Cell apoptosis, sometimes called programmed cell death, is a cellular self-destruction method to remove old and damaged cells during development and aging to protect cells from external disturbances and maintain homeostasis. Apoptosis also occurs as a defense mechanism such as in immune reactions or when cells are damaged by disease or noxious agents.

Apoptosis is controlled by many genes and involves two fundamental pathways: the extrinsic pathway, which transmits death signals by the death receptor (DR), and the intrinsic or mitochondrial pathway. The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is activated by the binding of the death ligand to DRs, including FasL, TNF-α, and TRAIL, on the plasma membrane. The DR, adaptor protein (FADD), and associated apoptosis signaling molecule (caspase-8) form the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), thus leading to the activation of the effector caspase cascade (caspase-3, -6, and -7). The mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis pathway is regulated by Bcl-2 family proteins, including proapoptotic (Bid, Bax, Bak) and antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL).

Abnormalities in cell apoptosis can be a significant component of diseases such as cancer, autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, AIDS, ischemia, and neurode-generative diseases. These diseases may benefit from artificially inhibiting or activating apoptosis. A short list of potential methods of anti-apoptotic therapy includes stimulation of the IAP (inhibitors of apoptosis proteins) family of proteins, caspase inhibition, PARP (poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase) inhibition, stimulation of the PKB/Akt (protein kinase B) pathway, and inhibition of Bcl-2 proteins.

Ferroptosis and necroptosis are recently recognized forms of regulated cell death that differs considerably from apoptosis. Misregulated ferroptosis or necroptosis have also been implicated in multiple physiological and pathological processes, including cancer cell death, neurotoxicity, neurodegenerative diseases, etc.

References:
[1] Susan Elmore. Toxicol Pathol. 2007; 35(4): 495–516.
[2] Cao L, et al. J Cell Death. 2016 Dec 29;9:19-29.
[3] Dasgupta A, et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Jan; 18(1): 23.
[4] Xie Y, et al. Cell Death Differ. 2016 Mar;23(3):369-79.


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PI3K-IN-34

PI3K-IN-34 (Compound 6g) is a highly selective PI3K inhibitor with IC50 values of 11.73, 6.09 and 11.18 μM for PI3K-α、PI3K-β and PI3K-δ , respectively. PI3K-IN-34 arrests cell cycle at G2/M phase and induces apoptosis. PI3K-IN-34 can be used in leukemia research[1].

  • CAS Number: 2458163-94-3
  • MF: C23H22N6O3
  • MW: 430.46
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Nutlin-3a

Nutlin 3a is an active enantiomer of Nutlin-3, acts as a murine double minute (MDM2) antagonist that inhibits MDM2-p53 interactions and stabilizes the p53 protein, and thereby induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.

  • CAS Number: 675576-98-4
  • MF: C30H30Cl2N4O4
  • MW: 581.490
  • Catalog: MDM-2/p53
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

A-1210477

A-1210477 is a potent and selective inhibitor of MCL-1 with a Ki of 0.45 nM.

  • CAS Number: 1668553-26-1
  • MF: C46H55N7O7S
  • MW: 850.037
  • Catalog: Bcl-2 Family
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 1027.4±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 575.1±34.3 °C

UC-514321

UC-514321 is a more effective analog of NSC-370284 that directly binds to STAT3/5, significantly and selectively suppresses the viability of AML cells with high level of TET1 expression both in vitro and in vivo; shows no inhibitory effect on the viability of TET1-low AML (i.e., NB4) cells, function as TET1-transcription inhibitor in TET1-high AMLs and the anti-leukemic effects are TET1-dependent.

  • CAS Number: 299420-83-0
  • MF: C26H35NO5
  • MW: 441.568
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

OD36 hydrochloride

OD36hydrochloride is a RIPK2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 5.3 nM. OD36 hydrochloride is a macrocyclic inhibitor with potent binding to the ALK2 kinase ATP pocket. OD36 hydrochloride shows ALK2-directed activity with KDs of 37 nM[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 2387510-88-3
  • MF: C16H16Cl2N4O2
  • MW: 367.23
  • Catalog: RIP kinase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

AT-IAP

A potent, orally bioavailable, dual XIAP/cIAP1 inhibitor with EC50 of 5.1/0.32 nM, respectively; exhibits MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation inhibition with IC50 of 4.4 nM; decreases basal and TNF-α-induced cIAP-1 expression in CaP cells, switches TNF-α signaling from pro-survival to pro-apoptotic and increases radiation sensitivity of CaP cells in co-culture with THP-1 cells; shows in vivo efficacy in Balb/c scid mice bearing MDA-MB-231 xenografts.

