Fibulostatin 6.3 is an anti-angiogenic peptide. Fibulostatin 6.3 can be used for the research of anti-angiogenic[1].
Hydroxyfasudil is a ROCK inhibitor, with IC50s of 0.73 and 0.72 μM for ROCK1 and ROCK2, respectively.
Dabigatran etexilate(BIBR-1048) is the orally active prodrug of dabigatran; Dabigatran is a reversible and selective, direct thrombin inhibitor (DTI) with Ki value of 4.5 nM.IC50 Value: 4.5 nM (Ki); 10 nM(Thrombin-induced platelet aggregation) [1]in vitro: Dabigatran selectively and reversibly inhibited human thrombin(Ki: 4.5 nM) as well as thrombin-induced platelet aggregation (IC(50): 10 nM), while showing no inhibitory effect on other platelet-stimulating agents.Thrombin generation in platelet-poor plasma (PPP), measured as the endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) was inhibited concentration-dependently (IC(50): 0.56 microM). Dabigatran demonstrated concentration-dependent anticoagulant effects in various species in vitro, doubling the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT) and ecarin clotting time (ECT) in human PPP at concentrations of 0.23, 0.83 and 0.18 microM, respectively [1]. in vivo: Dabigatran prolonged the aPTT dose-dependently after intravenous administration in rats (0.3, 1 and 3 mg/kg) and rhesus monkeys (0.15, 0.3 and 0.6 mg/kg). Dose- and time-dependent anticoagulant effects were observed with dabigatran etexilate administered orally to conscious rats (10, 20 and 50 mg/kg) or rhesus monkeys (1, 2.5 or 5 mg/kg), with maximum effects observed between 30 and 120 min after administration, respectively [1]. Patients treated with dabigatran etexilate experienced fewer ischaemic strokes (3.74 dabigatran etexilate vs 3.97 warfarin) and fewer combined intracranial haemorrhages and haemorrhagic strokes (0.43 dabigatran etexilate vs 0.99 warfarin) per 100 patient-years [2].Clinical trial: An Evaluation of the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Oral Dabigatran Etexilate in Hemodialysis Patients . Phase1
RXFP1 receptor agonist-6 (Example 7) is a RXFP1 receptor agonist. RXFP1 receptor agonist-6 inhibits cAMP production in HEK293 cells stably expressing human RXFP1, with an EC50 value of 12 nM[1].
1-Linoleoyl glycerol (1-LG) is a fatty acid glycerol that has been isolated from S. chinensis roots.
Bunaftide (Bunaftine; Bunaphtide; Meregon) is an antiarrhythmic agent.
Gardneramine is an orally active alkaloid that acts like papaverine. Gardneramine has peripheral vascular diastolic effect, direct inhibition on myocardium and central inhibition. Gardneramine showed antihypertensive, vasodilatation and atrial inhibition effects in rabbit, dog and guinea pig models, respectively. Gardneramine also inhibits the movement of smooth muscle organs such as the stomach and intestines[1].
Urocortin III, mouse is a corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-related peptide. Urocortin III preferentially binds and activates CRF-R2[1].
Notoginsenoside Fc, a protopanaxadiol- (PPD-) type saponin isolated from the leaves of Panax notoginseng, effectively counteracts platelet aggregation. Notoginsenoside Fc can accelerate reendothelialization following vascular injury in diabetic rats by promoting autophagy[1].
CETP-IN-3 (Compound 13) is an small molecule inhibitor of the plasma glycoprotein cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP), elevating HDL-C through inhibition of CETP. CETP-IN-3 for the CETP inhibitory activity in the scintillation proximity (SPA) and whole plasma assay (WPA) with IC50s of 0.002 μM and 0.06 μM, respectively[1].
Quinaprilat is an orally active non-mercapto Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, the active metabolite of Quinapril. Quinaprilat specifically blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II and inhibits the degradation of bradykinin. Quinaprilat acts as anti-hypertensive agent and vasodilator[1][2].
PKR activator 2 is a potent pyruvate kinase-R (PKR) activator extracted from patent WO2019035863A1, compound 385[1].
Cimbuterol is a β-adrenergic receptor agonist[1].
VU0134992 is a selective inward rectifier potassium (Kir) channel Kir4.1 blocker with an IC50 of 0.97 µM[1].
