21-Hydroxypregnenolone is an essential intermediate in corticosterone synthesis.
α-CGRP, rat, a neuropeptide (calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)), is a potent vasodilator, with the potential in cardiovascular, pro-inflammatory and metabolic studies[1].
6-Hydroxykaempferol 3,6-diglucoside possesses antiplatelet aggregatory effect[1].
Oxaloacetic acid-13C4 is the 13C-labeled Oxaloacetic acid. Oxaloacetic acid (2-Oxosuccinic acid) is a metabolic intermediate involved in several ways, such as citric acid cycle, gluconeogenesis, the urea cycle, the glyoxylate cycle, amino acid synthesis, and fatty acid synthesis[1][2][3].
Coenzyme F420-1 (Factor F420-1), a deazaflavin derivative, acts as an important hydride acceptor/donor in the central methanogenic pathway[1].
(-)-Gallocatechin, an epimer of (-)-Epigallocatechin (EGC), is contained in various tea products. (-)-Gallocatechin has antioxidant activities[1][2][3].
Lithocholic acid-d5 is deuterium labeled Lithocholic acid.
Desmosterol is a molecule similar to cholesterol. Desmosterol is the immediate precursor of cholesterol in the Bloch pathway of cholesterol biosynthesis. Desmosterol, as an endogenous metabolite, used to study cholesterol metabolism[1].
Sulfobromophthalein (Bromosulfophthalein) disodium salt is an organic anion dye used in the study of a variety of membrane carriers expressed in animal tissues and involved in transport of drugs and metabolites[1].
Citric acid monohydrate is a natural preservative and food tartness enhancer. Citric acid monohydrate induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and S phase. Citric acid monohydrate cause oxidative damage of the liver by means of the decrease of antioxidative enzyme activities. Citric acid monohydrate causes renal toxicity in mice[1][2][3].
LY2452473 is an orally bioavailable, selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM).
Cytisine is an alkaloid that occurs naturally in several plant genera, such as Laburnum and Cytisus. Cytisine is a partial agonist of α4β2 nAChRs[1], and partial to full agonist at β4 containing receptors and α7 receptors[2]. has been used medically to help with smoking cessation[3].
Diphenyl Phosphate-d10 (DPhP-d10) is the deuterium labled Diphenyl Phosphate (HY-W008151). Diphenyl Phosphate inhibits growth and energy metabolism of zebrafish in a sex-specific manner.
β-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH), human is a melanocortin (MC) receptor agonist.
Pi-Methylimidazoleacetic acid is a potential neurotoxin.
Keap1–Nrf2 IN-1 (compound35) is a Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Keap1-Nrf2) protein-protein interaction inhibitor, and with an IC50 of 43 nM for Keap1 protein. Keap1–Nrf2 IN-1 (compound35) activates Nrf2-regulated cytoprotective response and antagonizes acetaminophen-induced liver injury both in cellular and in vivo models[1].
2-Methylvaleric acid (2-Methylpentanoic acid) is a short-chain fatty acid isolated from Campomanesia adamantium and dairy products. 2-Methylvaleric acid is also found in animal feces. 2-Methylvaleric acid is a flavor compound used for food-flavor ingredient, fragrances[1][2][3].
Euphorbiasteroid is a tricyclic diperpene of Euphorbia lathyris L., inhibits tyrosinase, and increases the phosphorylation of AMPK, with anti-cancer, anti-virus, anti-obesity and multidrug resistance-modulating effect[1].
Isovanillin is an aldehyde oxidase inhibitor[1]. Antispasmodic activities[2]. Antidiarrheal activities[3].
CP-775146 is a selective PPARα agonist that binds strongly to the PPARα ligand. CP-775146 efficiently alleviates obesity-induced liver damage, prevents lipid accumulation by activating the liver fatty acid β-oxidation pathway[1].
Ganoderenic acid A is a lanostane-type triterpene isolated from Ganoderma lucidum. Ganoderenic acid A is a potent inhibitor of β-glucuronidase. Ganoderenic acid A has a potent hepatoprotective effect against CCl4-induced liver injury[1].
Ezetimibe phenoxy glucuronide-D4 (Ezetimibe glucuronide-D4) is the deuterium labeled Ezetimibe phenoxy glucuronide. Ezetimibe phenoxy glucuronide is the active metabolite of Ezetimibe. Antihyperlipoproteinemic activity[1]. Ezetimibe is a potent cholesterol absorption inhibitor[2].
LYPLAL1-IN-1 (Compound 11) is an selective covalent small-molecule inhibitors of Lysophospholipase-like 1 (LYPLAL1) with an IC50 of 0.006 μM. LYPLAL1-IN-1 increases glucose production[1].
L-Histidine-13C6,d5,15N3 (H-His-OH-13C6,d5,15N3) hydrochloride hydrate is the deuterium, 13C-, and 15-labeled L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate. L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate (H-His-OH.HCl.H2O) is an endogenous metabolite.
Cionin is a disulfotyrosyl hybrid of cholecystokinin and gastrin[1].
1-(4-Hydroxybenzoyl)glucose, a natural product found in Moricandia arvensis, Rhodiola chrysanthemifolia, acts as a bifunctional acyl and glucosyl donor[1].
GOAT-IN-1 is an inhibitor of ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT), which could be useful for the prophylaxis or treatment of obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, metabolic, non-alcoholic fatty liver, steatohepatitis, sarcopenia, appetite control, alcohol/narcotic dependence, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, cerebrovascular dementia, cerebral apoplexy, cerebral infarction, cardic disease, some kind of tumors.
HSL-IN-1 (compound 24b) is a potent and orally active hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) inhibitor (IC50=2 nM) with a significantly reduced reactive metabolite liability[1].
Kushenol L is one of the main components of EtOA cextracts from Kushen, a traditional medicinal herb derived from the dried roots of Sophora flavescens Ait. Kushenol L is a flavonoid and plays an important role in anti-diabeticeffects[1].