  • CAS Number: 1403898-55-4
  • MF: C29H40FN5O2
  • MW: 509.659
  • Catalog: IAP
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 678.3±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 364.0±31.5 °C

cis,trans-Germacrone

cis,trans-Germacrone is a isomer of Germacrone (HY-N0440). Germacrone exhibits a wide range of antitumor, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Germacrone inhibits lung cancer cell proliferation and alters the Akt/MDM2/p53. Germacrone also arrests cell cycle at G1/S phase[1].

  • CAS Number: 32663-51-7
  • MF: C15H22O
  • MW: 218.33500
  • Catalog: MDM-2/p53
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

NSC260594

NSC260594 (NSC 260594) is a specific inhibitor of HIV-1 RNA packaging, which involves preventing the interaction of Gag with SL3 by stabilizing this small RNA stem-loop which then leads to stabilization of the global packaging signal region (psi or ψ); specifically blocks HIV-1 RNA encapsidation, binds to HIV-1 gRNA and exhibits potent antiviral activity; NSC260594 also is a small molecule inhibitor of the Escherichia coli condensin MukBEF, affects MukB directly.

  • CAS Number: 906718-66-9
  • MF: C29H24N6O3
  • MW: 504.55
  • Catalog: HIV
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

HDAC1/6-IN-1

HDAC1/6-IN-1 (compound D7) is a potent multitarget inhibitor of GLP, HDAC6 and HDAC1, with IC50 values of 1.3, 13, and 89 nM, respectively. HDAC1/6-IN-1 can inhibit the methylation and deacetylation of H3K9 on protein level. HDAC1/6-IN-1 induces cancer cell apoptosis, G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, and blocks migration and invasion[1].

  • CAS Number: 2630989-02-3
  • MF: C32H45N7O4
  • MW: 591.74
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

KJ Pyr 9

KJ Pyr 9 is an inhibitor of MYC with a Kd of 6.5 nM in in vitro assay.

  • CAS Number: 581073-80-5
  • MF: C22H15N3O4
  • MW: 385.372
  • Catalog: c-Myc
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 584.4±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 307.2±30.1 °C

p53 Activator 2

p53 Activator 2 (compound 10ah) intercalats into DNA and results in significant DNA double-strand break.p53 Activator 2 increases the expression of p53, p-p53, CDK4, p21 to cause cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase.p53 Activator 2 induce apoptosis and significantly down-regulates the anti-apoptosis proteins Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and the levels of cyclin B1.p53 Activator 2 has anti-proliferation activity against MGC-803 cells, with an IC50 of 1.73 µM. p53 Activator 2 displays potent anticancer efficiency against MGC-803 xenograft tumors models[1].

  • CAS Number: 2338764-89-7
  • MF: C20H21N5O2
  • MW: 363.41
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Z-VDVAD-FMK

Z-VDVAD-FMK is a special inhibitor of caspase-2. Z-VDVAD-FMK produces a reduction in Lovastatin-induced apoptosis[1][3][3].

  • CAS Number: 210344-92-6
  • MF: C32H46FN5O11
  • MW: 695.73
  • Catalog: Caspase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Targaprimir-96

Targaprimir-96 is a potent inhibitor of microRNA-96 (miR-96) processing. Targaprimir-96 selectively modulates miR-96 production in cancer cells and triggers apoptosis. Targaprimir-96 binds primary miR-96 (pri-miR-96) with low nanomolar affinity. Targaprimir-96 directly engages pri-miR-96 in breast cancer cells and is ineffective on healthy breast cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 1655508-14-7
  • MF: C77H102N18O7
  • MW: 1391.75
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Sodium Houttuyfonate

Sodium Houttuyfonate is a natural compound extracted from Houttuynia cordata, with anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects. Sodium Houttuyfonate ameliorates LPS induced mastitis by inhibiting the NF κB pathway[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 83766-73-8
  • MF: C12H23NaO5S
  • MW: 302.363
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

p53 CBS

p53 CBS (p53 Consensus binding sequence) is a biological active peptide. (p53 consensus DNA binding site)

  • CAS Number: 721963-21-9
  • MF: C144H184N42O27S2
  • MW: 2999.40
  • Catalog: MDM-2/p53
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Apratastat

Apratastat is an orally active, potent, and reversible dual inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor-α converting enzyme (TACE) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) . Apratastat can potently inhibit the release of TNF-α in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo with IC50s of 144 ng/mL in vitro and 81.7 ng/mL ex vivo, respectively[1].

  • CAS Number: 287405-51-0
  • MF: C17H22N2O6S2
  • MW: 414.496
  • Catalog: TNF Receptor
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Diosgenin glucoside

Diosgenin glucoside, a saponin compound extracted from Tritulus terrestris L., provides neuroprotection by regulating microglial M1 polarization. Diosgenin glucoside protects against spinal cord injury by regulating autophagy and alleviating apoptosis [1][2].