Bisoprolol fumarate is a potent, selective and orally active β1-adrenergic receptor blocker with little activity on β2-receptor. Bisoprolol fumarate has the potential for hypertension, coronary artery disease and stable ventricular dysfunction research[1][2].
GPVI antagonist 2 (Compound 1) is a potential antagonist of Glycoprotein VI (GPVI). IC50 values of GPVI antagonist 2 are, respectively, 0.35 μM for collagen, 0.80 μM for CRP, 195.2 μM for convulxin and 81.38 μM for thrombin. Glycoprotein VI (GPVI) is a platelet major collagen receptor and a target for potent and safe antithrombotic research. GPVI antagonist 2 is a promising antiplatelet agent[1].
BTK-IN-5 is a covalent BTK inhibitor for treating medical conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, inflammation, and diabetes.
NCX899 is a NO-releasing derivative of enalapril, and shows inhibitory activity against angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity.
Catestatin is a 21-amino acid residue, cationic and hydrophobic peptide. Catestatin is an endogenous peptide that regulates cardiac function and blood pressure[1]. Catestatin is a non-competitive nicotinic antagonist acting through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) to inhibit catecholamine release[2].
Glycerol is a clear, colourless, viscous, sweet-tasting liquid. Glycerol is used in sample preparation and gel formation for polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
L-(-)-α-Methyldopa hydrate is an alpha-adrenergic agonist (selective for α2-adrenergic receptors) psychoactive drug used as a sympatholytic or antihypertensive.Target: alpha-adrenergic agonistMethyldopa is an alpha-adrenergic agonist (selective for α2-adrenergic receptors) psychoactive drug used as a sympatholytic or antihypertensive. Its use is now mostly deprecated following the introduction of alternative safer classes of agents. However, it continues to have a role in otherwise difficult to treat hypertension and gestational hypertension (also known as pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH)).Methyldopa has a dual mechanism of action. It is a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme DOPA decarboxylase, also known as aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase, which converts L-DOPA into dopamine. Dopamine is a precursor for norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and subsequently epinephrine (adrenaline). This inhibition results in reduced dopaminergic and adrenergic neurotransmission in the peripheral nervous system. This effect may lower blood pressure and cause central nervous system effects such as depression, anxiety, apathy, anhedonia, and parkinsonism. It is converted to α-methylnorepinephrine by dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH). α-methylnorepinephrine is an agonist of presynaptic central nervous system α2-adrenergic receptors. Activation of these receptors in the brainstem appears to inhibit sympathetic nervous system output and lower blood pressure. This is also the mechanism of action of clonidine.
PD-159020 is a non-selective ETA/ETB antagonist, with IC50s of 30 and 50 nM for hETA and hETB, respectively.
Tetrahydrozoline (Tetryzoline) nitrate , a derivative of imidazoline, is an α-adrenergic agonist that causes vasoconstriction. Tetrahydrozoline is widely used for the research of nasal congestion and conjunctival congestion[1][2].
Tirofiban-d9 (L700462-d9) hydrochloride is the deuterium labeled Tirofiban. Tirofiban(L700462) is a potent non-peptide, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (integrins alphaIIbbetaIII) antagonist[1][2].
Tecadenoson (CVT-510) is a selective A1 adenosine receptor agonist.
Hemorphin-7 is a hemorphin peptide, an endogenous opioid peptide derived from the β-chain of hemoglobin. Hemorphin peptides exhibits antinociceptive and antihypertensive activities, activating opioid receptors and inhibiting angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE).
Spirapril (SCH 33844) hydrochloride is a potent angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor with antihypertensive activity. Spirapril competitively binds to ACE and prevents the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Spirapril is an orally active prodrug of Spiraprilat and can be used for the research of hypertension, congestive heart failure[1].
ONO 1301 (ONO-AP 500-02), a prostaglandin (PG) I2 mimetic, is an orally active, long-acting prostacyclin agonist with thromboxane-synthase inhibitory activity. ONO 1301 promotes production of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) from various cell types and ameliorates ischemia-induced left ventricle dysfunction in the mouse, rat and pig[1][2][3].
Polidocanol is a sclerosing agent used successfully to treat extremity and esophageal varices and telangiectasias.
3-Amino-2-methylpropanoic acid could induce browning of white fat and hepatic β-oxidation and is inversely correlated with cardiometabolic risk factors.