hCAIX-IN-8 decreases the epithelial to mesenchymal transitions and induces apoptosis. hCAIX-IN-8 inhibits cell migration and colonization potential[1].
KB02-COOH is a fragment of synthesis of ubiquitin E3 ligase ligand KB02. KB02 can be used in the synthesis of PROTAC, such as KB02-JQ1 (HY-129917) and KB02-SLF (HY-129610)[1].
Sertaconazole nitrate is a topical broad-spectrum antifungal that is developed to provide an additional agent for the treatment of superficial cutaneous and mucosal infections.Target: AntifungalSertaconazole nitrate reduces the release of cytokines from activated lymphocytes and mitigated inflammation in animal models of irritant contact dermatitis and neurogenic inflammation in a dose-dependent fashion. Sertaconazole nitrate is found to inhibit the proliferation of stimulated human lymphocytes with IC50 of 4 μg/mL [1]. Sertaconazole nitrate inhibits ergosterol synthesis by blockade of the P450-dependent enzyme pathway that catalyzes the methylation of lanosterol to ergosterol, thus inhibits fungal cell growth. Sertaconazole nitrate binds directly to nonsterol lipids in the membrane, which interferes with the regulation of the permeability of fungal cell membranes, thus induces fungal cell death [2].The mean ear weight of Tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA)-challenged murine treated with sertaconazole nitrate (1%) is 7.23 mg compared with 14.7 mg for controls, indicating a statistically significant reduction in irritant dermatitis. Sertaconazole nitrate 1% elicits a significant reduction in Resiniferatoxin-induced ear edema when compared with controls in CD-1 mice. Topical treatment with sertaconazole nitrate 1% significantly inhibits contact hypersensitivity and decreases the content of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-2, and IFNγ in oxazolone exposed murine skin [1]. Clinical trials with sertaconazole nitrate cream 2% show efficacy in the treatment of superficial cutaneous fungal infections [2]. Sertaconazole reduces inflammation via inducing PGE2 production and the COX-2 inhibitor blocks sertaconazole from exerting its anti-inflammatory effects in a mouse model of TPA-induced ear edema [3].
BM635 is a MmpL3 inhibitor with outstanding anti-mycobacterial activity. BM635 has an MIC50 of 0.12 μM against M. tuberculosis H37Rv.
Alrestatin is an inhibitor of aldose reductase, an enzyme involved in the pathogenesis of complications of diabetes mellitus, including diabetic neuropathy.
Mytoxin B is an ADC cytotoxin. Mytoxin B is a satratoxin-type trichothecene macrolide and is similar to the effect of LY294002 (HY-10108). Mytoxin B induces cell apoptosis via PI3K/Akt pathway[1].
NecroX-7 is a potent free radical scavenger and a HMGB1 (high-mobility group box 1) inhibitor. NecroX-7 can be used as an antidote to acetaminophen toxicity. NecroX-7 exerts a protective effect by preventing the release of HMGB1 in ischemia/reperfusion injury. NecroX-7 inhibits the HMGB1-induced release of TNF and IL-6, as well as the expression of TLR-4 and receptor for advanced glycation end products. NecroX-7 can be used graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) research[1].
A1AR antagonist 4 (compound 22) is a potent and selective A1AR (A1 adenosine receptor) antagonist, with a pIC50 of 5.51 and a pKi of 6.29[1].
Guanine is one of the fundamental components of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). Guanine is a purine derivative, consisting of a fused pyrimidine-imidazole ring system with conjugated double bonds.
Bacopaside II, an extract from the medicinal herb Bacopa monnieri, blocks the Aquaporin-1 (AQP1) water channel and impairs migration of cells that express AQP1. Bacopaside II induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis[1][2].
SPDB linker is a glutathione cleavable linker used for the antibody-drug conjugate (ADC)[1].
Triclabendazole(CGA89317) is a benzimidazole, it binds to tubulin impairing intracellular transport mechanisms and interferes with protein synthesis.Target: Microtubule/TubulinTriclabendazole treatment produces percentage decreases of the fluke egg output by 15.3%, 4.3% and 36.6%, respectively, in sheep, dairy cows and heifers, these results indicate the presence of TCBZ-resistant Fasciola hepatica in sheep and cattle on this farm [1]. Triclabendazole sulphoxide (50 mg/mL) results in extensive damage to the tegument of triclabendazole-susceptible F. hepatica, whereas triclabendazole-resistant flukes shows only localized and relatively minor disruption of the tegument covering the spines [2].Triclabendazole is metabolized into a number of compounds, depending on the route of administration, plasma levels peak at 18-24 hours (Triclabendazole sulphoxide) and 36-48 hours (Triclabendazole sulphone), neither Triclabendazole nor any toher metabolites can be detected in plasma. Triclabendazole sulphoxide blocks the transport of secretory bodies from the cell body to the tegumental surface, the block occurs at the site of their formation by the Golgi complex in the cell body, in their movement through the cytoplasmic connections to the syncytium, and in their movement from the base to the apex of the syncytium. Triclabendazole binds to the colchicine binding site on the β-tubulin molecule and this has been used at the basis for evaluating the relative acitvity of Triclabendazole [3].
Muramyl dipeptide (MDP) is a synthetic immunoreactive peptide, consisting of N-acetyl muramic acid attached to a short amino acid chain of L-Ala-D-isoGln. Muramyl dipeptide is an inducer of bone formation through induction of Runx2. Muramyl dipeptide directly enhances osteoblast differentiation by up-regulating Runx2 gene expression through MAPK pathways. Muramyl dipeptide indirectly attenuates osteoclast differentiation through a decreased RANKL/OPG ratio[1].
Paracetamol-cysteine is a Paracetamol-cysteine Paracetamol protein adduct (PPA) and is formed when paracetamol is oxidized to the reactive metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI)[1].
Lupeol acetate, a derivative of Lupeol, suppresses the progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by inhibiting the activation of macrophages and osteoclastogenesis through downregulations of TNF-α, IL-1β, MCP-1, COX-2, VEGF and granzyme B[1].
Glycyrrhizin-6′,6′′-dimethylester (compound 23) is a licorice saponin isolated from licorice root. Glycyrrhizin-6′,6′′-dimethylester can participate as an aglycone in the generation of methyl glucuronate, producing similar threshold sweetness, licorice, and bitterness[1].
TTNPB is a highly potent RAR agonist. Competitive binding assays using human RARs yield IC50s of α=5.1 nM, β= 4.5 nM, and γ=9.3 nM, respectively.
Rebaudioside C(Dulcoside B) is used as natural sweeteners to diabetics and others on carbohydrate-controlled diets.
Transketolase-IN-4 is a potent transketolase inhibitor (IC50=3.9 μM). Transketolase-IN-4 inhibits tumor cell proliferation of SW620, LS174T, and MIA PaCa-2. Transketolase-IN-4 is a possible Mycobacterium tuberculosis DXS inhibitor, with an IC50 value of 114.1 μM[1][2].