Proteasomes are very large protein complexes inside all eukaryotes and archaea, and in some bacteria. In eukaryotes, they are located in the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The main function of the proteasome is to degrade unneeded or damaged proteins by proteolysis, a chemical reaction that breaks peptide bonds. Enzymes that carry out such reactions are called proteases. Proteasomes are part of a major mechanism by which cells regulate the concentration of particular proteins and degrade misfolded proteins. The degradation process yields peptides of about seven to eight amino acids long, which can then be further degraded into amino acids and used in synthesizing new proteins. Proteins are tagged for degradation with a small protein called ubiquitin. The tagging reaction is catalyzed by enzymes called ubiquitin ligases. Once a protein is tagged with a single ubiquitin molecule, this is a signal to other ligases to attach additional ubiquitin molecules. The result is a polyubiquitin chain that is bound by the proteasome, allowing it to degrade the tagged protein.


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MG-115

MG-115 is a potent and reversible proteasome inhibitor, with Kis of 21 nM and 35 nM for 20S and 26S proteasome, respectively. MG-115 specifically inhibit the chymotrypsin-like activity of the proteasome, induces p53-dependent apoptosis[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 133407-86-0
  • MF: C25H39N3O5
  • MW: 461.59
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 678.8±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 364.3±31.5 °C

Aclarubicin

Aclacinomycin A (Aclarubicin) is an orally active and potent anthracycline antitumor antibiotic. Aclacinomycin A is an inhibitor of topoisomerase I and II. Aclacinomycin A inhibits synthesis of nucleic acid, especially RNA. Aclacinomycin A might inhibit the 26S protease complex as well as the ubiquitin-ATP-dependent proteolysis[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 57576-44-0
  • MF: C42H53NO15
  • MW: 811.86800
  • Catalog: DNA/RNA Synthesis
  • Density: 1.42 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 897.7ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 151-153ºC
  • Flash Point: 496.7ºC

Bortezomib (PS-341)

Bortezomib (PS-341) is a potent 20S proteasome inhibitor with a Ki of 0.6 nM.

  • CAS Number: 179324-69-7
  • MF: C19H25BN4O4
  • MW: 384.237
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 122-124°C
  • Flash Point: N/A

Suc-Gly-Gly-Phe-pNA

Suc-Gly-Gly-Phe-pNA is the chymotrypsin substrate with an Km value of 1.6 mM[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 68982-90-1
  • MF: C23H25N5O8
  • MW: 499.47300
  • Catalog: Proteasome
  • Density: 1.401g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 1005.6ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 562ºC

UK-101 is a potent and selective immunoproteasome β1i (LMP2) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 104 nM, displays 144- and 10-fold selectivity over β1c (IC50=15 μM) and β5 subunit (IC50=1 μM), respectivey[1]. UK-101 induces cell apoptosis and can be used for the study of prostate cancer[2].

  • CAS Number: 1000313-40-5
  • MF: C25H48N2O5Si
  • MW: 484.74500
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Ac-ANW-AMC

Ac-ANW-AMC is a fluorogenic substrate for immunoproteasome. Ac-ANW-AMC can be used to measure β5i activity (Ex=345 nm, Em=445 nm)[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 2357123-49-8
  • MF: C30H32N6O7
  • MW: 588.61
  • Catalog: Proteasome
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

MG-262

MG-262 is a reversible proteasome inhibitor with diverse biological activities[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 179324-22-2
  • MF: C25H42BN3O6
  • MW: 491.42800
  • Catalog: Proteasome
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Baceridin

Baceridin is a proteasome inhibitor and a cyclic hexapeptide. Baceridin can be isolated from the culture medium of Epiphytic Bacillus. Baceridin can inhibit cell cycle progression and induce tumor cell apoptosis through a p53-independent pathway. Baceridin can be used in cancer research[1].

  • CAS Number: 1622872-91-6
  • MF: C37H57N7O6
  • MW: 695.9
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Rpn11-IN-1

Rpn11-IN-1 is a potent and selective inhibitor of proteasome subunit Rpn11 with an IC50 of 390 nM.

