γ-Fibrinogen377-395 is a fibrinogen-derived inhibitory peptide, as well as fibrinogen epitope. γ-Fibrinogen377-395 blocks microglia activation and inhibits fibrin-Mac-1 interactions in vitro, and suppresses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice in vivo. γ-Fibrinogen377-395 can be used for research in multiple sclerosis (MS), and other neuroinflammatory diseases associated with blood-brain barrier disruption and microglia activation[1].
Aristolactam A IIIa (Sch 546909) is an aristolactam-type alkaloid that can be isolated from Glycosmis chlorosperma. Aristolactam A IIIa is a DYRK1A Inhibitor. Aristolactam A IIIa inhibits platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid (AA), collagen and platelet-activating factor (PAF). Aristolactam A IIIa has strong cytotoxic effect on HeLa cells[1].
Etamicastat hydrochloride (BIA 5-453 hydrochloride) is a potent and reversible dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 107 nM[1]. Etamicastat can be used in the research of cardiovascular diseases[2].
Isoprenaline is a non-selective, orally active β-adrenergic receptor agonist. Isoprenaline has potent peripheral vasodilator, bronchodilator, and cardiac stimulating activities. Isoprenaline can be used for the research of bradycardia and bronchial asthma[1][2][3][4][5][6].
GSK484 is a peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) inhibitor. GSK484 demonstrates high affinity binding to PAD4 with IC50s of 50 nM in the absence of Calcium. In the presence of 2 mM Calcium, notably lower potency (250 nM) is observed.
AZD-1305 is an antiarrhythmic agent and atrial selective sodium channel/potassium channel blocker, which can significantly prolongs action potential duration and reduces excitability, cause atrial selective ERP prolongation and acute termination of atrial fibrillation. AZD1305 can be used for atrial fibrillation research[1][2].
(Rac)-5-Keto Fluvastatin (3-Hydroxy-5-Keto Fluvastatin) is an impurity of Fluvastatin (XU 62320). Fluvastatin is a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor with an IC50 of 8 nM[1].
Alinidine hydrobromide is a specific bradycardic agent. Alinidine hydrobromide reduces the slope of the diastolic depolarization in sinoatrial tissue and Purkinje fibers[1].
SR33805 is a potent Ca2+ channel antagonist, with EC50s of 4.1 nM and 33 nM in depolarized and polarized conditions, respectively. SR33805 blocks L-type but not T-type Ca2+ channels. SR33805 can be used for the research of acute or chronic failing hearts[1][2].
FR900359 is a depsipeptide selective inhibitor of Gαq/11/14 in mammalia, can inhibits ERK pathway. FR900359 suppresses the proliferation of melanoma cells and decreases of blood pressure. FR900359 also protected against airway hyperreactivity in murine models of allergen sensitization in Ovalbumins(HY-W250978)–induced sensitization model of asthma. FR900359 can be used for cancer and cardiovascular disease research[1][2][3][4].
Fasentin, a potent glucose uptake inhibitor, inhibits GLUT-1/GLUT-4 transporters. Fasentin preferentially inhibits GLUT4 (IC50=68 μM) over GLUT1. Fasentin is a death receptor stimuli (FAS) sensitizer and sensitizes cells to FAS-induced cell death. Fasentin is also a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) apoptosis-inducing ligand sensitizer. Fasentin blocks glucose uptake in cancer cell lines and has anti-angiogenic activity[1][2][3].
Volociximab (M200) is a chimeric human/murine IgG4 antibody IIA1 targeting integrin α5β1 (EC50=0.2 nM). Integrin α5β1 is a major fibronectin receptor involved in angiogenesis. Volociximab has antiangiogenic and antitumor activities and inhibits the proliferation of human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs)[1][2].
m-Nifedipine is an impurity of Nifedipine (BAY-a-1040). Nifedipine is a potent calcium channel blocker and drug of choice for cardiac insufficiencies[1].
Labetalol (AH5158) is an orally active selective α1- and non-selective β-adrenergic receptors competitive antagonist. Labetalol, an anti-hypertensive agent, can be used for the research of cardiovascular disease, such as hypertension in pregnancy[1][2][3].
ATP synthase inhibitor 1 is a potent inhibitor of c subunit of the F1/FO-ATP synthase complex, inhibits mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening, does not affect ATP levels[1].
