Rhein

Modify Date: 2025-08-20 20:52:05

Rhein structure	Common Name	Rhein
	CAS Number	478-43-3	Molecular Weight	284.220
	Density	1.7±0.1 g/cm3	Boiling Point	597.8±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
	Molecular Formula	C₁₅H₈O₆	Melting Point	≥300 °C(lit.)
	MSDS	Chinese USA	Flash Point	329.4±26.6 °C
	Symbol	GHS07	Signal Word	Warning

Use of Rhein

Rhein is a lipophilic anthraquinone extensively found in medicinal herbs, and has many pharmacological effects, including epatoprotective, nephroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial activities. IC50 value:Target:In vitro: Rhein (0.1 and 1 mg/mL) evidently suppressed cell proliferation and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activation in human colon adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2) but significantly lessened H2O2-induced DNA damage and the elevated MDA and ROS levels induced by H2O2/Fe2+ at the concentrations of 0.1–10 mg/mL [1].In vivo: Oral administration of rhein (150 mg/kg/d) evidently ameliorated renal interstitial fibrotic lesions and attenuated the expression of α-SMA and deposition of fibronectin (FN) in mice with renal interstitial fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction. Rhein also suppressed TGF-β1 and its type I receptor expression in obstructed kidneys [1]. The biochemical parameters results of IgAN model rats showed that rhein-prevented and rhein-treated both improved the biochemical parameters and relieved renal pathological injury. The expressions of renal tissue TLR4, TGF-β1, but not TLR9 were significantly elevated in IgAN model rats (P < 0.05). Rhein-prevented and rhein-treated both inhibited TLR4 and TGF-β1 expressions [2].

Name	Rhein
Synonym	More Synonyms

Description	Rhein is a lipophilic anthraquinone extensively found in medicinal herbs, and has many pharmacological effects, including epatoprotective, nephroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial activities. IC50 value:Target:In vitro: Rhein (0.1 and 1 mg/mL) evidently suppressed cell proliferation and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activation in human colon adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2) but significantly lessened H2O2-induced DNA damage and the elevated MDA and ROS levels induced by H2O2/Fe2+ at the concentrations of 0.1–10 mg/mL [1].In vivo: Oral administration of rhein (150 mg/kg/d) evidently ameliorated renal interstitial fibrotic lesions and attenuated the expression of α-SMA and deposition of fibronectin (FN) in mice with renal interstitial fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction. Rhein also suppressed TGF-β1 and its type I receptor expression in obstructed kidneys [1]. The biochemical parameters results of IgAN model rats showed that rhein-prevented and rhein-treated both improved the biochemical parameters and relieved renal pathological injury. The expressions of renal tissue TLR4, TGF-β1, but not TLR9 were significantly elevated in IgAN model rats (P < 0.05). Rhein-prevented and rhein-treated both inhibited TLR4 and TGF-β1 expressions [2].
Related Catalog	Signaling Pathways >> Autophagy >> Autophagy Research Areas >> Cancer Natural Products >> Quinones Research Areas >> Inflammation/Immunology Research Areas >> Infection
References	[1]. Xiaowen Chen, et al. Toll-like receptor 4 is involved in a protective effect of rhein on immunoglobulin A nephropathy. Indian J Pharmacol. 2015 Jan-Feb; 47(1): 27–33. [2]. Hou ML, et al. The Drug-Drug Effects of Rhein on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Clozapine in Rat Brain Extracellular Fluid by In Vivo Microdialysis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2015 Oct;355(1):125-34. [3]. Yan-Xi Zhou, et al. Rhein: A Review of Pharmacological Activities. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015; 2015: 578107.

Description

Related Catalog

Signaling Pathways >> Autophagy >> Autophagy

Research Areas >> Cancer

Natural Products >> Quinones

Research Areas >> Inflammation/Immunology

Research Areas >> Infection

References

[1]. Xiaowen Chen, et al. Toll-like receptor 4 is involved in a protective effect of rhein on immunoglobulin A nephropathy. Indian J Pharmacol. 2015 Jan-Feb; 47(1): 27–33.

[2]. Hou ML, et al. The Drug-Drug Effects of Rhein on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Clozapine in Rat Brain Extracellular Fluid by In Vivo Microdialysis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2015 Oct;355(1):125-34.

[3]. Yan-Xi Zhou, et al. Rhein: A Review of Pharmacological Activities. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015; 2015: 578107.

