Actinomycin D

Modify Date: 2024-01-02 18:29:21

Actinomycin D Structure
Actinomycin D structure
Common Name Actinomycin D
CAS Number 50-76-0 Molecular Weight 1255.417
Density 1.4±0.1 g/cm3 Boiling Point 1386.0±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Molecular Formula C62H86N12O16 Melting Point 251-253 °C
MSDS Chinese USA Flash Point 792.1±34.3 °C
Symbol GHS06
GHS06
Signal Word Danger

 Use of Actinomycin D


Actinomycin D inhibits DNA repair with an IC50 of 0.42 μM.

 Names

Name actinomycin D
Synonym More Synonyms

 Actinomycin D Biological Activity

Description Actinomycin D inhibits DNA repair with an IC50 of 0.42 μM.
Related Catalog
Target

IC50: 0.42 μM (DNA repair)[1]

In Vitro Actinomycin D is an inhibitor of DNA transcription and replication[1]. Actinomycin D markedly reduces the vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) proliferation via the inhibition of BrdU incorporation at 80 nM. This is further supported by the G1-phase arrest using a flowcytometric analysis. Actinomycin D is extremely potent with an inhibitory concentration IC50 at 0.4 nM, whereas the lethal dose LD50 is at 260 microM. The protein expression levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and Raf are all suppressed by Actinomycin D. Extracellular signal-regulated kinases (Erk) involved in cell-cycle arrest are found to increase by Actinomycin D[2].
In Vivo The pluronic gel containing 80 nM and 80μM Actinomycin D is applied topically to surround the rat carotid adventitia, the thickness of neointima is substantially reduced (45 and 55%, respectively)[2]. Mice in the Actinomycin D and fludarabine group lives significantly longer than the control group with P values of <0.001 and 0.007, respectively. Interestingly, single treatment with Actinomycin D is superior to fludarabine regarding overall survival (P=0.026)[3].
Kinase Assay Actinomycin D is co-incubated for 3 h at 30°C with a reaction mixture containing: 120 mg of a whole-cell extract of HeLa cells, 70 mM KCl, 0.4 mM each of dGTP, dCTP, dATP, and digoxygenylated-dUTP in reaction buffer containing 40mM Hepes-KOH (pH 7.6), 5 mM MgCl2, 0.5 mM Dithiotreitol, 2 mM EGTA, 10 mM phosphocreatine, 50 mg/mL creatine phosphate, and 360 mg/mL of bovine serum albumin. During this reaction, DNA damage is recognized and the excised patches are replaced by neosynthesized DNA fragments. Throughout this DNA synthesis, digoxygenylated-dUMPs are incorporated. The DNA repair reaction is stopped by three washes[1].
Animal Admin Mice[3] The original Eμ-TCL1a transgenic mice have been backcrossed to C57BL/6 mice for >9 generations.The C57BL/6 wild-type mice are engrafted with tumor cells from Eμ-TCL-1 transgenic mice. The percentage of CD5+/CD19+ cells in the peripheral blood is routinely checked in mice by taking blood from the tail vein and analyzing it via flow cytometry. When the percentage of tumor cells in the peripheral blood reached 40-60%, treatment is started. Actinomycin D (0.06 mg/kg by 10 days) is applied daily via i.p. injections.
References

[1]. Barret JM, et al. Evaluation of DNA repair inhibition by antitumor or antibiotic drugs using a chemiluminescence microplateassay. Carcinogenesis. 1997 Dec;18(12):2441-5.

[2]. Wu CH, et al. The molecular mechanism of actinomycin D in preventing neointimal formation in rat carotid arteries after balloon injury. J Biomed Sci. 2005;12(3):503-12.

[3]. Merkel O, et al. Actinomycin D induces p53-independent cell death and prolongs survival in high-risk chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leukemia. 2012 Dec;26(12):2508-16.

 Chemical & Physical Properties

Density 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point 1386.0±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point 251-253 °C
Molecular Formula C62H86N12O16
Molecular Weight 1255.417
Flash Point 792.1±34.3 °C
Exact Mass 1254.628418
PSA 359.98000
LogP -4.03
Vapour Pressure 0.0±0.3 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction 1.656
Stability Stable, but light sensitive, especially in dilute solution. Incompatible with strong acids, strong bases, strong oxidizing agents. Combustible.
Water Solubility SOLUBLE

 MSDS

Name: Actinomycin D Material Safety Data Sheet
Synonym: Dactinomycin
CAS: 50-76-0
Section 1 - Chemical Product MSDS Name:Actinomycin D Material Safety Data Sheet
Synonym:Dactinomycin

Section 2 - COMPOSITION, INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
CAS# Chemical Name content EINECS#
50-76-0 Actinomycin D 100.0 200-063-6
Hazard Symbols: T+
Risk Phrases: 28

Section 3 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
EMERGENCY OVERVIEW
Very toxic if swallowed.Light sensitive.
Potential Health Effects
Eye:
May cause severe eye irritation. May cause eye injury.
Skin:
May cause skin sensitization, an allergic reaction, which becomes evident upon re-exposure to this material.
Ingestion:
May be fatal if swallowed. May cause gastrointestinal irritation with nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.
Inhalation:
May cause respiratory tract irritation. May cause effects similar to those described for ingestion. Inhalation may produce coughing, nausea, and pulmonary edema.
Chronic:
Repeated exposure may cause sensitization dermatitis.