Nicorandil is potassium channel activator.Target: Potassium ChannelNicorandil is a vasodilatory drug used to treat angina. Nicorandil stimulates guanylate cyclase to increase formation of cyclic GMP (cGMP). cGMP activates protein kinase G (PKG) which phosphorylates and inhibits GTPase RhoA and decreases Rho-kinase activity. Reduced Rho-kinase activity permits an increase in myosin phosphatase activity, decreasing the calcium sensitivity of the smooth muscle. PKG also activates the sarcolemma calcium pump to remove activating calcium. PKG acts on K+ channels to promote K+ efflux and the ensuing hyperpolarization inhibits voltage-gated calcium channels. Overall, this leads to relaxation of the smooth muscle and coronary vasodilation [1, 2].
Eculizumab (Anti-Human C5, Humanized Antibody) is a long-acting humanized monoclonal antibody targeted against complement C5. Eculizumab inhibits the cleavage of C5 into C5a and C5b and hence inhibits deployment of the terminal complement system including the formation of membrane attack complex (MAC). Eculizumab has the potential for haemolysis research[1].
Egaptivon pegol (ARC1779) is an aptamer, which blocks binding of the von Willebrand Factor (VWF) to platelet GPIb receptors. Egaptivon pegol has anti-thrombotic efficacy.
(±)-Befunolol is a β-adrenoceptor blocking agent.
Quinethazone is an orally active diuretic agent and is also a weak inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase. Quinethazone can be used for hypertension research[1][2].
α-Glucosidase-IN-4 is a reversible and mixed type α-glucosidase inhibitor with an IC50 of 12.98 μM, a KI of 27.02 μM, and a KIS of 13.65 μM, respectively[1].
TAS-301 is an inhibitor of smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation, and inhibits PKC activation induced by PDGF.
MK-8262 is an orally active and potent cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitor with an IC50 of 53 nM and a log D of 5.3. MK-8262, a bistrifluoromethyl analogue, has the potential for coronary heart disease (CHD) correlated high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) research[1].
Pregomisin is a natural compound isolated from the fruits of Schizandra chinensis Baill. Pregomisin showed PAF antagonistic activity and the IC50 values were 48 μM[1].
Ranolazine(RS-43285) is an antianginal agent with antiarrhythmic properties that achieves its effects via a novel mechanism of action (inhibition of the late phase of the inward sodium current), without affecting heart rate or blood pressure (BP). IC50 value:Target: sodium-dependent calcium channelRanolazine is currently approved for use in chronic angina. The basis for this use is likely related to inhibition of late sodium channels with resultant beneficial downstream effects. Randomized clinical trials have demonstrated an improvement in exercise capacity and reduction in angina episodes with ranolazine.
Fosinopril Sodium is the ester prodrug of an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used for the treatment of hypertension and some types of chronic heart failure.Target: ACEFosinopril is a phosphinic acid-containing ester prodrug that belongs to the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor class of medications. It is rapidly hydrolyzed to fosinoprilat, its principle active metabolite. Fosinoprilat inhibits ACE, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of angiotensin I (ATI) to angiotensin II (ATII). ATII regulates blood pressure and is a key component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Fosinopril may be used to treat mild to moderate hypertension, as an adjunct in the treatment of congestive heart failure, and to slow the rate of progression of renal disease in hypertensive individuals with diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria or overt nephropathy [1-3].
EC33 is a selective aminopeptidase A (APA) inhibitor. EC33 blocks the pressor response of exogenous Ang II. EC33 does not cross the blood-brain barrier. EC33 has the potential for salt-dependent model of hypertension research[1].
Ethacizine hydrochloride (Ethacizin; NIK-244) is a longer-lasting Class Ic antiarrhythmic agent than Flecainide[1]. Ethacizine hydrochloride (Ethacizin; NIK-244) inhibits the depolarizing current responsible for the intraatrial and His-Purkinje-ventricular conduction[2].
Hypaconine is a C19-diterpenoid alkaloid isolated from Aconitum and Delphinium spp. Hypaconine exhibits strong cardiac activity[1].
(±)-Liquiritigenin ((±)-4',7-Dihydroxyflavanone) is isolated from Angelica keiskei, a hardy perennial herb of the Umbelliferae family. (±)-Liquiritigenin promotes cell proliferation, has cytoprotective activity and reduces cytotoxicity, and also has antioxidant stress effects[1].