ANP (1-30), frog is a peptide fragment of atrial natriuretic peptide derived from frog. ANP (1-30), frog has natriuretic, diuretic, and vasorelaxant effects.
S62798 is a selective and potent inhibitor of activated thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFIa) with an IC50 value of 6 mM.
Palmitic acid-d2-1 is the deuterium labeled Palmitic acid. Palmitic acid is a long-chain saturated fatty acid commonly found in both animals and plants. Palmitic acid can induce the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) in in mouse granulosa cells[1][2].
[Deglycinamide9, Arginine8]-Vasopressin is a Vasopressin (HY-B1811) analog. [Deglycinamide9, Arginine8]-Vasopressin induces platelet aggregation. [Deglycinamide9, Arginine8]-Vasopressin has hemostatic effect[1].
Bistrifluron has insecticidal effects on the larval stage, and also has an effect on adult longevity, reproduction, and hatchability. Bistrifluron is used for the control of a variety of Lepidopterous pests[1].
Tri-Salicylic acid is the compound with similar properties of salicylic acid. Tri-Salicylic acid has the potential for the research of inflammation, obesity and cardiovascular diseases (extracted from patent US20170368079A1, compound III)[1].
CU06-1004 (Sac-1004) is an orally active endothelial dysfunction blocker. CU06-1004 ameliorates endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting hyperpermeability and inflammation, and is potent in inhibiting vascular leakage and inflammation in various animal models, such as diabetic retinopathy, stroke, cancer, and inflammatory bowel disease. CU06-1004 ameliorates CDAA-induced mouse model of NASH. CU06-1004 also improves cardiac function[1][2][3].
Zatebradine(UL-FS49) Hcl is a potent HCN channels antagonist, which decreased the heartbeat in a reversible manner; 92% inhibition of the hHCN1-mediated current at 10 uM.IC50 value: 10 uM(92% 92% inhibition of the hHCN1) [1]Target: hHCN channel antagonistThe pharmacological properties of hHCN1-mediated currents resembled those of native hyperpolarization-activated currents (I(h)), that is, blockade by Cs(+) (99% at 5 mm), ZD 7288 (98% at 100 microm) and zatebradine (92% at 10 microm) [1]. When voltage-clamp pulse trains were applied, cilobradine induced a use-dependent blockade of If that was stronger and faster than that with zatebradine. Recovery from blockade during prolonged hyperpolarization was significantly faster with zatebradine [2]. The selective HCN blocker zatebradine reduced the activity of oriens-lacunosum moleculare interneurons in wild-type but not HCN2(-/-) mice and decreased the frequency of spontaneous inhibitory currents in postsynaptic CA1 pyramidal cells [3].
Zagociguat is the stimulator of soluble guanylate cyclase. Zagociguat increases nitric oxide (NO) signaling leading to an increase in cyclic guanosine monophosphate production. Zagociguat has the potential for the research of noncentral nervous system (CNS) disorders[1].
PDE5-IN-2 is a potent, highly selective, and orally active PDE5 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.31 nM, less potently inhibits PDE2A, PDE10A, PDE4D2, and PDE6C, with IC50s of 106, 46, 43, 1.2 nM, respectively. Anti-pulmonary arterial hypertension activity[1].
Apixaban is a highly selective, reversible inhibitor of Factor Xa with Ki of 0.08 nM and 0.17 nM in human and rabbit, respectively.
