BCTC is a potent and specific inhibitor of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8 (TRPM8) in prostate cancer (PCa) DU145 cells.Target: TRPM8in vitro: BCTC is a potent and specific antagonist of TRPM8, exerts an anti-tumor effect on the androgen-independent PCa DU145 cells, and the mechanism of how the inhibition functions. BCTC exerts an anti-proliferative effect on DU145 cells and induces tumor suppression through G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, and inhibition of migration and invasion. BCTC demonstrates excellent anti-tumor activity in PCa DU145 cells, and therefore has the potential to become a targeted therapeutic strategy against PCa. [1]in vivo: BCTC is a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable antagonist of rat VR1. BCTC not only blocks the activation of rat VR1 by capsaicin but also by low pH at the native rat VR1 in a skin-nerve preparation. Thus, BCTC has provided us with an opportunity to test our hypothesis that the inhibition of low pH induced activation of VR1 confers in vivo efficacy in models of chronic pain. This report describes the effects of BCTC in models of inflammatory, neuropathic, and capsaicin-induced pain in the rat. The efficacy and side effect profile of BCTC in these models were compared with those of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antiepileptic drugs currently used for the clinical therapy of inflammatory and neuropathic pain, respectively.[2]
PD173212 is a selective N-type voltage sensitive calcium channel (VSCC) blocker, with an IC50 of 36 nM in IMR-32 assays.
Acamprosate calcium(Campral EC) is a GABA receptor agonist and modulator of glutamatergic systems; reduces alcohol consumption in animal models of alcohol addiction.IC50 value:Target: GABA receptorAcamprosate, or N-acetyl homotaurine, is an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor modulator approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a pharmacological treatment for alcohol dependence.Acamprosate has low bioavailability, but also has an excellent tolerability and safety profile. In comparison with naltrexone and disulfiram, which are the other FDA-approved treatments for alcohol dependence, acamprosate is unique in that it is not metabolized by the liver and is also not impacted by alcohol use, so can be administered to patients with hepatitis or liver disease (a common comorbid condition among individuals with alcohol dependence) and to patients who continue drinking alcohol.
6,8-Diprenylnaringenin (Lonchocarpol A; Senegalensin), a hop prenylflavonoid, is a inhibitor of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2). 6,8-Diprenylnaringenin inhibits ABCG2-mediated efflux of Mitoxantrone, and 3H-Methotrexate transport (IC50=0.41 μM) in HEK293 cells. 6,8-Diprenylnaringenin exhibits some estrogenicity, but its potency is less than 1% of that of 8-Prenylnaringenin[1][2].
CV-159 is a unique dihydropyridine Ca2+ antagonist with an anti-calmodulin (CaM) action, and has antiinflammatory activities.
Nav1.1 activator 1 (compound 4), a highly potent Nav1.1 activator with BBB penetration, increases decay time constant (tau) of Nav1.1 currents at 0.03 μM along with significant selectivity against Nav1.2, Nav1.5, and Nav1.6[1].
Luseogliflozin (TS 071) is a potent, selective, orally active sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 2.26 nM, about 1765-fold selectivity over SGLT1 (IC50, 3990 nM). Luseogliflozin has the protential for treating type 2 diabetes.
GSK369796 Dihydrochloride is an affordable and effective antimalarial and inhibits hERG potassium ion channel repolarization with an IC50 of 7.5 μM.
Venturicidin B (Aabomycin A2) is a macrolide antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces sp., used as an antifungal agent, a potent inhibitor of the mitochondrial F0-ATP synthase complex[1].
NCS-382 (sodium) is a potent GABA receptor antagonist. NCS-382 (sodium) has anti-sedative and anti-hypnotic activities and can be used in research related to neurological diseases[1].
Y-26763 is a K+ channel opener and active metabolite of Y-27152[1]. Y-26763 is an ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channel activator[2].
Dalzanemdor (SAGE-718) is a N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor positive allosteric modulator[1].
Mtb ATP synthase-IN-1 (compound 6ab) is a potent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) ATP synthase inhibitor, with MIC of 0.452-0.499 μg/mL against Mtb. Mtb ATP synthase-IN-1 has good metabolic stability, low cytotoxicity (Vero IC50 > 64 μg/mL), and acceptable oral bioavailability. Mtb ATP synthase-IN-1 can be used for researching anti-mycobacterium[1].
Loreclezole hydrochloride, an antiepileptic compound, is a selective GABAA receptor modulator and acts as a positive allosteric modulator of β2 or β3-subunit containing receptors[1][2].
