Epigeneics include any process that alters gene activity without changing the DNA sequence, and leads to modifications that can be transmitted to daughter cells. Many types of epigenetic processes have been identified—they include DNA methylation, alteration in the structure of histone proteins and gene regulation by small noncoding microRNAs.

Many different DNA and histone modifications have been identified to determine the epigenetic landscape. DNA methylation is mainly mediated by DNA-methyl transferase (DNMT), there are two known types of DNMT, namely DNMT1, which preserves preexisting pattern of methylation after cell replication, and DNMT3A/B, so-called “de novo” DNMT, which methylate previously unmethylated DNA. Histone modifications mainly include acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. The acetylation of histones can be mediated by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetyltransferases (HDACs), while Histhone demethylation is performed by two classes of histone demethylases: lysine-specific demethylase (LSD) family proteins (LSD1 and LSD2) and JmjC domaincontaining histone demethylase (JHDM). Furthermore, enzymes involved in epigenetic modifications can also be governed by miRNAs. For example, miR-34a can directly inhibit the activities of SIRT1 to regulate cholesterol homeostasis.

The accumulated evidence indicates that many genes, diseases, and environmental substances are part of the epigenetics picture. At the FDA, scientists are investigating many drugs that function through epigenetic mechanisms. Drugs that inhibit DNA methylation or histone deacetylation have been studied for the reactivation of tumor suppressor genes and repression of cancer cell growth. Epigenetic inhibitors can also work alone or in combination with other therapeutic agents.

References:
[1] Bob Weinhold. Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Mar; 114(3): A160–A167.
[2] Xu W, et al. Genet Epigenet. 2016 Sep 25;8:43-51.
[3] Biswas S, et al. Pharmacol Ther. 2017. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.02.011.
[4] Perri F, et al. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2017 Mar;111:166-172.


Anti-infection >
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15-PGDH 5 alpha Reductase 5-Lipoxygenase Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Acyltransferase Adenosine Deaminase Adenosine Kinase Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Aldose Reductase Aminopeptidase Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) ATGL ATP Citrate Lyase Carbonic Anhydrase Carboxypeptidase Cathepsin CETP COMT Cytochrome P450 Dipeptidyl Peptidase Dopamine β-hydroxylase E1/E2/E3 Enzyme Elastase Enolase FAAH FABP Factor Xa Farnesyl Transferase Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) FXR Glucokinase GSNOR Gutathione S-transferase HCV Protease Hexokinase HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase HIV Integrase HIV Protease HMG-CoA Reductase (HMGCR) HSP Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) Lactate Dehydrogenase LXR MAGL Mineralocorticoid Receptor Mitochondrial Metabolism MMP Nampt NEDD8-activating Enzyme Neprilysin PAI-1 PDHK PGC-1α Phosphatase Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Phospholipase Procollagen C Proteinase Proteasome Pyruvate Kinase RAR/RXR Renin ROR Ser/Thr Protease SGK Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) Thrombin Tryptophan Hydroxylase Tyrosinase Xanthine Oxidase
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SIRT5 inhibitor 3

SIRT5 inhibitor 3 (compound 46) is a potent and competitive SIRT5 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 5.9 μM. SIRT5 inhibitor 3 can inhibit SIRT5 desuccinylation. SIRT5 inhibitor 3 can be used for researching cancer and neurodegenerative diseases[1].

  • CAS Number: 2128651-12-5
  • MF: C22H12FN3O4
  • MW: 401.35
  • Catalog: Sirtuin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

1,5-Isoquinolinediol

1,5-Isoquinolinediol is a potent PARP inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.18-0.37 µM. 1,5-Isoquinolinediol attenuates diabetes-induced NADPH oxidase-derived oxidative stress in retina[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 5154-02-9
  • MF: C9H7NO2
  • MW: 161.157
  • Catalog: PARP
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 501.1±30.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 270-275 °C
  • Flash Point: 256.8±24.6 °C

Niraparib tosylate hydrate

Niraparib (MK-4827) tosylate hydrate is a highly potent and orally bioavailable PARP1 and PARP2 inhibitor with IC50s of 3.8 and 2.1 nM, respectively. Niraparib tosylate hydrate leads to inhibition of repair of DNA damage, activates apoptosis and shows anti-tumor activity[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 1613220-15-7
  • MF: C26H30N4O5S
  • MW: 510.605
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Cl-amidine TFA

