Squalamine(MSI-1256) is an aminosterol compound with potent broad spectrum antiviral activity.IC50 value: Target: in vitro: squalamine can strongly displace membrane-bound cationic proteins such as Rac1, a ρ-GTPase recruited to the inner leaflet of the eukaryotic cytoplasmic membrane for the actin remodeling necessary for endocytosis. At concentrations between 20 and 60 μg/mL, squalamine has been shown to inhibit a broad array of growth factor-induced, actin-dependent responses in endothelial cells, including cell migration, cell division, and vascular tube formation in a 3D matrix [1]. Squalamine effectively inhibited HBV replication in human primary hepatocytes when added either during the initial exposure of virus to the cells or at 24 h after infection. A similar study was performed to evaluate the effect of squalamine on the replication of HDV. Squalamine was introduced at 20 μg/mL during HDV exposure, and the effects were measured at day 7 when total RNA was extracted and assayed for HDV RNA sequences [1]. in vivo: one time daily treatment with squalamine (15 or 30 mg/kg per d s.c.) was started beginning on day 1 or 2 after viral administration and continuing until day 8 or 9, respectively. Survival was monitored, and animals that remained alive by day 21 were considered cured [1].
Triclocarban is an antimicrobial agent used in personal cleaning products.
Chlordantoin is an antifungal drug which can be used to treat vaginal candidiasis.
Amphotericin B methyl ester is the methyl ester derivative of the polyene antibiotic Amphotericin B (A634250). Amphotericin B methyl ester is the cholesterol-binding compound possesses significant antifungal activity. Amphotericin B methyl ester disrupts HIV-1 particle production and potently inhibits HIV-1 replication[1][2].
Bepridil ((±)-Bepridil) is a calcium channel blocking agent used as antiarrhythmic agent. Bepridil inhibits both calcium and sodium currents, has research potential in certain ischemia-induced ventricular arrhythmias. Bepridil also has strong inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 from entry and replication inside Vero E6 and A549 cells[1][2].
Haemanthamine is a crinine-type alkaloid isolated from the Amaryllidaceae plants with potent anticancer activity. Haemanthamine targets ribosomal that inhibits protein biosynthesis during the elongation stage of translation. Haemanthamine has pro-apoptotic, antioxidant, antiviral, antimalarial and anticonvulsant activities[1][2].
Cefoperazone sodium salt is a cephalosporin antibiotic for inhibition of rMrp2-mediated [3H]E217βG uptake with IC50 of 199 μM.Target: AntibacterialCefoperazone is a sterile, semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, parenteral cephalosporin antibiotic for intravenous or intramuscular administration. After intravenous administration of 2 g of Cefoperazone, levels in serum rang from 202μg/mL to 375 μg/mL depending on the period of drug administration. After intramuscular injection of 2 g of Cefoperazone, the mean peak serum level is 111 μg/mL at 1.5 hours. At 12 hours after dosing, mean serum levels are still 2 to 4 μg/mL. Cefoperazone is 90% bound to serum proteins.
Rhein is a lipophilic anthraquinone extensively found in medicinal herbs, and has many pharmacological effects, including epatoprotective, nephroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial activities. IC50 value:Target:In vitro: Rhein (0.1 and 1 mg/mL) evidently suppressed cell proliferation and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activation in human colon adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2) but significantly lessened H2O2-induced DNA damage and the elevated MDA and ROS levels induced by H2O2/Fe2+ at the concentrations of 0.1–10 mg/mL [1].In vivo: Oral administration of rhein (150 mg/kg/d) evidently ameliorated renal interstitial fibrotic lesions and attenuated the expression of α-SMA and deposition of fibronectin (FN) in mice with renal interstitial fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction. Rhein also suppressed TGF-β1 and its type I receptor expression in obstructed kidneys [1]. The biochemical parameters results of IgAN model rats showed that rhein-prevented and rhein-treated both improved the biochemical parameters and relieved renal pathological injury. The expressions of renal tissue TLR4, TGF-β1, but not TLR9 were significantly elevated in IgAN model rats (P < 0.05). Rhein-prevented and rhein-treated both inhibited TLR4 and TGF-β1 expressions [2].
Plm IV inhibitor-1 (compound 6) is a potent plasmepsin IV (Plm IV) inhibitor with IC50s of 4.1, 0.80, 0.25, 0.35 µM for Plm I, Plm II, Plm IV, Cat D, respectively[1].
BRD3308 is a potent, selective HDAC3 inhibitor with IC50 of 54 nM, displays >20-fold selectivity over HDAC1 and HDAC2, >500-fold selectivity over other HDAC isoforms; attenuates PE-mediated phosphorylation of ERK, but not JNK; also activates HIV-1 transcription in the 2D10 cell line, induces outgrowth of HIV-1 from resting CD4+ T cells isolated from antiretroviral-treated, aviremic HIV+ patients ex vivo and disrupts HIV-1 latency; suppresses pancreatic β-cell apoptosis induced by inflammatory cytokines or glucolipotoxic stress, and increases functional insulin release.