PRX-08066 is a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B (5-HT2BR, IC50= 3.4 nM) antagonist that causes selective vasodilation of pulmonary arteries. IC50 value: 3.4 nM [1]Target: HT2B receptorin vitro: PRX-08066 inhibits 5-HT-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase activation with IC50 of 12 nM and markedly reduces thymidine incorporation with IC50 of 3 nM in Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing the human 5-HT2BR, which suggests that PRX-08066 can potentially inhibit the pathologic 5-HT-induced vascular muscularization associated with PAH [1]. PRX-08066 inhibits cell proliferation with IC50 of 0.46 nM and with a maximum inhibition of 20% and 5-HT secretion with IC50 of 6.9 nM with a maximum inhibition of 30% in the 5-HT(2B) expressing SI-NET cell line, KRJ-I. PRX-08066 inhibits isoproterenol-stimulated 5-HT release with IC50 of 1.25 nM and a maximum inhibition of 60% in NCI-H720 cells. PRX-08066 (0.5 nM) significantly inhibits ERK phosphorylation in KRJ-I cells. PRX-08066 inhibits TGFβ1, CTGF and FGF2 transcription and secretion in KRJ-I cells. PRX-08066 decreases level of transcripts for Ki67 (84%) as well as Ki67 protein (36.8%) associated with an increase in caspase 3 transcript levels in KRJ-I cells. PRX-08066 decreases level of transcripts of TGFβ1, FGF2 and TPH1 in KRJ-I cells. PRX-08066 significantly increases the number of dead cells (34%) compared with untreated controls in KRJ-I cells. PRX-08066 causes a significant increase in dead/caspase 3 positive cells (76%) and caspase 3 activity (52%) in HEK293 cells [2].in vivo: PRX-08066 (100 mg/kg) treated groups demonstrates less right ventricular hypertrophy and septal flattening than the monocrotaline control group in rats. PRX-08066 significantly reduces peak pulmonary artery pressure at 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg compared with monocrotaline control rats. PRX-08066 also significantly reduces right ventricle (RV)/body weight and RV/left ventricle + septum, compared with MCT-treated rats. PRX-08066 significantly attenuates the elevation in pulmonary artery pressure and RV hypertrophy and maintains cardiac function. PRX-08066 significantly reduces the hypoxia-dependent increase in right ventricular systolic pressure in both rats and mice without affecting the systemic mean arterial pressure in the animals [1]. PRX-08066 (100 mg/kg) significantly inhibits both right ventricular systolic pressure and right ventricular/left ventricular +septum weight elevations in rats. PRX-08066 (30 mg/kg) inhibits right ventricular systolic pressure and monocrotaline-induced ERK phosphorylation in whole lung homogenates in rats [3].
Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide Disodium is a redox cofactor, more specifically a prosthetic group of a protein, involved in several important enzymatic reactions in metabolism.
IOX2 sodium is a specific prolyl hydroxylase-2 (PHD2) inhibitor with IC50 of 22 nM. IOX2 sodium regulates platelet function and arterial thrombosis by upregulating HIF-1α expression and inhibiting ROS production. IOX2 sodium can be used in the study of thrombotic diseases[1][2].
Cyproheptadine is a potent and orally active 5-HT2A receptor antagonist, with antidepressant and antiserotonergic effects. Cyproheptadine has antiplatelet and thromboprotective activities. Cyproheptadine can be used for the research of thromboembolic disorders[1][2].
Ropivacaine-d7 is deuterium labeled Ropivacaine. Ropivacain is a potent sodium channel blocker. Ropivacain blocks impulse conduction via reversible inhibition of sodium ion influx in nerve fibrese[1][2]. Ropivacaine is also an inhibitor of K2P (two-pore domain potassium channel) TREK-1 with an IC50 of 402.7 μM in COS-7 cell's membrane[3]. Ropivacaine is used for the research of neuropathic pain management[1].
Olmesartan methyl ester is an intermediate in the synthesis of Olmesartan medoxomil. Olmesartan medoxomil is a potent and selective angiotensin AT1 receptor antagonist with IC50 of 66.2 μM[1][2].
PMX53 (Ac-Phe-cyclo(Orn-Pro-D-Cha-Trp-Arg)) is a potent C5a receptor (CD88) antagonist with IC50 of 20 nM, also is an agonist for Mas-related gene 2 (MrgX2) in human mast cells; PMX-53 (10 nM) inhibited C5a-induced Ca(2+) mobilization in HMC-1 cells, but at higher concentrations (>30 nM) it caused degranulation in LAD2 mast cells, CD34(+) cell-derived mast cells, and RBL-2H3 cells stably expressing MrgX2; inhibits zymosan-, carrageenan-, LPS- and antigen-induced hypernociception in rats.