Density	1.7±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point	597.8±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point	≥300 °C(lit.)
Molecular Formula	C₁₅H₈O₆
Molecular Weight	284.220
Flash Point	329.4±26.6 °C
Exact Mass	284.032074
PSA	111.90000
LogP	4.58
Vapour Pressure	0.0±1.8 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction	1.761
Storage condition	2-8°C
Water Solubility	<0.1 g/100 mL at 17 ºC

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: CA9516000

CHEMICAL NAME :: 2-Anthracenecarboxylic acid, 9,10-dihydro-4,5-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxo-

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 478-43-3

BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :: 2222155

LAST UPDATED :: 199612

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 2

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C15-H8-O6

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 284.23

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: >5 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: PHTOEH Pharmacology and Toxicology (Copenhagen). (Munksgaard International Pub., POB 2148, DK-1016 Copenhagen K, Denmark) V.60- 1987- Volume(issue)/page/year: 61,153,1987

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: >25 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: PHTOEH Pharmacology and Toxicology (Copenhagen). (Munksgaard International Pub., POB 2148, DK-1016 Copenhagen K, Denmark) V.60- 1987- Volume(issue)/page/year: 61,153,1987

Symbol	GHS07
Signal Word	Warning
Hazard Statements	H315-H319-H335
Precautionary Statements	P305 + P351 + P338
Personal Protective Equipment	dust mask type N95 (US);Eyeshields;Gloves
Hazard Codes	Xi
Risk Phrases	R36/37/38:Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin .
Safety Phrases	S26-S37/39
RIDADR	NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany	2
RTECS	CA9516000
HS Code	2918990090

Precursor 9
CAS#:13739-02-1 Diacerein CAS#:481-74-3 Chrysophanic acid CAS#:1402610-53-0 rhein potassium CAS#:481-72-1 Aloeemodin
CAS#:6155-37-9 Rhein methyl ester CAS#:820243-51-4 5-hydroxy-4-(2-... CAS#:109650-18-2 Ethyl 9,10-dihy... CAS#:820243-52-5 (2,4-dibromo-6-...
CAS#:820243-54-7 (2-benzyloxy-4,...
DownStream 3
CAS#:117-10-2 Dantron CAS#:13739-02-1 Diacerein CAS#:72049-24-2 4,5-dimethoxy-9...

HS Code	2918990090
Summary	2918990090. other carboxylic acids with additional oxygen function and their anhydrides, halides, peroxides and peroxyacids; their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives. VAT:17.0%. Tax rebate rate:13.0%. . MFN tariff:6.5%. General tariff:30.0%

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Rhein

1,8-dihydroxy-3-carboxy-9,10-anthraquinone

EINECS 207-521-4

Cassic acid

2-Anthracenecarboxylic acid, 9,10-dihydro-4,5-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxo-

Rheic acid

Rhubarb Yellow

1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone-3-carboxylic acid

1,8-dihydroxy-3-carboxyanthraquinone

9,10-Dihydro-4,5-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxo-2-anthracenecarboxylic acid

MFCD00009618

Monorhein

4,5-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-2-carboxylic acid

4,5-Dihydroxy-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydro-2-anthracenecarboxylic acid

4,5-Dihydroxyanthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid

9,10-dihydro-4,5-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-carboxylic acid

Chrysazin-3-carboxylic acid

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Shanghai Nianxing Industrial Co., Ltd
China
Product Name: Rhein
Price: Check
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Shanghai Jizhi Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd
China
Product Name: Rhein
Price: ￥378.0/20mg ￥348.0/5g ￥108.0/1g
Purity: 98.0%
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DC Chemicals Limited
China
Product Name: Rhein(Monorhein)
Price: $500.0/1g
Purity: 98.0%
Delivery: 3 Day
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ShangHai DC Chemicals Co.,Ltd
China
Product Name: Rhein(Monorhein)
Price: ￥Inquiry/1g
Purity: 98.9%
Delivery: 1 Day
Contact: Tony Lai
Email: order@dcchemicals.com

Henan Tianfu Chemical Co., Ltd.
China
Product Name: Rhein
Price: $Inquiry/1kg $Inquiry/25kg $Inquiry/1000kg $Inquiry/10ton
Purity: 99.0%
Delivery: Inquiry
Contact: Anson
Email: info@tianfuchem.com

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Rhein

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