Dibenzyl disulfide is an endogenous metabolite.
BODIPY FL prazosin is a fluorescent α1-adrenergic antagonist with Ki values of 14.5, 43.3 nM for α1a-AR and α1b-AR, respectively. BODIPY FL prazosin also is a fluorescent ligand with the excitation and emission wavelengths are 485 and 535 nm, respectively. BODIPY FL prazosin can be used for study the differences in the subcellular localization of α1-adrenoceptor subtypes[1][2][3].
Omeprazole sodium (H 16868 sodium), a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), is available for treatment of acid-related gastrointestinal disorders. Omeprazole sodium shows competitive inhibition of CYP2C19 activity with a Ki of 2 to 6 μM[1]. Omeprazole sodium also inhibits growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria[2]. Omeprazole is a potent brain penetrant neutral sphingomyelinase (N-SMase) inhibitor (exosome inhibitor)[3].
1-Phenylpropane-1,2-dione, isolated from young Ephedra sinica Stapf (Ephedraceae), is biosynthetic precursors of the ephedrine alkaloids[1][2].
ELOVL6-IN-1 is a potent, orally active and selective ELOVL6 inhibitor. ELOVL6-IN-1 dose-dependently inhibits mouse ELOVL6 activities, with an IC50 value of 0.350 μM. ELOVL6-IN-1 inhibits ELOVL6 in a noncompetitive manner for malonyl-CoA (Ki=994 nM) and palmitoyl-CoA[1].
Allylthiourea is a metabolic inhibitor that selective inhibits ammonia oxidation.Target: OthersAllylthiourea selectively inhibits ammonia oxidation at concentrations 8-80 μM. Allylthiourea (1 μM)inhibits ammonia oxidation by 80%. Complete inhibition is observed at an Allylthiourea concentration of 86 μM [1]. The inhibition of Allylthiourea on ammonia oxidation probably acts through chelating the copper of the ammonia monooxygenase active site. Allylthiourea is able to produce soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO) in the presence of copper. Addition of 25 μM Allylthiourea decreases intracellular copper by 48% in Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b, allowing sMMO production at Cu/biomass ratios normally not permitting sMMO synthesis, which achieves a plateau of 320 μmol naphthol formed per gram dry biomass per hour [2].
LXR-623 is a brain-penetrant partial LXRα and full LXRβ agonist, with IC50s of 24 nM and 179 nM, respectively.
Thiamine disulfide, a vitamin B1 derivative, is an oxidized dimer of Thiamine. Thiamine disulfide is a potent HIV-1 inhibitor. Thiamine disulfide significantly depresses HIV-1 transactivator (Tat) activity[1][2].
4-IPP (4-Iodo-6-phenylpyrimidine) is a specific suicide substrate and irreversible inhibitor of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)[1].
SGC-SMARCA-BRDVIII is a potent and selective inhibitor of SMARCA2/4 and PB1(5), with Kds of 35 nM, 36 nM, and 13 nM, respectively. SGC-SMARCA-BRDVIII also inhibits PB1(2) and PB1(3), with Kds of 3.7 and 2.0 μM, respectively. SGC-SMARCA-BRDVIII can block adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 murine fibroblasts[1][2].
Fudosteine is a novel mucoactive agent and a MUC5AC mucin hypersecretion inhibitor.Target: OthersFudosteine is a cysteine derivative that is used as an expectorant in chronic bronchial inflammatory disorders. The administration of fudosteine during the challenge with ovalbumin prevented the development of airway hyperresponsiveness and accumulation of lymphocytes in the airways. Eotaxin, IL-4, and TGF-β levels and the relative intensity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9) in BAL fluid were reduced by the fudosteine treatment; however, the number of eosinophils in BAL fluid and serum IgE levels did not change. The expression of TGF-β, the development of goblet cell hyperplasia, subepithelial collagenization, and basement membrane thickening were also reduced by the fudosteine treatment [1]. Fudosteine inhibits MUC5AC mucin hypersecretion by reducing MUC5AC gene expression and the effects of fudosteine are associated with the inhibition of extracellular signal-related kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in vivo and extracellular signal-related kinase in vitro [2].
Rhoifolin is a flavone glycoside isolated from Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck leaves. Rhoifolin is beneficial for diabetic complications through enhanced adiponectin secretion, tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor-β and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT 4) translocation[1]. Rhoifolin ameliorates titanium particle-stimulated osteolysis and attenuates osteoclastogenesis via RANKL-induced NF-κB and MAPK pathways[2].
Ivosidenib (AG-120) is a mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) inhibitor with an IC50 of 12 nM for mouse IDH1R132H.