YM-750 is a potent acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitor (IC50=0.18 μM). ACAT catalyzes the formation of cholesteryl esters from cholesterol and long-chain fatty-acyl-coenzyme A[1][2].
Bay-K-8644 (R)-(+)- is a calcium channel inhibitor. Bay-K-8644 (R)-(+)- inhibits Ba2+ currents (IBa) (IC50=975 nM).
Practolol is a potent and selective β1-adrenergic receptor antagonist. Practolol can be used for the research of cardiac arrhythmias[1][2][3].
Shz-1, a small cardiogenic molecule, induces various cardiac-specific genes including sarcomeric tropomyosin in P19CL6 cells. Shz-1 induces Nkx2.5 expression in mouse. Shz-1 activates the axolotl TPM4 promoter-driven ectopic expression in C2C12 cells[1].
Metoprolol Succinate (Toprol XL) is a selective β1 receptor blocker used in treatment of several diseases of the cardiovascular system, especially hypertension.IC50 value:Target: β1 receptor
Dofetilide N-oxide (UK-116856) is a metabolite of Dofetilide. Dofetilide is a class III antiarrhythmic agent that blocks potassium channels[1][2].
BAR501 is a potent and selective agonist of GPBAR1 with an EC50 of 1 μM.
Bufuralol (Ro 3-4787) is a potent non-selective, orally active β-adrenoreceptor antagonist with partial agonist activity. Bufuralol hydrochloride is a CYP2D6 probe substrate[1][2][3][4].
Dabigatran etexilate mesylate (BIBR 1048MS) is the orally active prodrug of dabigatran. Dabigatran is a reversible and selective, direct thrombin inhibitor (DTI) with Ki value of 4.5 nM.IC50 Value: 4.5 nM (Ki); 10 nM(Thrombin-induced platelet aggregation) [1]in vitro: Dabigatran selectively and reversibly inhibited human thrombin(Ki: 4.5 nM) as well as thrombin-induced platelet aggregation (IC(50): 10 nM), while showing no inhibitory effect on other platelet-stimulating agents.Thrombin generation in platelet-poor plasma (PPP), measured as the endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) was inhibited concentration-dependently (IC(50): 0.56 microM). Dabigatran demonstrated concentration-dependent anticoagulant effects in various species in vitro, doubling the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT) and ecarin clotting time (ECT) in human PPP at concentrations of 0.23, 0.83 and 0.18 microM, respectively [1]. in vivo: Dabigatran prolonged the aPTT dose-dependently after intravenous administration in rats (0.3, 1 and 3 mg/kg) and rhesus monkeys (0.15, 0.3 and 0.6 mg/kg). Dose- and time-dependent anticoagulant effects were observed with dabigatran etexilate administered orally to conscious rats (10, 20 and 50 mg/kg) or rhesus monkeys (1, 2.5 or 5 mg/kg), with maximum effects observed between 30 and 120 min after administration, respectively [1]. Patients treated with dabigatran etexilate experienced fewer ischaemic strokes (3.74 dabigatran etexilate vs 3.97 warfarin) and fewer combined intracranial haemorrhages and haemorrhagic strokes (0.43 dabigatran etexilate vs 0.99 warfarin) per 100 patient-years [2].Clinical trial: An Evaluation of the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Oral Dabigatran Etexilate in Hemodialysis Patients . Phase1
Palonosetron-d3 hydrochloride is the deuterium labeled Palonosetron hydrochloride. Palonosetron hydrochloride is a 5-HT3 antagonist used in the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV)[1][2].
Gypenoside XVII, a novel phytoestrogen belonging to the gypenosides, can activate estrogen receptors.