Articaine (Hoe-045 free base) is an amide anaesthetic containing an ester group, reversibly binding to the α-subunit of the voltage-gated sodium channels within the inner cavity of the nerve, can provide effective pain relief. Articaine ameliorates LPS-induced acute kidney injury via inhibition of NF-ĸB activation and the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway[1][2][3].
Ibuprofen ((±)-Ibuprofen) sodium is an orally active, selective COX-1 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 13 μM. Ibuprofen sodium inhibits cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and induces cell apoptosis. Ibuprofen sodium is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent and a nitric oxide (NO) donor. Ibuprofen sodium can be used in the research of pain, swelling, inflammation, infection, immunology, cancers[1][2][5][8].
Phospholipase D (PLD) is an enzyme of the phospholipase superfamily, which widely exists in bacteria, yeast, plants, animals and viruses, and is often used in biochemical research. Phospholipase D can catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds in glycerophospholipids to produce phosphatidic acid and soluble choline. Phospholipase D is involved in a variety of disease-related processes, including diabetes, atherogenesis, obesity, tumorigenesis, immune response, and neuroendocrine function[1].
NIBR-0213 is a potent and selective S1P1 antagonist with efficacy in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. NIBR-0213 displays potent and comparable potency on human and rat S1P1 (IC50 of 2.0 nM and 2.3 nM, respectively) in GTPγ35S assays[1].
10-Hydroxydecanoic acid (NSC 15139) is a saturated fatty acid of 10-hydroxy-trans-2-decenoic acid from royal jelly, with anti-inflammatory activity[1].
6-Hydroxyflavone is a naturally occurring flavone, with anti-inflammatory activity. 6-Hydroxyflavone exhibits inhibitory effect towards bovine hemoglobin (BHb) glycation. 6-Hydroxyflavone can activate AKT, ERK 1/2, and JNK signaling pathways to effectively promote osteoblastic differentiation. 6-Hydroxyflavone inhibits the LPS-induced NO production[1] [2].
Grape seed extract is a natural product with various health benefits, including anti-inflammatory effect. Grape seed extract shows inhibitory activity on the fat-metabolizing enzymes pancreatic lipase and lipoprotein lipase[1][2].
Dichlorisone acetate is a synthetic glucocorticoid corticosteroid used as an anti-inflammatory agent.
hDDAH-1-IN-1 (compound 8a) is a potent and selective non-amino acid catalytic site inhibitor of human dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 (hDDAH-1), with a Ki of 18 µM[1].
N-Methylcytisine (Caulophylline), a tricyclic quinolizidine alkaloid, exerts hypoglycaemic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. N-methylcytisine is a selective ligand of nicotinic receptors of acetylcholine in the central nervous system and has a high affinity (Kd = 50 nM) to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) from squid optical ganglia[1][2].
CKS-17 is a synthetic retroviral envelope peptide. CKS-17 has the highly conserved amino acid sequences occurring within the transmembrane envelope protein of many animal and human retroviruses. CKS-17 acts as an immunomodulatory epitope and exhibits suppressive properties for numerous immune functions[1][2][3].
Complanatoside B is a P. chinense Fisch flavonoid with potential anti-inflammatory effects[1].
Demethyleneberberine is a natural mitochondria-targeted antioxidant. Demethyleneberberine alleviates mice colitis and inhibits the inflammatory responses by inhibiting NF-κB pathway and regulating the balance of Th cells. Demethyleneberberine could serve as a AMPK activator for treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)[1][2][3].
BT-11 is an orally available LANCL2 binding compound for treating inflammatory bowel disease.
Cyclosporin U (SMP0V32C6L) is an cytostatic agent that plays an important role in preventing rejection of transplanted organs[1].
Ro 12-7310 is a synthetic retinoid, and can inhibit arachidonic acid release[1].
Grossamide is a natural product that can be isolated from fructus cannabis, the dried fruit of Cannabis sativa L.. Grossamide has anti-neuroinflammatory effects[1].
Monotropein is an iridoid glycoside isolated Morinda officinalis. Monotropein inhibits the expression of inflammatory mediators in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model[1].
JAK-IN-14 is a potent and selective JAK1 inhibitor, with an IC50 of <5 μM. JAK-IN-14 is >8-fold more selective for JAK1 than JAK2 and JAK3 (Patent WO2016119700A1, compound 16)[1].
FPL 62064 is a potent 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and COX dual inhibitor, with IC50 values of 3.5 μM and 3.1 μM for RBL-1 cytosolic 5-lipoxygenase and prostaglandin synthetase (cyclooxygenase), respectively. FPL 62064 has potent anti-inflammatory activity[1][2].
DL-Methionine is an essential amino acid containing sulfur with oxidative stress defense effects. DL-Methionine can be used for animal natural feed. DL-Methionine also kills H. rostochiensis on potato plants[1][2][3].
Tapderimotide (hTERT (691–705)) is an immunological agent for active immunization[1][2].
Xanthine is a purine base found in most human body tissues and fluids and in other organisms.
Ceftobiprole medocaril (BAL5788) sodium is the parenteral prodrug of Ceftobiprole (HY-112579). Ceftobiprole is a parenteral pyrrolidinone cephalosporin. Ceftobiprole is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin with high levels of in vitro activity against methicillin- (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant staphylococci (VRSA) and penicillin-resistant streptococci. Ceftobiprole also inhibits gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens[1][2].
STAT6-IN-3 (Compound 18a) is a STAT6 inhibitor (IC50= 44 nM). STAT6-IN-3 targets the Src Homology 2 (SH2) domain of STAT6. STAT6-IN-3 can be used for research of inflammation such as asthma[1].
A-69412 is a reversible, specific inhibitor of the hydrophilic 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO).
Ternatumoside II is a flavonoid glycoside that can be isolated from R. crenulata. Ternatumoside II can stimulate IFN-γ expression. Ternatumoside II has radical-scavenging activities (IC50s: 260.5 μM and 320.2 μM for DPPH and ABTS)[1].
Bisindolylmaleimide XI hydrochloride (Ro 32-0432) is a potent, selective and orally active PKC inhibitor with IC50s of 9 nM, 28 nM, 31 nM, 37 nM, and 108 nM for PKCα, PKCβI, PKCβII, PKCγ, and PKCε, respectively[1][2].
Timolumab (BTT1023 ), a recombinant fully human monoclonal antibody that specifically binds VAP-1. Timolumab (BTT1023 ) could be used in the study of chronic inflammatory diseases[1][2].
Yuanhuadin, extracted from Genkwa Flos Daphne genkwa, has antitumor activity through inhibiting Akt/mTOR and EGFR pathways, induce cell-cycle arrest and abortion[1].