2,4-D sodium salt (Sodium 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate) is a selective systemic herbicide for the control of broad-leaved weeds. 2,4-D sodium salt acts as a plant hormone, causing uncontrolled growth in the meristematic tissues. 2,4-D sodium salt inhibits DNA and protein synthesis and thereby prevents normal plant growth and development[1].
NCGC00029283 is a werner syndrome helicase-nuclease (WRN) helicase inhibitor with IC50s of 2.3 μM, 12.5 μM, and 3.4 μM for WRN, BLM and FANCJ helicase, respectively[1].
N2-Acetylguanine is a C2-modified guanine. N2-Acetylguanine binds GR (guanine-guanine riboswitch) with an Kd value of 300 nM. N2-Acetylguanine modulate transcriptional termination. N2-Acetylguanine has the potential for the research of antimicrobial agent[1].
Riddelline, a pyrrolizidine alkaloid, is a potent genotoxic agent. Riddelline induces significant elevations in unscheduled DNA synthesis and S-phase synthesis in rat liver[1].
DHODH-IN-3 (compound 3) is a potent inhibitor of Human Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenases (HsDHODH) with an IC50 value of 261 nM. DHODH-IN-3 binds to the the ubiquinone binding cavities in DHODH with a Kiapp of 32 nM. DHODH-IN-3 has the potential for malaria treatment[1].
8-Aminoadenosine (8-NH2-Ado), a RNA-directed nucleoside analogue, reduces cellular ATP levels and inhibits mRNA synthesis. 8-Aminoadenosine blocks Akt/mTOR signaling and induces autophagy and apoptosis in a p53-independent manner. 8-Aminoadenosine has antitumor activity[1][2][3].
β-Amanitin is a cyclic peptide toxin in the poisonous Amanita phalloides mushroom. β-Amanitin inhibits inhibits eukaryotic RNA polymerase II and III. β-Amanitin inhibits protein synthesis. β-Amanitin can be used as a cytotoxic component of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs)[1][2].
Silver sulfadiazine (AgSD), a sulfonamide antibiotic, effects a dual inhibitory action on bacterial growth by its sulfa moiety (SD-SDZ) that prevents bacterial folate absorption and subsequent DNA synthesis. The silver that is released from Silver sulfadiazine binds and disrupts the DNA structure, precluding bacterial DNA replication[1].
DNA Gyrase-IN-7 (compound 6d) is a novel Microbial DNA-Gyrase inhibitor[1].
O6-Benzylguanine, a guanine analog, is the DNA repair enzyme O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (MGMT/AGT) inhibitor. O6-Benzylguanine acts as an AGT substrate, which transfers its benzyl group to the AGT cysteine residue, thereby irreversibly inactivating AGT and preventing DNA repair. O6-Benzylguanine induces tumor cell apoptosis. Antineoplastic activity[1][2].
γ-Amanitin an ADC cytotoxin and isolated from the mushroom. γ-Amanitin inhibits RNA polymerase II and disrupts synthesis of mRNA. γ-Amanitin shows similar effects to α-Amanitin (HY-19610) and β-Amanitin (HY-125586)[1].
Ribonuclease H is an enzyme degrading the RNA moiety of DNA-RNA hybrids[1].
Adenine is a purine derivative and a nucleobase with a variety of roles in biochemistry. Target: Nucleoside antimetabolite/analogAdenine is a nucleobase with a variety of roles in biochemistry including cellular respiration, in the form of both the energy-rich adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and the cofactors nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), andprotein synthesis, as a chemical component of DNA and RNA. The shape of adenine is complementary to either thymine in DNA or uracil in RNA.In older literature, adenine was sometimes called Vitamin B4. It is no longer considered a true vitamin or part of the Vitamin B complex. However, two B vitamins, niacin and riboflavin, bind with adenine to form the essential cofactors nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), respectively. Hermann Emil Fischer was one of the early scientists to study adenine. Experiments performed in 1961 by Joan Oró have shown that a large quantity of adenine can be synthesized from the polymerization of ammonia with fivehydrogen cyanide (HCN) molecules in aqueous solution, whether this has implications for the origin of life on Earth is under debate.