  • CAS Number: 2084867-65-0
  • MF: C15H13N3OS2
  • MW: 315.41
  • Catalog: Proteasome
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Proteasome Substrate II

Z-Leu-Leu-Glu-AMC is a substrate peptide, and can be used for determination of postacidic-like hydrolysing activity of 20S proteasome[1]

  • CAS Number: 348086-66-8
  • MF: C35H44N4O9
  • MW: 664.745
  • Catalog: Proteasome
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 967.8±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 539.1±34.3 °C

BC-23

BC-23 (NSC 45382) is a proteasome inhibitor. BC-23 exhibits good inhibition of CT-L activity of the proteasome and is selective for malignant over normal cells[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 6298-15-3
  • MF: C21H14ClN3O4S
  • MW: 439.87
  • Catalog: Proteasome
  • Density: 1.56g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 615.9ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 326.3ºC

Z-Leu-Tyr-chloromethylketone

Z-Leu-Tyr-Chloromethylketone is a calpain inhibitor[1].

  • CAS Number: 56979-35-2
  • MF: C24H29ClN2O5
  • MW: 460.95000
  • Catalog: Cathepsin
  • Density: 1.231g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 693.5ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 373.2ºC

Z-LLF-CHO

Z-LLF-CHO (Z-Leu-Leu-Phe-CHO) is a potent inhibitor of the chymotrypsin-like activity of the pituitary multicatalytic proteinase complex (Ki = 460 nM). Z-LLF-CHO is also a NF-κB nuclear translocation inhibitor[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 133429-58-0
  • MF: C29H39N3O5
  • MW: 509.64
  • Catalog: Proteasome
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

PR-924

A potent, specific immunoproteasome LMP7 subunit inhibitor with IC50 of 25 nM, >100-fold selectivity over β5c, β1i, β1c, β2i and β2c subunits (IC50>3 uM); shows weak activity toward LMP2 and no detectable activity toward β1, β2, or MECL1.

  • CAS Number: 1416709-79-9
  • MF: C37H38N4O5
  • MW: 618.721
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 969.0±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 539.8±34.3 °C

2-Pyrrolidinecarboxamide, N-[(1S)-3-(cyclopropylamino)-2,3-dioxo-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl]-5-oxo-1-(phenylmethyl)-, (2R)-

(1S,2R)-Alicapistat ((1S,2R)-ABT-957) is an orally active selective inhibitor of human calpains 1 and 2 for the potential application of Alzheimer's disease (AD)[1]. (1S,2R)-Alicapistat mitigates the metabolic liability of carbonyl reduction and inhibits calpain 1 with an IC50 value of 395 nM[2].

  • CAS Number: 2221010-57-5
  • MF: C25H27N3O4
  • MW: 433.50
  • Catalog: Proteasome
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

AM 114

Proteasome inhibitor IX (PS-IX; AM114) is a Chalcone derivative and a chymotrypsin-like activity of the 20S proteasome inhibitor with an IC50 value of ~1 μM. Proteasome inhibitor IX exhibits HCT116 p53+/+ cells growth inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 1.49 μM. Proteasome inhibitor IX has potent anticancer activity[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 856849-35-9
  • MF: C20H21B2NO5
  • MW: 377.006
  • Catalog: Proteasome
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 695.4±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 374.3±34.3 °C

Lactacystin

Lactacystin, an antibiotic Streptomyces spp. metabolite, is a potent and selective proteasome inhibitor with an IC50 of 4.8 μM for 20S proteasome. Lactacystin also inhibits the lysosomal enzyme cathepsin A[1]. Lactacystin inhibits cell growth and induces neurite outgrowth[2].

  • CAS Number: 133343-34-7
  • MF: C15H24N2O7S
  • MW: 376.425
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 714.9±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 233-235ºC dec.
  • Flash Point: 386.1±32.9 °C

Isovaleryl-L-carnitine (chloride)

Isovalerylcarnitine chloride, a product of the catabolism of L-leucine, is a potent activator of the Ca2+-dependent proteinase (calpain) of human neutrophils[1].

  • CAS Number: 139144-12-0
  • MF: C12H24ClNO4
  • MW: 281.77600
  • Catalog: Proteasome
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Caffeic acid-pYEEIE TFA

PR-39, a natural proline- and arginine-rich antibacterial peptide, is a noncompetitive, reversible and allosteric proteasome inhibitor. PR-39 reversibly binds to the α7 subunit of the proteasome and blocks degradation of NF-κB inhibitor IκBα by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. PR-39 stimulates angiogenesis, inhibits inflammatory responses and significant reduces myocardial infarct size in mice[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 139637-11-9
  • MF: C229H345N70O40
  • MW: 4720.627
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

20S Proteasome-IN-2

20S Proteasome-IN-2 is a human 20S proteasome inhibitor. 20S Proteasome-IN-2 shows high selectivity to its β5 subunit with the IC50 of 0.18 μM. 20S Proteasome-IN-2 displays anti-proliferative effect in vitro and in vivo, and arrests cell cycle at G2/M[1].

