Namoline, a γ-pyrone, is a selective and reversible Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) inhibitor with an IC50 of 51 μM in a HRP-coupled enzymatic assay. Namoline impairs LSD1 demethylase activity and blocks cell proliferation. Namoline has the potential for androgen-dependent prostate cancer research[1].
AFMK, antioxidant metabolite of Melatonin, attenuates X-ray-induced oxidative damage to DNA, proteins and lipids in mice. AFMK is a poorer scavenger. The pKa of AFMK at physiological pH is 8.7. Antioxidant capacity[1][2]. AFMK improves the anti-tumor effect of Gemcitabine in PANC-1 cells through the modulation of apoptotic pathway[3].
FC-11 is a PROTAC FAK degrader (DC90: 1 nM) . FC-11 contains CRBN ligand Pomalidomide (HY-10984), linker and FAK ligand PF562271 (HY-10459). FC-11 degrades FAK in various cells, with DC50s of 310 pM in TM3, 80 pM in PA1, 330 pM in MDA-MB-436, 370 pM in LNCaP, and 40 pM in Ramos cells[1].
Pan-RAF kinase inhibitor 1 is a potent inhibitor of Pan-RAF kinase. Pan-RAF kinase inhibitor 1 regulates MAPK signaling by inhibiting RAF kinase, thereby exerting an effect on the proliferation of RAS-mutant tumor cells. Pan-RAF kinase inhibitor 1 has the potential for the research of cancer diseases (extracted from patent WO2021110141A1, compound 16B)[1].
N2-Isobutyryl-2'-O-methylguanosine (N2-IBU-2'-OME-RG) is a purine nucleoside analog. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].
Ponsegromab (PF 06946860) is a potent and selective humanized anti-GDF15 antibody inhibitor with anti-cachexia activity. Ponsegromab binds to GDF15 and prevents the binding of GDF15 to GFRAL, thereby blocking GDF15/GFRAL-mediated signaling. Ponsegromab can be used in the research of cancers[1][2].
Aurora Kinases-IN-3 (Compound 15a) is an orally active AURKB inhibitor that elicits an AURKB-suppressive activity by disrupting the mitotic localization of AURKB, rather than inhibiting its phosphorylation of H3 at Ser10[1].
Kievitone, an isoflavanone, could be isolated from hypocotyls of Phaseolus vulgaris L. infected with Rhizoctonia solani Kühn. Kievitone has antifungal activity and antitumor activity[1][2].
RETRA is a mutant p53-dependent activator of p73 that suppresses mutant p53-bearing cancer cells. RETRA increases the expression level of p73, and a release of p73 from the blocking complex with mutant p53, which produces tumor-suppressor effects[1].
GNE-781 is a highly potent and selective CBP inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.94 nM in TR-FRET assay. GNE-781 also inhibits BRET and BRD4(1) with IC50s of 6.2 nM and 5100 nΜ, respectively.
AG957 (Tyrphostin AG957;NSC 654705) is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor with anti-BCR/ABL tyrosine kinase activity[1][2]. AG957 is a bcr/abl kinase inhibitor with an IC50 of 2.9 μM for p210bcr/abl autokinase activity[3].
KBU2046 is an oral, highly selective inhibitor of cell motility and cell invasion in vitro. KBU2046 binds chaperone heterocomplexes, selectively alters binding of client proteins that regulate motility, and lacks all of the hallmarks of classical HSP90 inhibitors. KBU2046 inhibits cancer metastasis and prolongs life[1].
Daturadiol (12-Oleanene-3,6-diol), a triterpenoid, displays moderate cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines[1].
Aloin (mixture of A&B) is anthraquinone derivative isolated from Aloe vera. Aloin (mixture of A&B) has diverse biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, immunity, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and antitumor activities. Aloin (mixture of A&B) also an effective inhibitor of stimulated granulocyte matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)[1][2].
GNE-272 is a potent and selective in vivo probe for the bromodomains of CBP/EP300 with IC50 values of 0.02, 0.03 and 13 μM for CBP, EP300 and BRD4, respectively.
Morin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside is a natural flavonoid with antifungal, anticancer and antioxidant activities. Morin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside inhibits reverse transcriptase, protein-tyrosine kinase and xanthine oxidase, and also shows anti-HIV, antiarteriosclerotic, and superoxide scavenging activities[1].
TM5441 is a plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1); inhibits several tumor cell lines with IC50 values between 9.7 and 60.3 μM.
Tolmetin sodium is an orally active and potent COX inhibitor with IC50s of 0.35 µM and 0.82 µM human COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Tolmetin sodium is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)[1][2].
Folinic Acid is a reduced folic acid, which is used in combination with other chemotherapy drugs.Target: Folate analogApproved: 2008Folinic acid (calcium salt pentahydrate) is the calcium salt form of folinic acid, which is one of the forms of folate found naturally in foods. Folate deficiency is believed to be the most common vitamin deficiency in the world due to food processing, food selection, and intestinal disorders. Folinic acid in the body can be converted into any of the other active forms of folate.Treatment with folinic acid calcium salt pentahydrate (CF) could cause improved development in the heart and vessels in MTX-treated embryos, which proved that MTX induced the malformations by inhibiting DHFR. The transcript levels of genes such as hand2, mef2a, mef2c, and flk-1 were reduced in MTX-treated embryos. Compared with the MTX-treated group, the transcript levels of hand2, mef2a, mef2c, and flk-1 were increased in the MTX + dhfr-gfp mRNA-injected group and in the MTX + CF group [1]. Folinic acid may also be useful in the treatment of acute methotrexate overdose. Different dosing protocols are used, but folinic acid should be re-dosed until the methotrexate level is less than 5 x 10-8 M [2].
