Metabolic pathways are enzyme-mediated biochemical reactions that lead to biosynthesis (anabolism) or breakdown (catabolism) of natural product small molecules within a cell or tissue. In each pathway, enzymes catalyze the conversion of substrates into structurally similar products. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation. Metabolism maintains the living state of the cells and the organism.

Proteases are used throughout an organism for various metabolic processes. Proteases control a great variety of physiological processes that are critical for life, including the immune response, cell cycle, cell death, wound healing, food digestion, and protein and organelle recycling. On the basis of the type of the key amino acid in the active site of the protease and the mechanism of peptide bond cleavage, proteases can be classified into six groups: cysteine, serine, threonine, glutamic acid, aspartate proteases, as well as matrix metalloproteases. Proteases can not only activate proteins such as cytokines, or inactivate them such as numerous repair proteins during apoptosis, but also expose cryptic sites, such as occurs with β-secretase during amyloid precursor protein processing, shed various transmembrane proteins such as occurs with metalloproteases and cysteine proteases, or convert receptor agonists into antagonists and vice versa such as chemokine conversions carried out by metalloproteases, dipeptidyl peptidase IV and some cathepsins. In addition to the catalytic domains, a great number of proteases contain numerous additional domains or modules that substantially increase the complexity of their functions.

Imbalances in metabolic activities have been found to be critical in a number of pathologies, such as cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases.

References:
[1] Turk B, et al. EMBO J. 2012 Apr 4;31(7):1630-43.
[2] Eatemadi A, et al. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017 Feb;86:221-231.


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15-PGDH 5 alpha Reductase 5-Lipoxygenase Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Acyltransferase Adenosine Deaminase Adenosine Kinase Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Aldose Reductase Aminopeptidase Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) ATGL ATP Citrate Lyase Carbonic Anhydrase Carboxypeptidase Cathepsin CETP COMT Cytochrome P450 Dipeptidyl Peptidase Dopamine β-hydroxylase E1/E2/E3 Enzyme Elastase Enolase FAAH FABP Factor Xa Farnesyl Transferase Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) FXR Glucokinase GSNOR Gutathione S-transferase HCV Protease Hexokinase HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase HIV Integrase HIV Protease HMG-CoA Reductase (HMGCR) HSP Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) Lactate Dehydrogenase LXR MAGL Mineralocorticoid Receptor Mitochondrial Metabolism MMP Nampt NEDD8-activating Enzyme Neprilysin PAI-1 PDHK PGC-1α Phosphatase Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Phospholipase Procollagen C Proteinase Proteasome Pyruvate Kinase RAR/RXR Renin ROR Ser/Thr Protease SGK Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) Thrombin Tryptophan Hydroxylase Tyrosinase Xanthine Oxidase
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Bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV)

Bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV) (BMOV) is a potent, reversible, competitive and orally active pan-PTP (protein tyrosine phosphatases) inhibitor. Bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV) inhibits HCPTPA, PTP1B, HPTPβ and SHP2 with IC50s of 126 nM, 109 nM, 26 nM and 201 nM, respectively. Bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV) is a potent insulin sensitizer[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 38213-69-3
  • MF: C12H10O7V
  • MW: 317.145
  • Catalog: Phosphatase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 284.7ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 127.3ºC

XL335

WAY-362450 is a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable FXR agonist with EC50 of 4 nM.

  • CAS Number: 629664-81-9
  • MF: C25H24F2N2O3
  • MW: 438.466
  • Catalog: FXR
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 617.3±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 327.1±31.5 °C

BMS-852927

BMS-852927 is an LXRβ-selective agonist.

  • CAS Number: 1256918-39-4
  • MF: C29H28Cl2F2N2O4S
  • MW: 609.51
  • Catalog: LXR
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Glucosamine-15N hydrochloride

Glucosamine-15N hydrochloride is the 15N labeled Glucosamine hydrochloride. Glucosamine hydrochloride (D-Glucosamine hydrochloride) is an amino sugar and a prominent precursor in the biochemical synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids, is used as a

  • CAS Number: 42927-60-6
  • MF: C6H14ClNO5
  • MW: 216.62500
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Teneligliptin D8

Teneligliptin D8 (MP-513 D8) a deuterium labeled Teneligliptin (MP-513). Teneligliptin is a potent, orally available, competitive, and long-lasting DPP-4 inhibitor[1].

  • CAS Number: 1391012-95-5
  • MF: C22H22D8N6OS
  • MW: 434.628
  • Catalog: Dipeptidyl Peptidase
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 663.4±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 355.0±31.5 °C

Renin inhibitor peptide,rat

Renin inhibitor peptide,rat is a biological active peptide. (A specific rat renin inhibitor.)