2'-Deoxyuridine-15N2 is the 15N labeled 2'-Deoxyuridine. 2'-Deoxyuridine could increase chromosome breakage and results in a decreased thymidylate synthetase activity. A known use of 2'-Deoxyuridine is as a precursor in the synthesis of Edoxud[1]
Thalrugosaminine is a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from the roots of Thalictrum minus. Thalrugosaminine shows good antibacterial activity with MIC values of 64-128 µg/ml[1].
Carbocisteine, a mucolytic agent, can be used for the research of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)[1].
Thalifoline is an alkaloid isolated from the New Caledonian plant Cryptocarya longifolia[1] and displays antifungal activity[2].
Zika virus-IN-2 (Compd 3) is a Zika virus inhibitor, with an EC50 of 7.4 μM [1].
SDZ 224-015 is an orally active inhibitor of the interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) converting enzyme and caspase-1. SDZ 224-015 possesses anti-COVID-19 activity, targeting Mpro (IC50 of 30 nM)[1][2].
4-Chlorosalicylic acid is a pharmaceutical intermediate. Inhibits monophenolase and diphenolase activity with IC50s of 1.89 mM and 1.10 mM. Potent antimicrobial activity. Against E. coli with the MIC of 250 μg/mL and with the MBC of 500 μg/mL.
Carbodine (Carbocyclic cytidine) is a broad-spectrum antiviral agent active against DNA viruses, (+)RNA viruses, (-)RNA viruses, paramyxo, rhabdo and (+/-)RNA viruses, targets CTP synthetase that converts UTP to CTP. Carbodine (Carbocyclic cytidine) possesses significant antiviral activity against influenza virus types A0/PR-8/34 and A2/Aichi/2/68 in vitro[1][2].
Vidarabine is an antiviral drug which is active against herpes simplex and varicella zoster viruses.Target: DNA/RNA SynthesisVidarabine is a nucleoside antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces antibioticus. It has some antineoplastic properties and has broad spectrum activity against DNA viruses in cell cultures and significant antiviral activity against infections caused by a variety of viruses such as the herpes viruses, the vaccinia VIRUS and varicella zoster virus [1].
Stephanine ((-)-Stephanine) is an isoquinoline aporphine-type alkaloid. Stephanine induce apoptosis through the reverse of mitotic exit. Stephanine exhibits Antiplasmodial activity. Stephanine can be used for the research of stomach pain, abdominal pain, arthritis and cancer[1][2].
Mefloquine (Mefloquin), an orally active and potent quinoline antimalarial agent, is an anti-SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitor. Mefloquine is also a K+ channel (KvQT1/minK) antagonist with an IC50 of ~1 μM. Mefloquine can be used for malaria, systemic lupus erythematosus and cancer research[1][2][3].
Monooctyl phthalate-d4 (Mono-n-octyl phthalate-d4) is a deuterium labeled Monooctyl phthalate (HY-133671). Monooctyl phthalate (Mono-n-octyl phthalate) exhibits antimycobacterial activity with a MIC of 20 μg/mL[1][2].
Actinomycin D inhibits DNA repair with an IC50 of 0.42 μM.
Trovafloxacin is a broad-spectrum quinolone antibiotic with potent activity against Gram-positive, Gram-negative and anaerobic organisms. Trovafloxacin blocks the DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV activity. Trovafloxacin is also a potent, selective and orally active pannexin 1 channel (PANX1) inhibitor with an IC50 of 4 μM for PANX1 inward current. Trovafloxacin does not inhibit connexin 43 gap junction or PANX2. Trovafloxacin leads to dysregulated fragmentation of apoptotic cells by inhibiting PANX1[1][2][3].
Ibacitabine, an antiviral compound, can be used for gene sequencing[1].
Sinefungin is a potent inhibitor of virion mRNA(guanine-7-)-methyltransferase, mRNA(nucleoside-2'-)-methyltransferase, and viral multiplication[1]. Sinefungin, a SET7/9 inhibitor, ameliorates renal fibrosis by inhibiting H3K4 methylation [2].
AMD-070 is a potent, selective and orally available CXCR4 antagonist, with an IC50 value of 13 nM against CXCR4 125I-SDF binding, and also inhibits the replication of T-tropic HIV-1 (NL4.3 strain) in MT-4 cells and PBMCs with an IC50 of 1 and 9 nM, respectively.
SARS-CoV-2-IN-22 is a SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus entry inhibitor with an IC50 value of 16.96 µM[1].
Amikacin sulfate(BAY416651 sulfate) is a semi-synthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from kanamycin A.Target: AntibacterialAmikacin disrupts bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosome of susceptible organisms. Binding interferes with mRNA binding and tRNA acceptor sites leading to the production of non-functional or toxic peptides. Other mechanisms not fully understood may confer the bactericidal effects of amikacin. Amikacin is also nephrotoxic and ototoxic. Amikacin is useful against gentamicin-resistant gram-negative bacilli and also in the treatment of infections caused by susceptible Nocardia and nontuberculous mycobacteria.[1].
Derquantel is a potent anthelmintic. Derquantel causes flaccid paralysis and expulsion of nematodes[1].