Berberine has shown to be effective in inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis in various cancerous cells; MAPK and Wnt/β-catenin pathways affected by Berberine.IC50 value:Target: Anticancer agentThe plant-based alkaloid berberine has potential therapeutic applications for breast cancer, although a better understanding of the genes and cellular pathways regulated by this compound is needed to define the mechanism of its action in cancer treatment. In this review, the molecular targets of berberine in various cancers, particularly breast cancer, are discussed. Berberine was shown to be effective in inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis in various cancerous cells. Some signaling pathways affected by berberine, including the MAP (mitogen-activated protein) kinase and Wnt/β-catenin pathways, are critical for reducing cellular migration and sensitivity to various growth factors [1]. Treatment with BBR(Berberine) in rats on the atherogenic diet reduced plasma total cholesterol and nonHDL cholesterol levels by 29%-33% and 31%-41%, respectively, with no significant differences being observed among the three doses [2]. Berberine induced both apoptotic and autophagic death of HepG2 cells, which was associated with a significant activation of AMPK and an increased expression of the inactive form of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) [3]. Berberine did not show major effects on viability of HEK-293 embryonic kidney and HCT116 colon carcinoma cells and was not toxic in concentrations up to 20 μM. Berberine inhibited β-catenin transcriptional activity and attenuated anchorage-independent growth. As a result of berberine treatment, cellular levels of active β-catenin were reduced concomitant with an increase in the expression of E-cadherin [4].
Gersizangitide is an angiogenesis inhibitor[1].
CP681301 is a potent CDK5 inhibitor. CP681301 shows antiproliferative activity. CP681301 decreases the expression of CD133, OLIG2, SOX2, KI67, pCDK5 protein level in GSCs (Glioma stem cells). CP681301 reduces self-renewal in mouse glioma xenografts. CP681301 shows anti-tumor activity in Drosophila[1].
LMK-235 is a potent and selective HDAC4/5 inhibitor, inhibits HDAC5, HDAC4, HDAC6, HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC11 and HDAC8, with IC50s of 4.22 nM, 11.9 nM, 55.7 nM, 320 nM, 881 nM, 852 nM and 1278 nM, respectively, and is used in cancer research.
5’-Azido-5’-deoxyuridine is a purine nucleoside analog. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].
SCO-PEG8-COOH is a PROTAC linker and belongs to the PEG class. SCO-PEG8-COOH contains SCO and COOH that can be covalently combined with amino groups, respectively. SCO is often used to react with amino acid residues of proteins or peptides, particularly lysine.
Hoechst stains are part of a family of blue fluorescent dyes used to stain DNA.IC50 Value:Target: These Bis-benzimides were originally developed by Hoechst AG, which numbered all their compounds so that the dye Hoechst 33342 is the 33342nd compound made by the company. There are three related Hoechst stains: Hoechst 33258, Hoechst 33342, and Hoechst 34580. The dyes Hoechst 33258 and Hoechst 33342 are the ones most commonly used and they have similarexcitation/emission spectra. Both dyes are excited by ultraviolet light at around 350 nm, and both emit blue/cyan fluorescent light around anemission maximum at 461 nm. Unbound dye has its maximum fluorescence emission in the 510-540 nm range. Hoechst dyes are soluble in water and in organic solvents such as dimethyl formamide or dimethyl sulfoxide. Concentrations can be achieved of up to 10 mg/mL. Aqueous solutions are stable at 2-6 °C for at least six months when protected from light. For long-term storage the solutions are instead frozen at ≤-20 °C.The dyes bind to the minor groove of double-stranded DNA with a preference for sequences rich in adenine andthymine. Although the dyes can bind to all nucleic acids, AT-rich double-stranded DNA strands enhance fluorescence considerably.Hoechst dyes are cell-permeable and can bind to DNA in live or fixed cells. Therefore, these stains are often called supravital, which means that cells survive a treatment with these compounds. Cells that express specific ATP-binding cassette transporter proteins can also actively transport these stains out of their cytoplasm.in vitro: N/A in vivo: N/AClinical trial: N/A
PFKFB3-IN-2 is a 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) inhibitor. PFKFB3-IN-2 has potential applications in cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, multiple sclerosis, metabolic diseases, angiogenesis inhibition and other diseases[1].
1,6-Dihydro-4,7'-Epoxy-1-Methoxy-3',4'-Methylenedioxy-6-Oxo-3,8'-Lignan is a Neolignan from stem bark of Ocotea veraguensis[1].
N-(Azido-PEG3)-N-Fluorescein-PEG3-acid is a PEG-based PROTAC linker which contains azide, fluorescein and carboxylic acid moieties.
Sophoricoside is an isoflavone glycoside isolated from Sophora japonica and has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and immunosuppressive effects.