  • CAS Number: 115290-00-1
  • MF: C50H72N10O9
  • MW: 957.17
  • Catalog: Renin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

IDO-IN-12

IDO-IN-12 is an indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor extracted from patent WO 2017181849 A1.

  • CAS Number: 1888341-29-4
  • MF: C13H11BrFN5O3S
  • MW: 416.23
  • Catalog: Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO)
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Gka-22

GKA-22 is a human glucokinase allosteric activator in the absence of glucose.

  • CAS Number: 480463-02-3
  • MF: C22H22N2O5S
  • MW: 426.48
  • Catalog: Glucokinase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

ACC1/2-IN-1

ACC1/2-IN-1 (compound 4s) is a potent ACC1/2 inhibitor with IC50 values of 98.06 and 29.43 nM for ACC1 and ACC2, respectively. ACC1/2-IN-1 can be used for cancer research[1].

  • CAS Number: 2350219-22-4
  • MF: C34H32N4O4
  • MW: 560.64
  • Catalog: Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

AMG-579

AMG 579 is a potent, selective, and efficacious inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) with an IC50 of 0.1 nM.

  • CAS Number: 1227067-61-9
  • MF: C25H23N5O3
  • MW: 441.48
  • Catalog: Phosphodiesterase (PDE)
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Doxepin D3 Hydrochloride

Doxepin D3 Hydrochloride is a deuterium labeled Doxepin Hydrochloride. Doxepin hydrochloride is an orally active tricyclic antidepressant used as a sedative. Doxepin hydrochloride is a potent and selective histamine receptor H1 antagonist. Doxepin hydrochloride is also a potent CYP450 inhibitor and significantly inhibits CYP450 2C19 and 1A2[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 347840-07-7
  • MF: C19H19D3ClNO
  • MW: 318.856
  • Catalog: Histamine Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 64.0-65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 162-164ºC
  • Flash Point: 9℃

MK2-IN-5

MK2-IN-5 is a Mk2 pseudosubstrate (Ki= 8 μM). MK2-IN-5 targets the protein interaction domain in the MAPK pathway. MK2-IN-5 inhibits HSP25 and HSP27 phosphorylation[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 474713-20-7
  • MF: C61H113N21O16
  • MW: 1396.68
  • Catalog: HSP
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Icariside D2

Icariside D2, isolated from Annona glabra fruit, inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme. Icariside D2 shows significant cytotoxic activity on the HL-60 cell line with the IC50 value of 9.0 ± 1.0 μM. Icariside D2 induces apoptosis [1][2].

  • CAS Number: 38954-02-8
  • MF: C14H20O7
  • MW: 300.30400
  • Catalog: HIV
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Lodenafil carbonate

Lodenafil carbonate, a dimer that acts as a prodrug delivering Lodenafil in vivo, is an orally active phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED)[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 398507-55-6
  • MF: C47H62N12O11S2
  • MW: 1035.20000
  • Catalog: Phosphodiesterase (PDE)
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 1109.0±75.0 °C(Predicted)
  • Melting Point: 229-231 °C
  • Flash Point: N/A

IDO1-IN-16

IDO1-IN-16 (I-1) is an IDO1 inhibitor targeting holo-IDO1, with an IC50 of 127 nM[1].

  • CAS Number: 2677054-63-4
  • MF: C25H35BrFN5O2
  • MW: 536.48
  • Catalog: Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO)
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Apatorsen sodium

Apatorsen (sodium) is an antisense oligonucleotide designed to bind to Hsp27 mRNA, resulting in the inhibition of the production of Hsp27 protein.

  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

FA-Phe-Phe-OH

FA-Phe-Phe is a furylacryloyl (fa)-amino acid derivative, targeting to Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE). FA-Phe-Phe is also a specific substrate of Cathepsin A[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 83661-95-4
  • MF: C25H24N2O5
  • MW: 432.47
  • Catalog: Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE)
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

DPP-4 inhibitor 1

DPP-4 inhibitor 1 (compound 5) is a potent and long acting Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor for t treatment of T2DM, with a KD of 0.177 nM[1].

  • CAS Number: 1915007-89-4
  • MF: C21H15F3N2O2
  • MW: 384.35
  • Catalog: Dipeptidyl Peptidase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

SR-18292

SR-18292 is a PPAR gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) inhibitor, which increases PGC-1α acetylation, suppresses gluconeogenic gene expression and reduces glucose production in hepatocytes.

