Thiamine nitrate is an essential vitamin which can enhance normal neuronal actives.
GPBAR-A is a specific agonist of the bile acid receptor GPBAR1. GPBAR-A can be used for the research of diabetes mellitus[1].
Human PTH-(1-31) amide is a PTH analog. Human PTH-(1-31) amide stimulate phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis and stimulates adenylyl cyclase release[1].
Mildronate (Meldonium) functions as a cardioprotective drug by cpmpetetively inhibiting BBOX1 and OCTN2. Mildronate (Meldonium) exhibits IC50 values of 34-62 μM for human recombinant BBOX and an EC50 of 21 μM for human OCTN2. Mildronate (Meldonium) treatment-induced redirection of long-chain FA metabolism from mitochondria to peroxisomes[1].
DDR2-IN-1 is potent DDR2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 26 nM. DDR2-IN-1, compound 129, can be used for osteoarthritis research[1].
4-Hydroxytolbutamide (Hydroxytolbutamide) is a metabolite of Tolbutamide. 4-Hydroxytolbutamide is metabolized by CYP2C8 and CYP2C9. Tolbutamide is a first generation potassium channel blocker and a sulfonylurea oral antidiabetic[1][2].
Isovaleric acid-d7 is the deuterium labeled Isovaleric acid[1]. Isovaleric acid is a natural fatty acid and known to effect on neonatal death and possible Jamaican vomiting sickness in human[2].
IGF-I (30-41) is amino acids 30 to 41 fragment of Insulin-like Growth Factor I (IGF-I). IGF-I is partly responsible for systemic GH activities although it possesses a wide number of own properties (anabolic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective actions)[1].
(R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid-13C (sodium) is the 13C labeled (R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid sodium[1]. (R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid sodium ((R)-3-Hydroxybutyric acid) is a metabolite converted from acetoacetic acid catalyzed by 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase. (R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid sodium can function as a nutrition source, and as a precursor for vitamins, antibiotics and pheromones[2][3].
A novel potent, orally active HIF prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitor with IC50 of 0.22 uM for PHD2; increases EPO release from Hep3B cells with EC50 of 5.7 uM, increases hemoglobin levels in rats. Anemia Phase 2 Clinical
Campestanol is a phytosterol that can be found in plant food. Campestanol lowers serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein. Campestanol can be used for the research of metabolic disorders[1].
KRN5 is a Nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5) suppressor, with an IC50 of 750 nM.
GRK5-IN-2 (compound 707), a pyridine-based bicyclic compound, is a potent G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 (GRK5) inhibitor. GRK5-IN-2 regulates the expression and/or release of insulin and is useful for the metabolic disease research[1].
Myricetin 3-O-galactoside, isolated from the leaves of Myrtus communis, inhibits xanthine oxidase (XO) activity, lipid peroxidation and scavenges the free radical. Myricetin 3-O-galactoside inhibits lipid peroxidation with an IC50 of 160 μg/mL. Antioxidant activity[1].
D-Thyroxine (D-T4) is a thyroid hormone that can inhibit TSH secretion. D-Thyroxine can be used for the research of hypercholesterolemia[1][2].
Tiopronin is a prescription thiol drug used to control the rate of cystine precipitation and excretion in the disease cystinuria.Target: OthersTiopronin is used primarily for cystinuria and is well known in the cystinuric community. Depending on the severity of a person's cystinuria, tiopronin may be taken for life, possibly starting in early childhood. It may also be used for Wilson's disease (an overload of copper in the body), and certain types of rare arthritis, though tiopronin is not an anti-inflammatory. Tiopronin is also sometimes used as a stabilizing agent for metal nanoparticles. The thiol group binds to the nanoparticles, preventing coagulation [1, 2].
OHM 11638 (Atilmotin), an analogue of the (1-14) fragment of porcine motilin, is a motilin receptor agonist with a pKd of 8.94 for the motilin receptor. OHM 11638 affects esophageal, lower esophageal sphincter (LES), and gastric motility. OHM 11638 increases LES and gastric pressures, OHM 11638 can be used as prokinetic agents[1][2].
DL-Homocystine is the double-bonded form of homocysteine and homocysteine is recognized as an important substance in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
Ipriflavone is a synthetic isoflavone derivative used to suppress bone resorption.
2-Oxopropanoate-13C5 (sodium) is the 13C labeled Sodium 2-oxopropanoate[1]. Sodium 2-oxopropanoate (Sodium pyruvate), a three-carbon metabolite of Glucose, is a compound produced in the glycolytic pathway. Sodium 2-oxopropanoate is a free radical scavenger that can scavenge ROS[2][3].
SRT 1720 Hydrochloride is a selective activator of SIRT1 with an EC1.5 of 0.16 μM, and shows less potent activities on SIRT2 and SIRT3 with EC1.5s of 37 μM and 300 μM, respectively.
Cinitapride is an orally active 5-HT4 agonist and D2 antagonist. Cinitapride shows gastroprotective properties on mucosal injury. Cinitapride can be used in functional dyspepsia (FD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) research[1][2][3].
Novokinin TFA is a peptide agonist of the angiotensin AT2 receptor[1].
Nebicapone (BIA 3-202), a reversible catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor, is mainly metabolized by glucuronidation. Nebicapone is mainly peripherally acting inhibitor that decreases the biotransformation of L-DOPA to 3-O-methyl-DOPA by inhibition of COMT, and it is potential for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.[1].
Implitapide Racemate is the racemate of Implitapide. Implitapide is a microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) inhibitor.
PPARγ/δ modulator 1 (compound 3e) is a potent PPAR modulator. PPARγ/δ modulator 1 is a PPARδ antagonist and a PPARγ partial agonist , with Ki values of 14.4 nM and 5.31 μM, respectively. PPARγ/δ modulator 1 has the EC50 of 7.3 and 12.6 μM for PPARδ corepression and adiponectin production, respectively[1].
Furosine dihydrochloride, an amino acid derivative, is an important chemical marker of early-stage Maillard reactions. Furosine dihydrochloride is closely related to a variety of diseases such as diabetes[1][2].
Acetylvaline is an endogenous metabolite.
Liraglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist used clinically to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Bumetanide sodium, a highly potent loop diuretic, is a Na+-K+-Cl+ cotransporter (NKCC) blocker. Bumetanide sodium is a selective NKCC1 inhibitor, and also inhibits NKCC2, with IC50s of 0.68 and 4.0 μM for hNKCC1A and hNKCC2A, respectively[1][2].