Tempo-d18 is the deuterium labeled Tempo[1]. Tempo is a classic nitroxide radical and is a selective scavenger of ROS that dismutases superoxide in the catalytic cycle. Tempo induces DNA-strand breakage. Tempo can be used as an organocatalyst for the oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes. Tempo has mutagenic and antioxidant effects[2][3][4][5].
L82 is a selective and uncompetitive DNA ligase 1 (DNA Lig1) inhibitor (hLig1 IC50=12 μM). L82 shows anti-proliferative activity to breast cancer cells[1][2].
3,7,4'-Trihydroxyflavone, isolated from Rhus javanica var. roxburghiana, is a flavonoid with DNA strand-scission activity[1].
2'-OMe-G(ibu) Phosphoramidite is a modified phosphoramidite monomer, which can be used for the oligonucleotide synthesis.
S-(N-PhenethylthiocarbaMoyl)-L-cysteine, a anticarcinogenic agent, has antileukaemic activity with a GC50 value of 336 nM. S-(N-PhenethylthiocarbaMoyl)-L-cysteine inhibits DNA synthesis in HL60 cells [1].
Xanthopterin hydrate, an unconjugated pteridine compound, is the main component of the yellow granule in the Oriental hornet bear wings, produces a characteristic excitation/emission maximum at 386/456 nm[2]. Xanthopterin hydrate(XPT) causes renal growth and hypertrophy in rat[1].Xanthopterin hydrate inhibits RNA synthesis[4].
Deoxythymidine-5'-triphosphate (dTTP) trisodium salt is one of the four natural deoxynucleotides. Deoxythymidine-5'-triphosphate trisodium salt is used for the biosynthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid by DNA polymerase and reverse transcriptase[1].
ddGTP (2′,3′-Dideoxyguanosine 5′-triphosphate) is one of 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphates (ddNTPs) that acts as chain-elongating inhibitor of DNA polymerase for DNA sequencing[1].
CeMMEC1 is an inhibitor of BRD4, and also has high affinity for TAF1, with an IC50 of 0.9 μM for TAF1, and a Kd of 1.8 μM for TAF1 (2).
ERCC1-XPF-IN-1 is a potent and high-affinity ERCC1-XPF inhibitor with IC50 value of 0.49 μM. ERCC1-XPF-IN-1 has the capacity to potentiate the cytotoxicity effect of UV radiation and inhibiting DAN repair, by the inhibition of removal of CPDs, and cyclophosphamide toxicity to colorectal cancer cells[1].
Idarubicin is an orally active and potent anthracycline antileukemic agent. Idarubicin inhibits the topoisomerase II interfering with the replication of DNA and RNA transcription. Idarubicin shows induction of DNA damage. Idarubicin inhibits DNA synthesis and of c-myc expression. Idarubicin inhibits the growth of bacteria and yeasts[1][2][3][4][5].
DNA polymerase-IN-1 (compound 2d) is a DNA polymerase inhibitor (IC50=20.7 μM) with antiproliferative activity against tumor cells[1].
S-Gem is a TrxR-dependent prodrug of Gemcitabine (HY-17026) and selectively activated by TrxR. S-Gem shows less cytotoxicity compared to Gemcitabine[1].
PCNA-I1 is a potent PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) inhibitor. PCNA-I1 directly binds PCNA trimers with a Kd of 0.41 μM and exhibits antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo[1].
DMT-2'-F-Cytidine Phosphoramidite is a phosphoramidite that can be used in the synthesis of oligonucleotides.
p53 Activator 2 (compound 10ah) intercalats into DNA and results in significant DNA double-strand break.p53 Activator 2 increases the expression of p53, p-p53, CDK4, p21 to cause cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase.p53 Activator 2 induce apoptosis and significantly down-regulates the anti-apoptosis proteins Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and the levels of cyclin B1.p53 Activator 2 has anti-proliferation activity against MGC-803 cells, with an IC50 of 1.73 µM. p53 Activator 2 displays potent anticancer efficiency against MGC-803 xenograft tumors models[1].
Remdesivir O-desphosphate acetonide impurity is an impurity of Remdesivir. Remdesivir (GS-5734), a nucleoside analogue with effective antiviral activity and is highly effective in the control of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection in vitro[1][2].