Section 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES
Eyes: Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical aid immediately.
Skin:
Get medical aid if irritation develops or persists. Wash clothing before reuse. Flush skin with plenty of soap and water. Destroy contaminated shoes.
Ingestion:
Call a poison control center. If swallowed, do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical aid.
Inhalation:
Remove from exposure and move to fresh air immediately. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear. Do NOT use mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.
Notes to Physician:
Treat symptomatically and supportively.

Section 5 - FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES
General Information:
As in any fire, wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear. During a fire, irritating and highly toxic gases may be generated by thermal decomposition or combustion.
Extinguishing Media:
Use water spray, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or chemical foam.

Section 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
General Information: Use proper personal protective equipment as indicated in Section 8.
Spills/Leaks:
Wash area with soap and water. Clean up spills immediately, observing precautions in the Protective Equipment section. Sweep up, then place into a suitable container for disposal. Avoid generating dusty conditions. Provide ventilation.

Section 7 - HANDLING and STORAGE
Handling:
Wash thoroughly after handling. Use with adequate ventilation.
Minimize dust generation and accumulation. Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Keep container tightly closed. Avoid ingestion and inhalation.
Storage:
Do not store in direct sunlight. Store in a tightly closed container. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances. Keep refrigerated. (Store below 4C/39F.)

Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS, PERSONAL PROTECTION
Engineering Controls:
Facilities storing or utilizing this material should be equipped with an eyewash facility and a safety shower. Use adequate ventilation to keep airborne concentrations low. Use only under a chemical fume hood.
Exposure Limits CAS# 50-76-0: Personal Protective Equipment Eyes: Wear appropriate protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles as described by OSHA's eye and face protection regulations in 29 CFR 1910.133 or European Standard EN166.
Skin:
Wear appropriate protective gloves to prevent skin exposure.
Clothing:
Wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent skin exposure.
Respirators:
Follow the OSHA respirator regulations found in 29 CFR 1910.134 or European Standard EN 149. Use a NIOSH/MSHA or European Standard EN 149 approved respirator if exposure limits are exceeded or if irritation or other symptoms are experienced.

Section 9 - PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Physical State: Powder
Color: red
Odor: none reported
pH: Not available.
Vapor Pressure: Not available.
Viscosity: Not available.
Boiling Point: Not available.
Freezing/Melting Point: 245-252C
Autoignition Temperature: Not applicable.
Flash Point: 241 deg C ( 465.80 deg F)
Explosion Limits, lower: Not available.
Explosion Limits, upper: Not available.
Decomposition Temperature: 250 deg C
Solubility in water: In methanol
Specific Gravity/Density:
Molecular Formula: C62H86N12O16
Molecular Weight: 1255.5

Section 10 - STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
Chemical Stability:
Stable under normal temperatures and pressures.
Conditions to Avoid:
Incompatible materials, light, dust generation, excess heat.
Incompatibilities with Other Materials:
Strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, strong acids Hazardous Decomposition Products:
Nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, irritating and toxic fumes and gases, carbon dioxide.
Hazardous Polymerization: Has not been reported

Section 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
RTECS#:
CAS# 50-76-0: AU1575000 LD50/LC50:
CAS# 50-76-0: Oral, mouse: LD50 = 13 mg/kg; Oral, mouse: LD50 = 20 mg/kg; Oral, rat: LD50 = 7200 ug/kg.
Carcinogenicity:
Actinomycin D - California: carcinogen, initial date 10/1/89 Other:
See actual entry in RTECS for complete information.

Section 12 - ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION


Section 13 - DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
Products which are considered hazardous for supply are classified as Special Waste and the disposal of such chemicals is covered by regulations which may vary according to location. Contact a specialist disposal company or the local waste regulator for advice. Empty containers must be decontaminated before returning for recycling.

Section 14 - TRANSPORT INFORMATION

IATA
No information available.
IMO
No information available.
RID/ADR
No information available.

Section 15 - REGULATORY INFORMATION

European/International Regulations
European Labeling in Accordance with EC Directives
Hazard Symbols: T+
Risk Phrases:
R 28 Very toxic if swallowed.
Safety Phrases:
S 1 Keep locked up.
S 45 In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek
medical advice immediately (show the label where
possible).
WGK (Water Danger/Protection)
CAS# 50-76-0: 3
Canada
None of the chemicals in this product are listed on the DSL/NDSL list.
CAS# 50-76-0 is not listed on Canada's Ingredient Disclosure List.
US FEDERAL
TSCA
CAS# 50-76-0 is not listed on the TSCA inventory.
It is for research and development use only.