Bongkrekic acid is a mitochondrial toxin secreted by the bacteria Pseudomonas cocovenenans[1]. Bongkrekic acid specific ligand for mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) rather than the electron transport chain. Bongkrekic acid has to cross the mitochondrial inner membrane to produce its inhibitory effect on ADP/ATP transport[2].
E2730 is a noncompetitive but selective inhibitor of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporter 1 (GAT1) with orally available and antiepileptic activity. E2730-mediated GAT1 inhibition is positively correlated with environmental GABA levels and selectively inhibits GAT1-mediated GABA uptake. E2730 (5-50 mg/kg; po) in rat amygdala ignition model, and in mouse cornea ignition (5-50 mg/kg), drug resistance 6Hz-44mA has demonstrated in vivo efficacy in models of psychomotor epilepsy (5-50 mg/kg), fragile X syndrome (2.5-300 mg/kg), and Dravet syndrome (10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg)[1].
Midafotel (SDZ-EAA 494) is a potent and comprtitive NMDA antagonist with an ED50 value of 39 nM. Midafotel causes intense stereotyped behaviors. Midafotel shows neuroprotective effects[1][2][3].
CFTR corrector 8 is a potent CFTR modulator. CFTR can be used in the research of cystic fibrosis[1].
Vigabatrin Hcl(γ-Vinyl-GABA; Sabril) is a structural analog of the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) that irreversibly inhibits the catabolism of GABA by GABA transaminase.IC50 value:Target: GABA transaminaseClinical studies have shown that vigabatrin is superior to placebo in decreasing the frequency of infantile spasms. In tuberous sclerosis, vigabatrin may be considered the first-line treatment for IS. The mode of action is increasing concentrations of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA in the brain.A significant increase in seizure threshold was observed following systemic (i.p.) administration of high (600 or 1200 mg/kg) doses of vigabatrin. Bilateral microinjection of vigabatrin (10 μg) into either the anterior or posterior SNr also increased seizure threshold, but less markedly than systemic treatment.
Noxiustoxin is a toxin from the venom of the Mexican scorpion Centruroides noxius which block voltage-dependent potassium channel (Kv1.3, IC50 = 360 nM), and calcium-activated potassium channel. Noxiustoxin plays an important role in neuroinflammatory disease[1][2].
TACA (trans-4-Aminocrotonic acid) is a potent agonist of GABAA and GABAC receptors (KD= 0.6 μM). TACA also is GABA uptake inhibitor and substrate for GABA-T. TACA produces late biphasic responses in the MPG neurons[1][2][3].
GNE 0723 is a brain permeable positive allosteric modulator of NMDAR, with an EC50 of 21 nM for GluN2A, 7.4 and 6.2 μM for GluN2C and GluN2D, respectively.
α-Conotoxin BuIA is a paralytic peptide neurotoxin and a competitive nAChR antagonist, with IC50s of 0.258 nM (α6/α3β2), 1.54 nM (α6/α3β4), 5.72 nM (α3β2), respectively. α-Conotoxin BuIA can be used to distinguish nAChRs containing β2- and β4-subunit, respectively. α-Conotoxin BuIA distinguishes among αxβ2 nAChRs with a rank order potency of α6>α3>α2>α4[1].
1-Monopalmitin, a bitter melon extract, inhibits the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity in intestinal Caco-2 cells[1].
AMP-PNP tetralithium (Adenylyl-imidodiphosphate tetralithium) is a non-hydrolysable analogue of ATP and inhibits KATP channels[1][2].
Lotilaner is a parasiticide, acts as a potent non-competitive antagonist of insects GABACl receptors, with an IC50 of 23.84 nM for Drosophila melanogaster GABA receptor. No effect on a dog GABAA receptor[1].
Agelenin is a polypeptide composed of 35 amino acids. Agelenin could be isolated from the Agelenidae spider Agelena opulenta. Agelenin has structural similarity to insect-specific calcium channel inhibitor[1].
Dendrotoxin-I is a potent K+ channels blocker and targets voltage-gated potassium channel subunits KV1.1 and KV1.2. Dendrotoxin-I is a neurotoxin isolated from thevenom of Dendroaspis snakes[1][2][3].
Talniflumate (BA 7602-06) is the prodrug of Niflumic acid (HY-B0493), exerting its activity in the body through conversion to niflumic acid by esterase[1]. Talniflumate is an orally active ca2+-activated Cl- channel (CaCC) blocker. Talniflumate can be used as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent in cystic fibrosis mouse model of distal intestinal obstructive syndrome[2].
Neu2000 is an uncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist.