Cell Cycle includes many processes necessary for successful self-replication, and consists of DNA synthesis (S) and mitosis (M) phases separated by gap phases in the order G1–S–G2–M. S phase and M phase are usually separated by gap phases called G1 and G2, when cell-cycle progression can be regulated by various intracellular and extracellular signals. In order to move from one phase of its life cycle to the next, a cell must pass through numerous checkpoints. At each checkpoint, specialized proteins determine whether the necessary conditions exist. Progression through G1 phase is controlled by pRB proteins, and phosphorylation of pRB proteins by CDKs releases E2F factors, promoting the transition to S phase. The G2/M transition that commits cells to division is a default consequence of initiating the cell cycle at the G1/S transition, many proteins, such Wee1, PLK1 and cdc25, is involved the regulation of this process. The best-understood checkpoints are those activated by DNA damage and problems with DNA replication.

DNA damage response (DDR) is a series of regulatory events including DNA damage, cell-cycle arrest, regulation of DNA replication, and repair or bypass of DNA damage to ensure the maintenance of genomic stability and cell viability. Genome instability arises if cells initiate mitosis when chromosomes are only partially replicated or are damaged by a double-strand DNA break (DSB). To prevent cells with damaged DNA from entering mitosis, ATR inhibits cyclin B/Cdk1 activation by stimulating the Cdk1 inhibitory kinase Wee1 and inhibiting Cdc25C via Chk1, besides, ATM and ATR also initiate DNA repair by phosphorylating several other substrates.

In cancer cells, the cell cycle regulators as well as other elements of the DDR pathway have been found to protect tumor cells from different stresses and to promote tumor progression. Thus, cell cycle proteins that directly regulate cell cycle progression (such as CDKs), as well as checkpoint kinases, Aurora kinases and PLKs, are promising targets in cancer therapy.

References:
[1] Rhind N, et al. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2012 Oct; 4(10): a005942.
[2] Duronio RJ, et al. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2013 Mar; 5(3): a008904.
[3] Liu W, et al. Mol Cancer. 2017 Mar 14;16(1):60.
[4] Ghelli Luserna di Rora' A, et al. J Hematol Oncol. 2017 Mar 29;10(1):77.


Anti-infection >
Arenavirus Bacterial CMV Enterovirus Filovirus Fungal HBV HCV HIV HSV Influenza Virus Parasite Reverse Transcriptase RSV SARS-CoV
Antibody-drug Conjugate >
ADC Cytotoxin ADC Linker Drug-Linker Conjugates for ADC PROTAC-linker Conjugate for PAC
Apoptosis >
Apoptosis Bcl-2 Family c-Myc Caspase DAPK Ferroptosis IAP MDM-2/p53 PKD RIP kinase Survivin Thymidylate Synthase TNF Receptor
Autophagy >
Autophagy LRRK2 ULK Mitophagy
Cell Cycle/DNA Damage >
Antifolate APC ATM/ATR Aurora Kinase Casein Kinase CDK Checkpoint Kinase (Chk) CRISPR/Cas9 Deubiquitinase DNA Alkylator/Crosslinker DNA-PK DNA/RNA Synthesis Eukaryotic Initiation Factor (eIF) G-quadruplex Haspin Kinase HDAC HSP IRE1 Kinesin LIM Kinase (LIMK) Microtubule/Tubulin Mps1 Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog p97 PAK PARP PERK Polo-like Kinase (PLK) PPAR RAD51 ROCK Sirtuin SRPK Telomerase TOPK Topoisomerase Wee1
Cytoskeleton >
Arp2/3 Complex Dynamin Gap Junction Protein Integrin Kinesin Microtubule/Tubulin Mps1 Myosin PAK
Epigenetics >
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JAK/STAT Signaling >
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ERK JNK KLF MAP3K MAP4K MAPKAPK2 (MK2) MEK Mixed Lineage Kinase MNK p38 MAPK Raf Ribosomal S6 Kinase (RSK)
Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel >
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Metabolic Enzyme/Protease >
15-PGDH 5 alpha Reductase 5-Lipoxygenase Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Acyltransferase Adenosine Deaminase Adenosine Kinase Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Aldose Reductase Aminopeptidase Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) ATGL ATP Citrate Lyase Carbonic Anhydrase Carboxypeptidase Cathepsin CETP COMT Cytochrome P450 Dipeptidyl Peptidase Dopamine β-hydroxylase E1/E2/E3 Enzyme Elastase Enolase FAAH FABP Factor Xa Farnesyl Transferase Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) FXR Glucokinase GSNOR Gutathione S-transferase HCV Protease Hexokinase HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase HIV Integrase HIV Protease HMG-CoA Reductase (HMGCR) HSP Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) Lactate Dehydrogenase LXR MAGL Mineralocorticoid Receptor Mitochondrial Metabolism MMP Nampt NEDD8-activating Enzyme Neprilysin PAI-1 PDHK PGC-1α Phosphatase Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Phospholipase Procollagen C Proteinase Proteasome Pyruvate Kinase RAR/RXR Renin ROR Ser/Thr Protease SGK Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) Thrombin Tryptophan Hydroxylase Tyrosinase Xanthine Oxidase
Neuronal Signaling >
5-HT Receptor AChE Adenosine Kinase Amyloid-β Beta-secretase CaMK CGRP Receptor COMT Dopamine Receptor Dopamine Transporter FAAH GABA Receptor GlyT iGluR Imidazoline Receptor mAChR Melatonin Receptor Monoamine Oxidase nAChR Neurokinin Receptor Opioid Receptor Serotonin Transporter γ-secretase
NF-κB >
NF-κB IKK Keap1-Nrf2 MALT1
PI3K/Akt/mTOR >
Akt AMPK ATM/ATR DNA-PK GSK-3 MELK mTOR PDK-1 PI3K PI4K PIKfyve PTEN
PROTAC >
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Protein Tyrosine Kinase/RTK >
Ack1 ALK Bcr-Abl BMX Kinase Btk c-Fms c-Kit c-Met/HGFR Discoidin Domain Receptor DYRK EGFR Ephrin Receptor FAK FGFR FLT3 IGF-1R Insulin Receptor IRAK Itk PDGFR PKA Pyk2 ROS Src Syk TAM Receptor Trk Receptor VEGFR
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Casein Kinase ERK Gli GSK-3 Hedgehog Hippo (MST) JAK Notch Oct3/4 PKA Porcupine ROCK sFRP-1 Smo STAT TGF-beta/Smad Wnt YAP β-catenin γ-secretase
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Vitamin D Related >
VD/VDR
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Cyclophosphamide (hydrate)

Cyclophosphamide hydrate is a synthetic alkylating agent chemically related to the nitrogen mustards with antineoplastic and immunosuppressive activities.

  • CAS Number: 6055-19-2
  • MF: C7H17Cl2N2O3P
  • MW: 279.101
  • Catalog: DNA Alkylator/Crosslinker
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 336.1ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 49-51 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: >230 °F

2’-Deoxy-3’,2-anhydrouridine

2’-Deoxy-3’,2-anhydrouridine is a purine nucleoside analog. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].

  • CAS Number: 26922-44-1
  • MF: C9H10N2O4
  • MW: 210.19
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

8-Azidoadenosine-5'-diphosphate Sodium Salt

8-Azido-ADP (disodium) is a covalent-binding inhibitor of mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocation. 8-Azido-ADP (disodium) causes irreversible inhibition of adenine nucleotide exchange in a light-dependent reaction. 8-Azido-ADP (disodium) inhibits the normal state 4 → 3 transitions of mitochondrial respiration induced by ADP[1].

  • CAS Number: 102185-14-8
  • MF: C10H13N8NaO10P2
  • MW: 490.19500
  • Catalog: DNA/RNA Synthesis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Daun02

Daun02 is a prodrug of the topoisomerase inhibitor Daunorubicin.

  • CAS Number: 290304-24-4
  • MF: C41H44N2O20
  • MW: 884.78900
  • Catalog: ADC Cytotoxin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

CFI-400945

CFI-400945 free base is a potent, selective and orally bioavailable PLK4 inhibitor with a Ki and an IC50 of 0.26 nM and 2.8 nM, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 1338806-73-7
  • MF: C33H34N4O3
  • MW: 534.648
  • Catalog: Polo-like Kinase (PLK)
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 751.5±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 408.3±32.9 °C

Palmitic acid-13C16 sodium

Palmitic acid-13C16 sodium is the 13C-labeled Palmitic acid sodium. Palmitic acid sodium is a long-chain saturated fatty acid commonly found in both animals and plants. Palmitic acid sodium can induce the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) in in mouse granulosa cells[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 2483736-17-8
  • MF: 13C16H31NaO2
  • MW: 294.29
  • Catalog: HSP
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

CDDD2-94

CDDD2-94 is a highly potent and selective CDK4 inhibitor with Ki of 2 nM, >140-fold selective for CDK4 over CDK6 (Ki=279 nM).CDDD2-94 is ineffective against other members of the CDK family, displays high selectivity against a panel of 369 human kinases at 1uM, with exceptionally selective-CLK, DYRKs and MYLK4 were the only kinases targeted potently.CDDD2-94 is the most selective CDK4 inhibitor identified to date.CDDD2-94 demonstrated antiproliferative activityagainst MV4-11 and MDA-MB-453 cell lines with GI50 of 0.107 and 0.325 uM respectively.CDDD2-94 inhibits S780-phosphorylated Rb (pRb(S780)) and decreases transcription of Rb1 and E2F-target genes in MDA-MB-453 cells.CDDD2-94 is well tolerated and efficacious in preclinical OC xenograft model, CDDD2-94 provides better safety profile than palbociclib towards the bone marrow.

  • CAS Number: 2078047-99-9
  • MF: C21H27FN8S
  • MW: 442.561
  • Catalog: CDK
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

2′-Deoxy-β-L-uridine

2'-Deoxy-β-L-uridine is a nucledside analogue and a specific substrate for the viral enzyme, shows no stereospecificity against herpes simplex 1 (HSV1) thymidine kinase (TK). 2′-Deoxy-β-L-uridine exerts antiviral activity via the interation of 5'-triphosphates with the viral DNA polymerase[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 31501-19-6
  • MF: C9H11N2O5+
  • MW: 227.19400
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: 1.533 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Kif15-IN-2

Kif15-IN-2 is an inhibitor of the mitotic kinesin Kif15, and is used for the research of cellular proliferative diseases.

  • CAS Number: 672926-33-9
  • MF: C20H20N6O4S
  • MW: 440.476
  • Catalog: Kinesin
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

3-Deazauridine

3-Deazauridine (NSC 126849) is a uridine analogue. 3-Deazauridine competitively inhibits cytidine triphosphate synthase to inhibit the biosynthesis of cytidine-5'-triphosphate. 3-Deazauridine acts synergistically with several antineoplastic agents, acting as a biological response modifier[1].

  • CAS Number: 23205-42-7
  • MF: C10H13NO6
  • MW: 243.21
  • Catalog: DNA/RNA Synthesis
  • Density: 1.718g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 528ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: 233-235ºC
  • Flash Point: 273.1ºC

3'-Azido-3'-deoxy-5-fluorocytidine

3'-Azido-3'-deoxy-5-fluorocytidine (Compound 12) is a cytidine derivative.

  • CAS Number: 2095417-18-6
  • MF: C9H11FN6O4
  • MW: 286.22
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Aminobenzenesulfonic auristatin E

Aminobenzenesulfonic auristatin E is a drug-linker conjugate for ADC with potent antitumor activity by using Auristatin E (a cytotoxic tubulin modifier), linked via the ADC linker Aminobenzenesulfonic[1].

  • CAS Number: 1800462-99-0
  • MF: C37H64N6O8S
  • MW: 753.00
  • Catalog: Microtubule/Tubulin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Berberine hydrogen sulphate

Berberine sulfate is a natural alkaline, reduces apoptosis, with potent anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effect[1].

  • CAS Number: 633-66-9
  • MF: C20H19NO8S
  • MW: 433.432
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

HDAC6/8/BRPF1-IN-1

HDAC6/8/BRPF1-IN-1 is a dual inhibitor of both HDAC6/8 and the bromodomain and PHD finger containing protein 1 (BRPF1). HDAC6/8/BRPF1-IN-1 has inhibitory activity for HDAC1, HDAC6 and HDAC8 with IC50 values of 797 nM, 344 nM and 908 nM, respectively. HDAC6/8/BRPF1-IN-1 has inhibitory activity for BRPF1 with an Kd value of 175.2 nM. HDAC6/8/BRPF1-IN-1 can be used for the research of cancer[1].

  • CAS Number: 2484255-65-2
  • MF: C18H17N3O5S
  • MW: 387.41
  • Catalog: HDAC
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Tubulin inhibitor 1

Tubulin inhibitor 1 is a tubulin inhibitor, occupying the colchicine binding site, inhibits tubulin polymerization. Tubulin inhibitor 1 shows potent anti-tumor activity, casues cellular mitotic arrest in the G2/M phase, and induces cellular apoptosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 2237054-53-2
  • MF: C21H24N2O4
  • MW: 368.43
  • Catalog: Microtubule/Tubulin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

L-Inosine

L-Inosine is the L-configuration of Inosine (HY-N0092). Inosine is an endogenous purine nucleoside produced by catabolism of adenosine. Inosine has anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 21138-24-9
  • MF: C10H12N4O5
  • MW: 268.22600
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: 2.08
  • Boiling Point: 732.8ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 218ºC
  • Flash Point: N/A

cyclothialidine

Cyclothialidine ( Ro 09-1437) is a potent DNA gyrase inhibitor isolated from Streptomyces filipinensisNR0484[1].

  • CAS Number: 147214-63-9
  • MF: C26H35N5O12S
  • MW: 641.64700
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

3’-Amino-3’-deoxy-5-fluorouridine

3’-Amino-3’-deoxy-5-fluorouridine is a purine nucleoside analogue. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].

  • CAS Number: 80955-97-1
  • MF: C9H12FN3O5
  • MW: 261.21
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

2-Deoxy-2’-deoxy-5’-(4,4’-dimethoxytrityl)uridine

2-Deoxy-2’-deoxy-5’-(4,4’-dimethoxytrityl)uridine is a purine nucleoside analog. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].

  • CAS Number: 151503-26-3
  • MF: C30H30N2O6
  • MW: 514.57
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

3',5'-di-O-acetyl-2'-O-methyl-6-chloro-2-aminopurine riboside

3',5'-Di-O-acetyl-2'-O-methyl-6-chloro-2-aminopurine riboside is a purine nucleoside analog. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].

  • CAS Number: 244184-56-3
  • MF: C15H18ClN5O6
  • MW: 399.79
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

2’,3’-Di-O-acetyl-8-benzyloxy-3’-deoxy guanosine

2’,3’-Di-O-acetyl-8-benzyloxy-3’-deoxy guanosine is a purine nucleoside analog. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].

  • CAS Number: 2389988-71-8
  • MF: C21H23N5O7
  • MW: 457.44
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Ryuvidine

Ryuvidine is a potent inhibitor of SET domain-containing protein 8(SETD8) with an IC50 of 0.5 µM and suppresses monomethylation of H4K20 in vitro[1]. Ryuvidine also inhibits CDK4 with an IC50 of 6.0 μM and is cytotoxic against a range of human cancer cells[2].

  • CAS Number: 265312-55-8
  • MF: C15H12N2O2S
  • MW: 284.33300
  • Catalog: CDK
  • Density: 1.416g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 463.8ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 234.3ºC

Melflufen

Melflufen (Melphalan flufenamide), a dipeptide prodrug of Melphalan, is an alkylating agent. Melflufen shows antitumor activity against multiple myeloma (MM) cells and inhibits angiogenesis. Melflufen induces irreversible DNA damage and cytotoxicity in MM cells[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 380449-51-4
  • MF: C24H30Cl2FN3O3
  • MW: 498.41800
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Trimetrexate glucuronate

Trimetrexate glucuronate (NSC 352122) is a folic acid antagonist. Trimetrexate glucuronate affects DNA and RNA synthesis by inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase and preventing the synthesis of purine nucleotides and thymidylate. Trimetrexate glucuronate has potential anti-tumour activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 82952-64-5
  • MF: C25H33N5O10
  • MW: 563.55700
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: 1.305 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 647ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 345.1ºC

Y-33075

Y-33075 is a selective ROCK inhibitor derived from Y-27632, and is more potent than Y-27632, with an IC50 of 3.6 nM.

  • CAS Number: 199433-58-4
  • MF: C16H16N4O
  • MW: 280.32400
  • Catalog: ROCK
  • Density: 1.32
  • Boiling Point: 444.644ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 222.713ºC

5-Aminosalicylic acid-13C6

5-Aminosalicylic acid-13C6 is the 13C labeled 5-Aminosalicylic Acid[1]. 5-Aminosalicylic acid (Mesalamine) acts as a specific PPARγ agonist and also inhibits p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) and NF-κB[2][3][4].

  • CAS Number: 1189709-96-3
  • MF: C7H7NO3
  • MW: 159.09100
  • Catalog: PAK
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

HDACs/mTOR Inhibitor 1

HDACs/mTOR Inhibitor 1 is a dual Histone Deacetylases (HDACs) and mammalian target of Rapamycin (mTOR) target inhibitor for treating hematologic malignancies, with IC50s of 0.19 nM, 1.8 nM, 1.2 nM and >500 nM for HDAC1, HDAC6, mTOR and PI3Kα, respectively. HDACs/mTOR Inhibitor 1 stimulates cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase and induce tumor cell apoptosis with low toxicity in vivo[1].

  • CAS Number: 2271413-06-8
  • MF: C28H38N8O5
  • MW: 566.65
  • Catalog: HDAC
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

3’-Deoxy-3’-fluoro-5-methyluridine

3’-Deoxy-3’-fluoro-5-methyluridine is a purine nucleoside analogue. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].

  • CAS Number: 125217-37-0
  • MF: C10H13FN2O5
  • MW: 260.22
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: 1.6±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

KIF18A-IN-1

KIF18A-IN-1 is a mitotic kinesin KIF18A inhibitor extracted from patent WO2021026098A1 example 100-13. KIF18A-IN-1 exhibits anti-tumor activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 2600559-12-2
  • MF: C28H40N4O5S2
  • MW: 576.77
  • Catalog: Microtubule/Tubulin
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

5-Ethyl cytidine

5-Ethyl cytidine is a cytidine analog. Cytidine analogs have a mechanism of inhibiting DNA methyltransferases (such as Zebularine, HY-13420), and have potential anti-metabolic and anti-tumor activities[1].

  • CAS Number: 56367-98-7
  • MF: C11H17N3O5
  • MW: 271.27
  • Catalog: Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
  • Density: 1.7±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 538.5±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 279.5±32.9 °C