SECTION 16 - ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
N/A

 Safety Information

Symbol GHS06
GHS06
Signal Word Danger
Hazard Statements H300
Precautionary Statements P264-P301 + P310
Personal Protective Equipment Eyeshields;Faceshields;full-face particle respirator type N100 (US);Gloves;respirator cartridge type N100 (US);type P1 (EN143) respirator filter;type P3 (EN 143) respirator cartridges
Hazard Codes T+:Verytoxic;
Risk Phrases R28;R40;R61
Safety Phrases S53-S36/37/39-S45-S1-S36/37-S28-S22
RIDADR UN 3462 6.1/PG 2
WGK Germany 3
RTECS AU1575000
Packaging Group II
Hazard Class 6.1(a)
HS Code 29419000

 Synthetic Route

 Customs

HS Code 29419000

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 Synonyms

dactinomycin
2-Amino-N,N'-bis[(6S,9R,10S,13R,18aS)-6,13-diisopropyl-2,5,9-trimethyl-1,4,7,11,14-pentaoxohexadecahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-i][1,4,7,10,13]oxatetraazacyclohexadecin-10-yl]-4,6-dimethyl-3-oxo-3H-phenoxazine-1,9-dicarboxamide
noxazin-1,9-dicarboxamid
2-amino-4,6-diméthyl-3-oxo-N,N'-bis[(6S,9R,10S,13R,18aS)-2,5,9-triméthyl-6,13-bis(1-méthyléthyl)-1,4,7,11,14-pentaoxohexadécahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-i][1,4,7,10,13]oxatétraazacyclohexadécin-10-yl]-3H-phé
Actinomycin AIV
2-Amino-4,6-dimethyl-3-oxo-N,N'-bis[(6S,9R,10S,13R,18aS)-2,5,9-trimethyl-6,13-bis(1-methylethyl)-1,4,7,11,14-pentaoxohexadecahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-i][1,4,7,10,13]oxatetraazacyclohexadecin-10-yl]-3H-phe
3H-phenoxazine-1,9-dicarboxamide, 2-amino-N1,N9-bis[(6S,9R,10S,13R,18aS)-hexadecahydro-2,5,9-trimethyl-6,13-bis(1-methylethyl)-1,4,7,11,14-pentaoxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-i][1,4,7,10,13]oxatetraazacyclohexadecin-10-yl]-4,6-dimethyl-3-oxo-
Actinomycin X1
2-amino-4,6-dimethyl-3-oxo-N,N'-bis[(6S,9R,10S,13R,18aS)-2,5,9-trimethyl-6,13-bis(1-methylethyl)-1,4,7,11,14-pentaoxohexadecahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-i][1,4,7,10,13]oxatetraazacyclohexadecin-10-yl]-3H-phenoxazine-1,9-dicarboxamide
EINECS 200-063-6
MFCD00070921
2-amino-4,6-dimethyl-3-oxo-N,N'-bis[(6S,9R,10S,13R,18aS)-2,5,9-trimethyl-1,4,7,11,14-pentaoxo-6,13-di(propan-2-yl)hexadecahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-i][1,4,7,10,13]oxatetraazacyclohexadecin-10-yl]-3H-phenoxazine-1,9-dicarboxamide
MERACTINOMYCIN
Actinomycin I1
Acto-D
Actinomycin D
Chounghwamycin B
2-Amino-4,6-dimethyl-3-oxo-N,N'-bis[(6S,9R,10S,13R,18aS)-2,5,9-trimethyl-6,13-bis(1-methylethyl)-1,4,7,11,14-pentaoxohexadecahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-i][1,4,7,10,13]oxatetraazacyclohexadecin-10-yl]-3H-phenoxazin-1,9-dicarboxamid
Dilactone actinomycin D acid
2-amino-4,6-diméthyl-3-oxo-N,N'-bis[(6S,9R,10S,13R,18aS)-2,5,9-triméthyl-6,13-bis(1-méthyléthyl)-1,4,7,11,14-pentaoxohexadécahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-i][1,4,7,10,13]oxatétraazacyclohexadécin-10-yl]-3H-phénoxazine-1,9-dicarboxamide
3H-phenoxazine-1,9-dicarboxamide, 2-amino-N,N'-bis[(6S,9R,10S,13R,18aS)-hexadecahydro-2,5,9-trimethyl-6,13-bis(1-methylethyl)-1,4,7,11,14-pentaoxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-i][1,4,7,10,13]oxatetraazacyclohexadecin-10-yl]-4,6-dimethyl-3-oxo-
ACT
Oncostatin K
noxazine-1,9-dicarboxamide
3H-Phenoxazine-1,9-dicarboxamide, 2-amino-N,N-bis[(6S,9R,10S,13R,18aS)-hexadecahydro-2,5,9-trimethyl-6,13-bis(1-methylethyl)-1,4,7,11,14-pentaoxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-i][1,4,7,10,13]oxatetraazacyclohexadecin-10-yl]-4,6-dimethyl-3-oxo-
3H-Phenoxazine-1,9-dicarboxamide, 2-amino-N,N-bis[(6S,9R,10S,13R,18aS)-hexadecahydro-2,5,9-trimethyl-6,13-bis(1-methylethyl)-1,4,7,11,14-pentaoxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-i][1,4,7,10,13]oxatetraazacyclohe&#xD; xadecin-10-yl]-4,6-dimethyl-3-oxo-
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