Cl-amidine TFA is an orally active peptidylarginine deminase (PAD) inhibitor, with IC50 values of 0.8 μM, 6.2 μM and 5.9 μM for PAD1, PAD3, and PAD4, respectively. Cl-amidine TFA induces apoptosis in cancer cells. Cl-amidine TFA induces microRNA (miR)-16 expression and causes cell cycle arrest. Cl-Amidine TFA prevents histone 3 citrullination and neutrophil extracellular trap formation, and improves survival in a murine sepsis model[1][2][3][4][5].

  • CAS Number: 1043444-18-3
  • MF: C16H20ClF3N4O4
  • MW: 424.803
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

2-(4-Nitrophenyl)Quinazolin-4(1H)-One

TNKS-2-IN-1 (Compound 13g) is a TNKS-2 inhibitor. TNKS-2-IN-1 inhibits TNKS-1 and TNKS-2 with IC50s of 259 nM and 1100 nM[1].

  • CAS Number: 4765-59-7
  • MF: C14H9N3O3
  • MW: 267.24
  • Catalog: PARP
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

MIND4-19

MIND4-19 is a potent SIRT2 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 7.0 μM. MIND4-19 can be used for researching Huntington's disease[1].

  • CAS Number: 129544-85-0
  • MF: C22H19N3OS
  • MW: 373.47
  • Catalog: Sirtuin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

INCB054329

INCB054329 is a potent BET inhibitor.

  • CAS Number: 1628607-64-6
  • MF: C19H16N4O3
  • MW: 348.36
  • Catalog: Epigenetic Reader Domain
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

AMPK activator 9

AMPK activator 9 (ZM-6) is a potent AMPK (α2β1γ1) activator with an EC50 value of 1.1 µM. AMPK activator 9 has the potential for the research of type 2 diabetes[1].

  • CAS Number: 1858204-23-5
  • MF: C31H28F4N4O4
  • MW: 596.57
  • Catalog: AMPK
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Menin-MLL inhibitor 31

Menin-MLL inhibitor 31 (compound 18) is a potent inhibitor of the menin?MLL interaction with an IC50 value of 4.6 nM[1].

  • CAS Number: 2863656-86-2
  • MF: C77H119FN28O14
  • MW: 1679.95
  • Catalog: Epigenetic Reader Domain
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

HA-100 hydrochloride

HA-100 dihydrochloride is a potent protein kinase inhibitor, with IC50s of 4 μM, 8 μM, 12 μM and 240 μM for cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), protein kinase C (PKC) and MLC-kinase, respectively. HA-100 dihydrochloride also used as a ROCK inhibitor[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 210297-47-5
  • MF: C13H17Cl2N3O2S
  • MW: 350.26
  • Catalog: ROCK
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

2'-Deoxy-5-methylcytidine

5-Methyl-2'-deoxycytidine in single-stranded DNA can act in cis to signal de novo DNA methylation[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 838-07-3
  • MF: C10H15N3O4
  • MW: 241.244
  • Catalog: DNA Methyltransferase
  • Density: 1.6±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 492.8±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 217-219 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 251.9±31.5 °C

Tankyrase-IN-2

Tankyrase-IN-2 (compound 5k) is a potent, selective, and orally active tankyrase inhibitor (IC50s of 10, 7, and 710 nM for TNKS1, TNKS2 as well as PARP1, respectively). Tankyrase-IN-2 has favorable physicochemical profile and pharmacokinetic properties modulating Wnt pathway activity in a colorectal xenograft model[1].

  • CAS Number: 1588870-36-3
  • MF: C17H14F2N2O2
  • MW: 316.30
  • Catalog: PARP
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

HDAC-IN-40

HDAC-IN-40 is a potent alkoxyamide-based HDAC inhibitor with Ki values of 60 nM and 30 nM for HDAC2 and HDAC6, respectively. HDAC-IN-40 had antitumor effects[1].