  • CAS Number: 2095432-55-4
  • MF: C23H30N2O2
  • MW: 366.5
  • Catalog: PGC-1α
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

DPP-4 inhibitor 3

DPP-4 inhibitor 3 (Compound 5a) is a potent dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.75 nM. DPP-4 inhibitor 3 shows excellent antioxidant and insulinotropic activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 2402735-14-0
  • MF: C19H22N6O2
  • MW: 366.42
  • Catalog: Dipeptidyl Peptidase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Fosinopril-d5 sodium

Fosinopril-d5 sodium (SQ28555-d5 sodium) is the deuterium labeled Fosinopril sodium. Fosinopril Sodium is the ester prodrug of an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used for the treatment of hypertension and some types of chronic heart failure[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1217513-43-3
  • MF: C30H41D5NNaO7P
  • MW: 590.68
  • Catalog: Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE)
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

MtTMPK-IN-4

MtTMPK-IN-4 (compound 2), a para-piperidine, is a potent mycobacterium tuberculosis thymidylate kinase (MtTMPK) inhibitor with an IC50 of 6.1 μM. MtTMPK-IN-4 is a potent tyrosinase inhibitor. MtTMPK-IN-4 is a potent antibacterial agent[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 2225889-49-4
  • MF: C23H25N3O3
  • MW: 391.46
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

1H-Purine-2,6-dione,7-[2-[[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]amino]ethyl]-3,7-dihydro-1,3-dimethyl-,hydrochloride (1:1)

Theodrenaline hydrochloride is a cardiac stimulant, also acts as an anti-hypotensive agent together with Cafedrine.

  • CAS Number: 2572-61-4
  • MF: C17H22ClN5O5
  • MW: 411.84
  • Catalog: Phosphodiesterase (PDE)
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 723.6ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 391.4ºC

8-Prenylluteone

8-Prenylluteone is a HIV-1 protease inhibitor, with an IC50 of 4 μM[1].

  • CAS Number: 125002-91-7
  • MF: C25H26O6
  • MW: 422.47
  • Catalog: HIV Protease
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 668.9±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 229.3±25.0 °C

BRD9500

BRD9500 is an orally active phosphodiesterases 3 (PDE3) inhibitor with IC50s of 10 and 27 nM for PDE3A and PDE3B, respectively. Antitumor activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 1630760-75-6
  • MF: C15H18FN3O2
  • MW: 291.32
  • Catalog: Phosphodiesterase (PDE)
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

JCP174

JCP174 is an inhibitor of palmitoyl protein thioesterase-1 (TgPPT1), a depalmitoylase in the parasite T. gondii[1]. JCP174 is also an inhibitor of porcine pancreatic elastase and human leukocyte elastase[2][3].

  • CAS Number: 126062-19-9
  • MF: C12H12ClNO3
  • MW: 253.682
  • Catalog: Elastase
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 463.4±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 234.1±28.7 °C

Aureusidin

Aureusidin is an aurone with high antioxidant and lipoxygenase inhibitory activity. Aureusidin also shows anti-inflammatory effects[1].

  • CAS Number: 38216-54-5
  • MF: C15H10O6
  • MW: 286.23600
  • Catalog: 5-Lipoxygenase
  • Density: 1.708g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 628.6ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 244.3ºC

2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,6,7-trihydroxychromen-4-one

6-Hydroxyluteolin (Compound 17) is a flavonoid compound. 6-Hydroxyluteolin has an inhibitory effect on aldose reductase (AR) [1].

  • CAS Number: 18003-33-3
  • MF: C15H10O7
  • MW: 302.23600
  • Catalog: Aldose Reductase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

mvt 101

Mvt-101 is a hexapeptide-based inhibitor of HIV-1 protease. Mvt-101 is also reduced-peptide-bond inhibitor. Mvt-101 inhibits reproduction of the HIV virus by blocking protease action[1].

  • CAS Number: 125552-93-4
  • MF: C35H67N11O8
  • MW: 769.97500
  • Catalog: HIV Protease
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Fosinopril

Fosinopril (SQ28555) is the ester prodrug of an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor with the IC50 value of 0.18 μM[1]. Fosinopril demonstrates a non-competitive inhibition effect on ACE activity with a Ki value of 1.675 μM[2].

  • CAS Number: 98048-97-6
  • MF: C30H46NO7P
  • MW: 563.66300
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.173 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 705.7ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 149-153ºC
  • Flash Point: 380.6ºC