Randaiol is an antioxidant that can be isolated from the stem bark of Magnolia officinalis. Randaiol inhibits LPS-induced NO production and has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities[1].
2-Iminobiotin hydrobromide (Guanidinobiotin hydrobromide) is a biotin (vitamin H or B7) analog. 2-Iminobiotin hydrobromide is a reversible nitric oxide synthases inhibitor with Kis of 21.8 and 37.5 μM for murine iNOS and rat n-cNOS, respectively[1]. 2-Iminobiotin hydrobromide superimposes on hypothermia protects human neuronal cells from hypoxia-induced cell damage[2].
N-cis-Feruloyl tyramine (cis-N-(4-Hydroxyphenethyl) ferulamide) is a natural phenolic compound, exhibits modest inhibitory activity on LPS-activated NO production in RAW 264.7 cells[1].
Chondroitin sulfate, one of five classes of glycosaminoglycans, has been widely used in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Chondroitin sulfate reduces inflammation mediators and the apoptotic process and is able to reduce protein production of inflammatory cytokines, iNOS and MMPs.
α-Humulene is a main constituent of Tanacetum vulgare L. (Asteraceae) essential oil with anti-inflammation (IC50=15±2 µg/mL). α-Humulene inhibits COX-2 and iNOS expression[1].
Carboxyebselen (HOOC-Ebs) is a potent and selective inhibitor of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)[1].
Anemarsaponin B is a steroidal saponin isolated from the rhizomes of A. asphodeloides (Liliaceae). Anemarsaponin B decreases the protein and mRNA levels of iNOS and COX-2. Anemarsaponin B reduces the expressions and productions of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-a and IL-6. Anemarsaponin B inhibits the nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of NF-κB by blocking the phosphorylation of IκBα. Anemarsaponin B also inhibits the phosphorylation of MAP kinase kinases 3/6 (MKK3/6) and mixed lineage kinase 3 (MLK3). Anti-inflammatory effect [1].
PRE-084 is a highly selective σ1 receptor (S1R) agonist, with an IC50 of 44 nM. PRE-084 exhibits good neuroprotective effects, can improve motor function and motor neuron survival in mice. PRE-084 also can ameliorate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by activating the Akt-eNOS pathway[1][2][3][4].
Madecassic acid is isolated from Centella asiatica (Umbelliferae). Madecassic acid has anti-inflammatory properties caused by iNOS, COX-2, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 inhibition via the downregulation of NF-κB activation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells[1].
Piceatannol 3'-O-glucoside, an active component of Rhubarb, activates endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase through inhibition of arginase activity with IC50s of 11.22 µM and 11.06 µM against arginase I and arginase II, respectively.
(Rac)-Anemonin ((Rac)-Pulsatilla camphor) is the diastereoisomer of Anemonin (HY-N0278). Anemonin (Pulsatilla camphor), a selective iNOS inhibitor, is also a PKC-θ inhibitor. Anemonin can significantly inhibit the translation or protein stability of PKC-θ protein. Anemonin also ameliorates dextran sodium sulfate-induced acute ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice. Anemonin can be used in the research of inflammation-related diseases[1][2].
L-Canavanine sulfate is a selective inhibitor of inducible NO synthase.
Myricananin A is a colorless needle that has inhibitory effect on iNOS[1].
MEG (Mercaptoethylguanidine) hemisulfate is a potent and selective inhibitor of the inducible NO synthase (iNOS), with EC50s of 11.5, 110, and 60 μM for iNOS, ecNOS, and bNOS respectively in tissue homogenates. MEG hemisulfate is also a potent scavenger of peroxynitrite and inhibits peroxynitrite-induced oxidative processes. MEG hemisulfate has a protective effect in many experimental models of inflammation, including ischemia/reperfusion injury, periodontitis, hemorrhagic shock, inflammatory bowel disease, and endotoxic and septic shock[1][2][3][4].
Syzalterin is an inhibitor of NO production with an IC50 of 1.87 μg/mL.
Apterin is a natural compound with anti-inflammatory activity. Apterin shows significantly inhibitory activity on NO production in RAW264.7 cells with an IC50 value of 41.8 μM[1].
MR2938 is a potent AChE inhibitor, with an IC50 of 5.04 μM. MR2938 also suppresses NO production obviously (IC50 = 3.29 μM). MR2938 suppresses the neuroinflammation through blocking MAPK/JNK and NF-κB signaling pathways. MR2938 can be used for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) research[1].
hnNOS-IN-2 (compound 17) is a human neuronal nitric oxide synthase (hnNOS) inhibitor with good metabolic stability. hnNOS-IN-2 can be used for research in neurodegenerative diseases[1].
6-Biopterin (L-Biopterin), a pterin derivative, is a NO synthase cofactor.
L-Arginine-13C6,15N4,d7 ((S)-(+)-Arginine-13C6,15N4,d7) hydrochloride is the deuterium, 13C-, and 15-labeled L-Arginine hydrochloride. L-Arginine hydrochloride ((S)-(+)-Arginine hydrochloride) is the nitrogen donor for synthesis of nitric oxide, a potent vasodilator that is deficient during times of sickle cell crisis.
Schiarisanrin A (Kadsulignan J) is a lignan with inhibitory activity on NO production. Schiarisanrin A inhibits NO production in BV-2 cells with an IC50 of 9.6 μM[1].
Palmitoylglycine, a novel endogenous lipid, acts as a modulator of calcium influx and nitric oxide production in sensory neurons. Palmitoylglycine induces transient influx of calcium followed by nitric oxide production via calcium-sensitive nitric-oxide synthase enzymes. Palmitoylglycine potently inhibits heat-evoked firing of nociceptive neurons in rat dorsal horn[1].
S-MTC is a selective type I nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor.
FeTPPS, a 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin iron III chloride peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst, possessed evident neuroprotective effects in a experimental model of spinal cord damage[1]. FeTPPS acts as a peroxynitrite scavenger and anti-nitrating agent in vivo. FeTPPS reduces nitric oxide (NO) production and apoptosis process[2].
Bendazol is a hypotensive drug which can also enhance NO synthase activity in renal glomeruli and collecting tubules.
Physalin L inhibits LPS-induced NO production in macrophages with the average inhibitory rate of 70.97%. Anti-inflammatory activity[1].
2-Iminobiotin (Guanidinobiotin) is a biotin (vitamin H or B7) analog. 2-Iminobiotin is a reversible nitric oxide synthases inhibitor with Kis of 21.8 and 37.5μM for murine iNOS and rat n-cNOS, respectively[1]. 2-Iminobiotin superimposes on hypothermia protects human neuronal cells from hypoxia-induced cell damage[2].
3-Amino-1,2,4-triazine is an inhibitor of NO synthase, and also inhibits nitrite secretion[1].
Oxyphyllenone A is an inhibitor of NO Synthase. Oxyphyllenone A inhibits the NO production in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages with an IC50 of 28 μM[1].
Vinyl-L-NIO hydrochloride is a potent nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor. Vinyl-L-NIO hydrochloride inhibits the activity of NOS, reducing the production of nitric oxide[1].