HPK1-IN-24 (example 51) is a hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK1) inhibitor with a Ki of 100 nM. HPK1-IN-24 has the potential for cancer research[1].
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) can activate the downstream p38/NF-κB pathway. Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 can regulate cellular processes in various sepsis-associated diseases. MAPK-catalyzed phosphorylation of substrate proteins functions as a switch to turn on or off the activity of the substrate protein[1].
Dihydrocaffeic acid is a phenolic acid found in Gynura bicolor, reduces phosphorylation of MAPK p38 and prevent UVB-induced skin damage. Antioxidant potential and anti-inflammatory activity[1].
SL327 inhibits MEK1 and MEK2, with IC50 values of 180 nM and 220 nM, respectively.
VX-11e is a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable inhibitor of ERK with Ki < 2 nM.
TNIK&MAP4K4-IN-1 (compound A-39) is a dual inhibitor of TNIK and MAP4K4/HGK with IC50s of 1.29 nM and <10 nM，respectively，in human hepaticstellate cell LX-2. TNIK&MAP4K4-IN-1 can be used for cancer and fibrosis inhibition[1].
DB07268 is a potent and selective JNK1 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 9 nM.
MEK-IN-5 is a potent MEK inhibitor and NO donor. MEK-IN-5 significantly reduces the levels of pMEK and pERK in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. MEK-IN-5 induces apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells[1].
TL4-12 is a selective MAP4K2/GCK inhibitor, dose-dependently downregulates IKZF1 and BCL-6 and leads to MM cell proliferation inhibition (IC50=37 nM) accompanied by induction of apoptosis. TL4-12 can be used to overcome immunomodulatory drug resistance in multiple myeloma (MM)[1].
p38 Kinase inhibitor 5 (AA6) is a potent p38 kinase inhibitor with an IC50 of 403.57 nM. p38 Kinase inhibitor 5 has anti-inflammatory activity[1].
Prolylserine, a dipeptide, is an inhibitor of melanogenesis production in Mel-Ab cells. Prolylserine decreases expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and tyrosinase, induces phorphosylation of ERK, but not cAMP response element binding protein (CREB)[1].
B-Raf IN 16 (Compound I) is a BRAF inhibitors that belongs a cyclic iminopyrimidine derivative. B-Raf IN 16 can be used for cancer research[1].
GW284543 (UNC10225170) is a selective MEK5 inhibitor[1].
4-Hydroxylonchocarpin is a chalcone compound from an extract of Psoralea corylifolia. 4-Hydroxylonchocarpin increases phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, JNK and ERK. 4-Hydroxylonchocarpin has diverse pharmacological activities, including antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antireverse transcriptase, antitubercular, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities[1].
Novel antitumor agent, inducing PKR-mediated apoptosis and synergizing with IFN
DSO-5a is a potent, selective, orally active BB3 agonist. DSO-5a is a representative DMAKO-00 derivative compound. DSO-5a upregulates ppar-γ activity through BB3 and activates ERK1/2 phosphorylation. DSO-5a can be used in diabetes-related research[1].
Tinlorafenib (PF-07284890) (compound 10) is an orally active BRAF kinase inhibitor, with IC50s of 4.25 and 2.7 nM for BRAFV600E/V600K respectively. Tinlorafenib demonstrates CNS penetration and can be used in the research of BRAF-associated malignant and benign tumors of the CNS as well as extracranial malignancies[1].
HPK1-IN-25 (example 94) is a hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK1) inhibitor with a enzymatic activity IC50 of 129 nM. HPK1-IN-25 has the potential for cancer research[1].
Polyphyllin I is a bioactive constituent extracted from Paris polyphylla, has strong anti-tumor activity. Polyphyllin I is an activator of the JNK signaling pathway and is an inhibitor of PDK1/Akt/mTOR signaling. Polyphyllin I induces autophagy, G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis[1][2][3].
BSJ-04-122 is a potent, selective, covalent dual MKK4/7 inhibitor with IC50 of 4/181 nM, displays excellent kinome selectivity;BSJ-04-122 covalently targets a conserved cysteine (Cys247 for MKK4, and Cys261 for MKK7) located before the DFG motif.SJ-04-122 exhibits potent cellular target engagement and induces robust target-specific downstream effects.In breast cancer cell lines, BSJ-04-122 potently inhibited JNK phosphorylation, BSJ-04-122 significantly decreased levels of T183/Y185 pJNK at 5 uM, resulting in complete inhibition at 10 uM in MDA-MB-231 cells.The combination of the dual MKK4/7 inhibitor BSJ-04-122 with a selective, covalent JNK inhibitor (JNK-IN-8) demonstrated an enhanced antiproliferative activity against triple-negative breast cancer cells.