  • CAS Number: 2463198-51-6
  • MF: C15H22N2O6
  • MW: 326.34
  • Catalog: HDAC
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

3α-Hydroxymogrol

3α-Hydroxymogrol is a triterpenoid isolated from Siraitia grosvenorii Swingle, acts as a potent AMPK activator, and enhances AMPK phosphorylation[1].

  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

XY1

XY1 is a very close analogue of SGC707 (a potent, selective, and non-competitive inhibitor of PRMT3 with IC50 of 31 nM), but XY1 is completely inactive.Target: PRMT3XY1 is a close analogue of SGC707, is completely inactive againstPRMT3 at concentrations as high as 100 μM. XY1 contains a naphthyl group replacing the isoquinoline group, lacks the key hydrogen bond with T466. The naphthyl ring of XY1 could act as a weak hydrogen-bond acceptor, but this should come with a substantial enthalpic penalty. The more than 1000-fold potency loss of XY1 compared with SGC707 supports this analysis. It is unclear whether other factors such as electronic effects also contributed to the potency loss of XY1 compared with SGC707. SGC707 and XY1 are a pair of excellent tools for the biomedical community to further elucidate biological functions and disease associations of PRMT3.

  • CAS Number: 1624117-53-8
  • MF: C17H19N3O2
  • MW: 297.352
  • Catalog: Histone Methyltransferase
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 514.8±42.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 265.1±27.9 °C

VTP50469 fumarate

VTP50469 fumarate is a potent, highly selective and orally active Menin-MLL interaction inhibitor with a Ki of 104 pM. VTP50469 fumarate has potently anti-leukemia activity[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 2169919-29-1
  • MF: C32H47FN6O4S.3/2C4H4O4
  • MW: 804.93
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

ORY-1001(trans)

ORY-1001 trans is a selective irreversible lysine (K)-specific demethylase 1A (KDM1A/LSD1) inhibitor.

  • CAS Number: 1431303-72-8
  • MF: C15H24Cl2N2
  • MW: 303.271
  • Catalog: Histone Demethylase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

ɛPKC(85–92),Myristoylated

?PKC(85–92),Myristoylated is a cell permeable myristic acid conjugated PKC? peptide activator that enhances NO release in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)[1].

  • CAS Number: 1072301-79-1
  • MF: C53H80N10O15
  • MW: 1097.26
  • Catalog: PKC
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

UNC0631

UNC 0631 is a potent G9a inhibitor with IC50 value of 4 nM.IC50 value: 4 nM [1]Target: G9aUNC 0631, which had high in vitro potency versus G9a and improved lipophilicity, was highly potent (IC50 < 0.06 μM) in reducing H3K9me2 levels in MDA-MB-231 cells and had low cell toxicity. In particular, compounds 7 was more potent than compound 5 and had a similar tox/function ratio in MDAMB-231 cells. UNC 0631 showed excellent separation of functional potency versus cell toxicity in MDA-MB-231 cells, thecompound was further evaluated in a variety of cell lines to characterize it's cellular potency and cell toxicity. UNC 0631 had excellent tox/functionratios in these cell lines.

  • CAS Number: 1320288-19-4
  • MF: C37H61N7O2
  • MW: 635.926
  • Catalog: Histone Methyltransferase
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 763.4±70.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 415.5±35.7 °C

INCB-057643

INCB-057643 is a novel, orally bioavailable BET inhibitor.

  • CAS Number: 1820889-23-3
  • MF: C20H21N3O5S
  • MW: 415.46
  • Catalog: Epigenetic Reader Domain
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

DNMT3A-IN-2

DNMT3A-IN-2 (compound 2) is a potent and allosteric inhibitor of DNMT3A. DNMT3A-IN-2 inhibits DNMT3A activity by disrupting protein-protein interactions. DNMT3A-IN-2 induces apoptosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines. DNMT3A-IN-2 induces differentiation of distinct AML cell lines including cells with mutated DNMT3A R882[1].