NAPQI is the toxic metabolite of Paracetamol. NAPQI is also an inhibitor of enzymes in the vitamin K cycle. NAPQI is rapidly detoxified by glutathione (GSH), but in situations of GSH deficiency, excess NAPQI reacts with cysteine residues in proteins, causing cell death and toxicity in the liver[1][2].
Oxindole (Indolin-2-one) is an aromatic heterocyclic building block. 2-indolinone derivatives have become lead compounds in the research of kinase inhibitors.
Chlorazanil is a triazine derivative and also a new nonmercurial diuretic agent.
Apigenin 4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside is a flavonoid that can be found in caledonian guioa villosa[1].
KHK-IN-2 is a potent and selective ketohexokinase (KHK) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.45 μM.
Alogliptin 13CD3 (SYR-322 13CD3) is the deuterium labeled Alogliptin. Alogliptin is a potent and selective inhibitor of DPP-4.
YM348 is a potent and orally active 5-HT2C receptor agonist, which shows a high affinity for cloned human 5-HT2C receptor (Ki: 0.89 nM).
L-Leucine-1-13C,15N is the 13C- and 15N-labeled L-Leucine. L-Leucine is an essential branched-chain amino acid (BCAA), which activates the mTOR signaling pathway[1].
Dentonin (AC-100) is a synthetic fragment derived from MEPE. Dentonin enhances osteogenesis by promoting osteoprogenitor adhesion and facilitates immature adherent cells survival. Dentonin has no significant effect to mature osteoblasts. Dentonin can be used for the research of phosphate homeostasis and bone metabolism[1].
Tricaprin (Glyceryl tridecanoate) is an orally available precursor of decanoic acid (DA) and can be hydrolyzed to DA. Tricaprin (Glyceryl tridecanoate) is a major component of medium chain triglyceride (MCT) with antiandrogen and antihyperglycemic properties[1].Tricaprin (Glyceryl tridecanoate) has a safe use in in foods, drugs, cosmetics as an additive[2].
Sodium 2-hydroxybutanoate-d3 is the deuterium labeled Sodium 2-hydroxybutanoate[1]. Sodium 2-hydroxybutanoate is an endogenous metabolite.
PF-915275 is a potent and selective inhibitor of human 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11βHSD1) (Ki ＜ 1 nM) with good preclinical pharmacokinetic properties.IC50 value: ＜ 1 nM (Ki)[2]Target: 11βHSD1in vitro: PF-915275 maintains potency in our cellular assay against human 11βHSD1 (HEK293, EC50 = 5 nM) and is selective against human 11βHSD2 (HEK293, 1.5% inhibition 10 μM). PF-915275 displays only weak affinity for the rodent choline transporter (Ki = 9.6 μM) and the hamster melatonin MT3 receptor (Ki = 9.6 μM) in the Cerep Bioprint screening panel. PF-915275 has good in vitro pharmacokinetic properties. In particular, PF-915275 is categorized as a low clearance compound (liver microsome assays) with high permeability (Caco2 assay). [2]in vivo: As a prelude to in vivo studies with PF-915275, the rat pharmacokinetic properties of this compound were determined. PF-915275 has an excellent pharmacokinetic profile characterized by low clearance, long half-life and good oral bioavailability. [2]
SSAO inhibitor-3 (Compound 2) is a semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) inhibitor with IC50s of <10 nM, and 0.1-10 μM for human SSAO and AOC1, respectively. SSAO inhibitor-3 can be used for the research of atherosclerosis, diabetes and its complications, obesity, stroke, chronic kidney disease, retinopathy, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), autoimmune diseases, multiple sclerosis, etc[1].
Beauverolide Ka, a cyclotetradepsipeptide, is a metabolite of Beauveria bassiana fungus. Beauverolide Ka stimulates glucose uptake in cultured rat L6 myoblasts at 50 μM. Beauverolide Ka exhibits protecting effects on HEI-OC1 cells at 10 μM and shows dose-dependent activity in both L6 myoblasts and myotubes[1][2].
Hymeglusin, as a fungal β-lactone antibiotic, is a HMG-CoA synthase inhibitor (IC50 = 0.12 μM). Hymeglusin covalently modifies the active Cys129 residue of the enzyme[2][3].
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) (1-39), rat is a potent melanocortin 2 (MC2) receptor agonist.
Trichlormethiazide is a thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of hydrochlorothiazide.Target: OthersTrichlormethiazide is a diuretic with properties similar to those of hydrochlorothiazide. It is usually administered for the treatment of oedema (including that which is associated with heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis and corticosteroid therapy) and hypertension. In veterinary medicine, trichlormethiazide can be combined with dexamethasone to be used on horses with mild swelling of distal limbs and general bruising. Trichlormethiazide appears to block the active reabsorption of chloride and possibly sodium in the ascending loop of Henle. This results in excretion of sodium, chloride and water, and thus acts as a diuretic [1-3].