Enniatin B is a Fusarium mycotoxin. Enniatin B inhibits acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) activity with an IC50 of 113 μM in an enzyme assay using rat liver microsomes[1]. Enniatins B decreases the activation of ERK (p44/p42)[2].
8-Hydroxyefavirenz (8-OH-EFV) is a primary metabolite of Efavirenz (HY-10572). 8-Hydroxyefavirenz induces apoptosis via a JNK- and BimEL-dependent mechanism in primary human hepatocytes. 8-Hydroxyefavirenz can be used in research of cancer[1].
Tauroursodeoxycholate dihydrate (TUDCA dihydrate; UR 906 dihydrate; Taurolite dihydrate) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor. Tauroursodeoxycholate significantly reduces expression of apoptosis molecules, such as caspase-3 and caspase-12. Tauroursodeoxycholate also inhibits ERK[1][2].
Raf inhibitor 2 is a potent raf kinase (IC50<1.0 μM) inhibitor, compound 32, extracted from patent EP1003721B1. Raf inhibitor 2 can be used for cancer research[1].
VX-702 is a highly selective inhibitor of p38α MAPK(IC50=4 -20 nM), 14-fold higher potency against the p38α versus p38β.IC50 value: 4-20 nM [1]Target: p38α MAPKin vitro: Pre-incubation of platelets with VX-702 (1 μM) completely or partially inhibits p38 activation (IC50 4 to 20 nM) induced by platelet agonists including thrombin, SFLLRN, AYPGKF, U46619 and collagen. VX-702 shows no effect on platelet aggregation induced by any of the p38 MAPK agonists in the presence or absence of anti-platelet therapies [1]. VX-702 inhibits the production of IL-6, IL-1β and TNFα (IC50 = 59, 122 and 99 ng/mL, respectively) in a dose-dependent manner [2]. in vivo: The half-life of VX-702 is 16 to 20 hours, with a median clearance of 3.75 L/h and a volume of distribution of 73 L/kg. Both AUC and Cmax values are dose proportional for VX-702, which is predominantly cleared renally [2]. VX-702 (at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg twice daily) has an equivalent effect as that of methotrexate (0.1 mg/kg). In addition, VX-702 (5 mg/kg twice daily) also has an equivalent effect as prednisolone (10 mg/kg once daily), as measured by percentage inhibition of wrist joint erosion and inflammation score [3].
Dehydromiltirone (1,2-Didehydromiltirone) is a diterpenoid quinone with an anti-inflammatory effect. Dehydromiltirone prevents liver injury by modifying the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, reducing neuroinflammatory responses, and inhibiting platelet aggregation. Dehydromiltirone can be used for osteoporosis research[1][2].
Asperulosidic Acid (ASPA), a bioactive iridoid glycoside, is extracted from the herbs of Hedyotis diffusa Willd. Asperulosidic Acid (ASPA) has anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities[1].ASPA is related to the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) and mediators via suppression of the NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways[2].
I-287 is a potent, selective, orally active inhibitor of PAR2, negative PAR2 allosteric modulator, inhibits PAR2-mediated activation of Gq and G12/13 but not Gi/o proteins (IC50=45-390 nM);I-287 is a negative allosteric modulator (NAM) and not an orthosteric competitive antagonist of hPAR2.I-287 inhibits PAR2-mediated activation of DAG/Ca2+/PKC and RhoA/SRF-RE, as well as FAK and ERK1/2 signaling pathways, shows no effect on PAR2-mediated recruitment of βarrestin2 and receptor internalization.I-287 inhibits PAR2-induced secretion of IL-8 cytokine in vitro and reduces Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced paw edema model in mice.
Glycinexylidide (GX) is the active metabolite of Lidocaine. Lidocaine is a local anesthetic that inhibits sodium channels involving complex voltage and dependence. Lidocaine also reduces the growth, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells. Glycinexylidide has research potential for use in anesthesia, cancer, and cardiovascular disease[1].
Emprumapimod is a potent, orally bioavailable and selective inhibitor of p38α MAPK directly inhibits LPS-induced IL-6 production from RPMI-8226 cell (IC50=100 pM). Emprumapimod can be used for the research of dilated cardiomyopathy and acute inflammatory pain[1][2].