  • CAS Number: 2366272-43-5
  • MF: C33H40N6O4
  • MW: 584.71
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

ζ-Stat

ζ-Stat (NSC37044) is a specific and atypical PKC-ζ inhibitor, with an IC50 of 5 μM. ζ-Stat can reduce melanoma cell lines proliferation and induce apoptosis, and has antitumor activity in vitro[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 3316-02-7
  • MF: C10H8O10S3
  • MW: 384.36000
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 2.019g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

UBCS039

UBCS039 is the first synthetic, specific Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) activator, inducing autophagy in human tumor cells, with an EC50 of 38 μM[1].

  • CAS Number: 358721-70-7
  • MF: C16H13N3
  • MW: 247.29
  • Catalog: Sirtuin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

RK-701

RK-701 is an highly selective and non-genotoxic inhibitor of G9a with IC50 value of 23-27 nM. RK-701 selectively up-regulates HbF, γ- Globin, BGLT3 expression, down-regulates H3K9me2 expression. RK-701 also has inhibition for BCL11A and ZBTB7A[1].

  • CAS Number: 2648855-18-7
  • MF: C26H30N4O3
  • MW: 446.54
  • Catalog: Histone Methyltransferase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Nampt-IN-3

Nampt-IN-3 (Compound 35) simultaneously inhibit nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) and HDAC with IC50s of 31 nM and 55 nM, respectively. Nampt-IN-3 effectively induces cell apoptosis and autophagy and ultimately leads to cell death[1].

  • CAS Number: 2121591-52-2
  • MF: C29H25N7O2
  • MW: 503.55
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

SNDX-5613

SNDX-5613 is a potent and specific Menin-MLL inhibitor with a binding Ki of 0.149 nM and a cell based IC50 of 10-20 nM. SNDX-5613 can be used for the research of MLL-rearranged (MLL-r) acute leukemias, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML)[1].

  • CAS Number: 2169919-21-3
  • MF: C32H47FN6O4S
  • MW: 630.82
  • Catalog: Epigenetic Reader Domain
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Tyk2-IN-5

Tyk2-IN-5 (compound 6) is a highly potent, selective and orally active Tyk2 inhibitor and targets the JH2 domain, with a Ki of 0.086 nM for Tyk2 JH2 and an IC50 of 25 nM for IFNα. Highly effective in inhibiting IFNγ production in a rat pharmacodynamics model and fully efficacious in a rat adjuvant arthritis model[1].

  • CAS Number: 1797432-62-2
  • MF: C21H19FN8O2
  • MW: 434.43
  • Catalog: JAK
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

HDAC-IN-26

HDAC-IN-26 is a highly selective class I HDAC inhibitor with an EC50 value of 4.7 nM.

  • CAS Number: 2410542-97-9
  • MF: C24H28FN5O3
  • MW: 453.51
  • Catalog: HDAC
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

(R)-PFI 2 hydrochloride

PFI-2 hydrochloride is a a first-in-class, potent, highly selective, and cell-active inhibitor of the methyltransferase activity of SETD7 with IC50 of 2 nM, 500 fold active than (S)-PFI-2.IC50 value: 2 nM [1]Target: SETD7(R)-PFI-2 is highly selective (>1,000-fold) for SETD7, over a panel of 18 other human protein methyltransferases and DNMT1, and was shown to be inactive against 134 additional ion channel, GPCR, and enzyme targets (<35% inhibition at 10 μM). (R)-PFI-2 binds to SETD7 only in the presence of SAM. PFI-766, a biotinylated variant of (R)-PFI-2 that retains the ability to bind and inhibit SETD7 (IC50 110 ± 26 nM in our in vitro enzymatic assay). PFI-766 engagement of endogenous SETD7 was also confirmed by mass spectrometry that supported the high specificity of the compound for endogenous SETD7.

  • CAS Number: 1627607-87-7
  • MF: C23H26ClF4N3O3S
  • MW: 535.982
  • Catalog: Histone Methyltransferase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

PROTAC BRD4 Degrader-2

PROTAC BRD4 Degrader-2 is an efficacious PROTAC BRD4 degrader with an IC50 of 14.2 nM against BRD4 BD1[1].

  • CAS Number: 2185795-53-1
  • MF: C40H39N9O7
  • MW: 757.79
  • Catalog: Epigenetic Reader Domain
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A