  • CAS Number: 2028300-31-2
  • MF: C30H44N4O8S
  • MW: 620.76
  • Catalog: Proteasome
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Carfilzomib

Carfilzomib is an irreversible proteasome inhibitor with an IC50 of 5 nM in ANBL-6 and RPMI 8226 cells.

  • CAS Number: 868540-17-4
  • MF: C40H57N5O7
  • MW: 719.910
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 975.6±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 204-208°C
  • Flash Point: 543.8±34.3 °C

LU-002i

LU-002i is a subunit-selective human proteasome β2c and β2i inhibitor with an IC50 value of 220 nM for β2i[1].

  • CAS Number: 1838705-22-8
  • MF: C35H52N4O7
  • MW: 640.81
  • Catalog: Proteasome
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Alicapistat

Alicapistat (ABT-957) is an orally active selective inhibitor of human calpains 1 and 2 for the potential use in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

  • CAS Number: 1254698-46-8
  • MF: C25H27N3O4
  • MW: 433.50
  • Catalog: Proteasome
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

(1S,2S)-Bortezomib

(1S,2S)-Bortezomib is an enantiomer of Bortezomib. Bortezomib is a cell-permeable, reversible, and selective proteasome inhibitor, and potently inhibits 20S proteasome (Ki of 0.6 nM) by targeting a threonine residue. Bortezomib disrupts the cell cycle, induces apoptosis, and inhibits NF-κB. Bortezomib is an anti-cancer agent and the first therapeutic proteasome inhibitor to be used in humans[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 1132709-14-8
  • MF: C19H25BN4O4
  • MW: 384.237
  • Catalog: Proteasome
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Calpain Inhibitor III

cysteine protease inhibitor of calpain that rapidly penetrates the blood-brain barrier following systemic administration[1][2]. MDL-28170 also block γ-secretase[4].

  • CAS Number: 88191-84-8
  • MF: C22H26N2O4
  • MW: 382.45
  • Catalog: Proteasome
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 450.4±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 226.2±28.7 °C

A-933548

A-933548 is a potent Calpain inhibitor. A-933548 features enhanced selectivity versus related cysteine protease cathepsins, favorable microsomal stability, and efficacy in cellular assays.

  • CAS Number: 1037826-43-9
  • MF: C25H21N5O3
  • MW: 439.47
  • Catalog: Proteasome
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

KZR-616 maleate

KZR-616 maleate, a first-in-class immunoproteasome inhibitor, selectively targets the LMP7 (IC50: 39/57 nM=hLMP7/mLMP7) and LMP2 (IC50: 131/179 nM=hLMP7/mLMP7) subunits of the immunoproteasome. KZR-616 maleate has the potential for the research of multiple autoimmune diseases[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 2170983-62-5
  • MF: C34H46N4O12
  • MW: 702.75
  • Catalog: Proteasome
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

NYC-488

Calpain Inhibitor-1 (compound 36) is a potent and selective cysteine protease calpain 1 (Cal1) inhibitor (IC50=100 nM; Ki=2.89 μM)[1].

  • CAS Number: 1448429-06-8
  • MF: C19H17FN6O5S
  • MW: 460.44
  • Catalog: Proteasome
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

calpeptin

Calpeptin is a potent, cell penetrating calpain inhibitor, with an ID50 of 40 nM for Calpain I in human platelets[1]. Calpeptin is also an inhibitor of cathepsin K[2].

  • CAS Number: 117591-20-5
  • MF: C20H30N2O4
  • MW: 362.463
  • Catalog: Cathepsin
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 550.7±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 60-75 °C
  • Flash Point: 286.8±28.7 °C

Carfilzomib-d8

Carfilzomib-d8 is deuterium labeled Carfilzomib. Carfilzomib (PR-171) is an irreversible proteasome inhibitor with an IC50 of 5 nM in ANBL-6 and RPMI 8226 cells.

  • CAS Number: 1537187-53-3
  • MF: C40H49D8N5O7
  • MW: 727.96
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 975.6±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 543.8±34.3 °C