Sorbic acid, isolated from Sorbus aucuparia, is a naturally occurring, highly efficient, and nonpoisonous food preservative. Sorbic acid generally is an effective inhibitor of most molds and yeasts and some bacteria[1].
Etesevimab (JS016) is a recombinant neutralizing human IgG1 anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody[1].
Rosamultin is a 19 α-hydroxyursane-type triterpenoid isolated from Potentilla anserina L. Rosamultin has inhibitory effects against HIV-1 protease[1]. Rosamultin has the potential for treating H2O2-induced oxidative stress injury through its antioxidant and antiapoptosis effects[2].
Tigecycline hydrochloride is a first-in-class, broad spectrum antibiotic with activity against antibiotic-resistant organisms.Target: AntibacterialTigecycline hydrochloride is active against a broad range of gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial species including clinically important multidrug-resistant nosocomial and community-acquired bacterial pathogens. Tigecycline hydrochloride has been shown to inhibit the translation elongation step by binding to the ribosome 30S subunit and preventing aminoacylated tRNAs to accommodate in the ribosomal A site [1]. Tigecycline hydrochloride has also been found to be effective for the treatment of community- as well as hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia and bacteremia, sepsis with shock and urinary tract infections. Tigecycline hydrochloride appears to be a valuable treatment option for the management of superbugs, especially where conventional therapy has failed [2].Fifteen patients received tigecycline hydrochloride for 16 episodes of CPKP infection. The main infections were pneumonia (31%), urinary tract infection (31%), peritonitis (20%), catheter-related bacteraemia (12%), and meningitis (6%). Most infections were complicated with severe sepsis (44%), septic shock (12%), and/or bacteraemia (19%). The daily maintenance dose of tigecycline hydrochloride was 200 mg in 10 episodes and 100 mg in 6 episodes. The overall 30-day mortality rate was 25%. Univariate analysis showed that mortality was significantly associated (p < 0.01) with mean APACHE II and SOFA scores and the presence of immunosuppression, but not with the tigecycline hydrochloride dose [3].Clinical indications: Acinetobacter infection; Bacterial infection; Bacterial pneumonia; Bacterial skin infection; Bacteroides fragilis infection; Bacteroides infection; Citrobacter infection; Clostridiaceae infection; Clostridium difficile infection; Clostridium infection; Enterobacter infectionFDA Approved Date: June 17, 2005 Toxicity: nausea; vomiting; diarrhea; local IV-site reaction; infection; fever; headache
Santonin is an active principle of the plant Artemisia cina, which is formely used to treat worms[1].
Enoxastrobin (Enestroburin) is an anti-fungal agent. Enoxastrobin is active against P. oryzae and B. cinerea[1].
Guignardone K is a meroterpene compound isolated from solid cultures of the endophytic fungus Guignardia sp.. Guignardone K has antifungal activity[1].
4-((4-((4-Aminophenyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)amino)-4-oxobutanoic acid is a sulfonamide antiinfective agent[1].
Sulfadiazine sodium belongs to the class of sulfonamide antibiotics that are used for veterinary purposes worldwide, mainly in pig production. Sulfadiazine sodium is also used for toxoplasmosis[1][2].
BiCAPPA is the first bivalent antiprion ligand. BiCAPPA can decrease infectious conformational form of prion protein (PrPSc) from scrapie-infected cells, with an EC50 of 0.32 μM[1][2].
Pseudouridimycin (PUM), an antibiotic, is a selective bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP) inhibitor. Pseudouridimycin is a C-nucleoside analogue that is effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria[1].
Cosalane (NSC 658586) is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication. Cosalane has an intrinsic ability to block human and murine CCR7 function in vitro in response to both of its natural ligands, CCL19 and CCL21, with the IC50 of 0.207/2.66 μM in human for CCL19/CCL21 and 0.193/1.98 μM in murine, respectively[1][2].
D-Gluconic acid is the carboxylic acid by the oxidation with antiseptic and chelating properties.
Fmoc-Glu-OMe a glutamic acid derivative, shows antibacterial activity and gelation property in AgNO3 solution. Fmoc-Glu-OMe is a mouldable wound healing biomaterial[1].
N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-oxamic acid is formed when Metronidazole is reduced either chemically or by the action of the intestinal bacteria. Metronidazole, a nitroimidazole antibiotic, has activity against various protozoans and most Gram-negative and Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria[1][2].
6-Thioguanine is an anti-leukemia and immunosuppressant agent, acts as an inhibitor of SARS and MERS coronavirus papain-like proteases (PLpros) and also potently inhibits USP2 activity, with IC50s of 25 μM and 40 μM for Plpros and recombinant human USP2, respectively.
Ac-DNLD-CHO (Ac-Asp-Asn-Leu-Asp-CHO) is a Caspase-3/7 inhibitor (IC50: 9.89, 245 nM respectively; Kiapp: 0.68, 55.7 nM respectively). Ac-DNLD-CHO can be used for research of caspase-mediated apoptosis diseases, such as neurodegenerative disorders and viral infection diseases[1].
Defensin HNP-3 human is a cytotoxic antibiotic peptide known as "defensin". Defensin HNP-3 human has inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Defensin HNP-3 human is initially synthesized as the 94 amino acids preproHNP(1-94), which is hydrolyzed to proHNP(20-94) and converted to mature HNP(65-94) after the removal of anion precursors[1][2].
Tildipirosin, a long-acting macrolide, has antibiotic activity.
Milbemycin oxime is a veterinary drug from the group of milbemycins, used as a broad spectrum antiparasitic.
Isoapetalic acid (compound 4) is a potent anti-HIV agent[1].
Dehydrojuncusol, a potent HCV inhibitor, targets HCV NS5A and is able to inhibit RNA replication of replicons harboring resistance mutations to anti-NS5A direct-acting antivirals. Dehydrojuncusol significantly inhibits HCV infection when added after virus inoculation of HCV genotype 2a (EC50=1.35 µM)[1].
2′-Deoxy-2′-fluoroguanosine, a nucleoside analog, is a potent inhibitor of influenza virus strains, with an EC90 of <0.35 μM for influenza virus A and B strains. 2′-Deoxy-2′-fluoroguanosine significantly inhibits replication of influenza virus in the upper respiratory tract, resulting in amelioration of fever and nasal inflammation[1][2].
Mipomersen (ISIS 301012 free base) is an antisense oligonucleotide inhibitor of apolipoprotein B (apoB). Mipomersen has anti-HCV effect and reduces the infectivity of the HCV. Mipomersen can be used for the research of homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH)[1][2].
MF 5137 is a potent antibacterial agent.
3'-O-Methylguanosine is a methylated nucleoside analogs and a RNA chain terminator. 3'-O-methylguanosine can inhibit early virus-specific RNA synthesis[1].
4-Phenoxybenzylamine inhibits the function of the NS3 protein by stabilizing an inactive conformation with an IC50 of about 500 μM against FL NS3/4a.
Malaoxon is a pesticide metabolite. Malaoxon can induce cellular death in cultured human pulmonary cells. Malaoxon can be used for the research of pulmonary toxicity[1].
Sofalcone, a gastric antiulcer agent in clinical use, is known to induce the expression of Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in gastric epithelium.