  • CAS Number: 14144-06-0
  • MF: C33H52O8
  • MW: 576.761
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 705.1±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 380.2±32.9 °C

bleomycin A6

Boanmycin is an antibiotic with antitumor activity that induces cellular senescence and apoptosis[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 37293-17-7
  • MF: C60H96N20O21S2
  • MW: 1497.66000
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.53g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Adaphostin

Adaphostin (NSC 680410), the adamantyl ester of AG957, is a potent p210bcr/abl inhibitor (IC50=14 μM). Adaphostin induces apoptosis in T-lymphoblastic human leukemia cell lines (IC50 ranging from 17 to 216 nM). Adaphostin has significant and selective activity against chronic and acute myeloid leukemia cells. Adaphostin increased the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within CLL B cells[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 241127-58-2
  • MF: C24H27NO4
  • MW: 393.47500
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.33g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 606.2ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 320.4ºC

Cycloastragenol

Astramembrangenin (Cycloastragenol) is a triterpenoid saponin compound and a hydrolysis product of the main active ingredient in Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge[1].Astramembrangenin is orally safe and has broad Extensive pharmacological effects, including telomerase activation, telomere elongation, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties[2].Astramembrangenin has antiaging properties, CAG stimulates telomerase activity in human neonatal keratinocytes and rat neuronal cells, and induces CREB activation followed by tert and bcl2 expression. Cycloastragenol (CAG) may have a novel therapeutic role in depression[2].

  • CAS Number: 78574-94-4
  • MF: C30H50O5
  • MW: 490.715
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 617.2±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 241.0 to 245.0 °C
  • Flash Point: 327.1±31.5 °C

LBH589 lactate

Panobinostat lactate is a potent and orally active non-selective HDAC inhibitor. Panobinostat lactate has antineoplastic activities. Panobinostat lactate effectively disrupts HIV latency. Panobinostat lactate induces cell apoptosis and autophagy. Panobinostat lactate can be used for the study of refractory or relapsed multiple myeloma[1][2][3][4][5].

  • CAS Number: 960055-56-5
  • MF: C24H29N3O5
  • MW: 439.50400
  • Catalog: HIV
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

OICR12694

OICR12694 (JNJ-65234637) is an orally active inhibitor of B cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6)[1].

  • CAS Number: 2360625-97-2
  • MF: C29H28ClF3N8O4
  • MW: 645.03
  • Catalog: Bcl-2 Family
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

VPC-70063

VPC-70063 is a potent Myc-Max inhibitor with an IC50 value of 8.9 μM for Myc-Max transcriptional activity inhibition. VPC-70063 reduces UBE2C promotor activity and AR-V7 levels, and induces PARP cleavage. VPC-70063 induces apoptosis and blocks Myc-Max interactions with DNA. VPC-70063 can be used for researching anticancer[1].

  • CAS Number: 13571-44-3
  • MF: C16H12F6N2S
  • MW: 378.34
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

chelidonine

Chelidonine is an isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Chelidonium majus L., causes G2/M arrest and induces caspase-dependent and caspase-independent apoptosis, with anticancer and antiviral activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 476-32-4
  • MF: C20H19NO5
  • MW: 353.369
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 507.4±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 135-140ºC
  • Flash Point: 260.7±30.1 °C

4-tert-Octylphenol

4-tert-Octylphenol, a endocrine-disrupting chemical, is an estrogenic drug. 4-tert-Octylphenol induces apoptosis in neuronal progenitor cells in offspring mouse brain. 4-tert-Octylphenol reduces bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), mitotic marker Ki67, and phospho-histone H3 (p-Histone-H3), resulting in a reduction of neuronal progenitor proliferation. 4-tert-Octylphenol disrupts brain development and behavior in mice[1].

  • CAS Number: 140-66-9
  • MF: C14H22O
  • MW: 206.324
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 0.9±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 282.3±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 79-82 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 148.3±8.2 °C

BPKDi

BPKDi is a potent bipyridyl PKD inhibitor with IC50s of 1 nM, 9 nM and 1 nM for PKD1, PKD2 and PKD3, respectively. BPKDi blocks signal-dependent phosphorylation and nuclear export of class IIa HDACs in cardiomyocytes[1].

  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

IVHD-valtrate

IVHD-valtrate, an active Valeriana jatamansi derivative, is against human ovarian cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. IVHD-valtrate induces cancer cells apoptosis and arrests the ovarian cancer cells in the G2/M phase. IVHD-valtrate has the potential to be a novel chemotherapeutic agent for the human ovarian cancer research[1].

  • CAS Number: 28325-56-6
  • MF: C27H40O11
  • MW: 540.600
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 616.5±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 193.9±25.0 °C

4-[(3β)-Cholest-5-en-3-yloxy]-4-oxobutanoic acid

Cholesteryl hemisuccinate is a with hepatoprotective an anticancer activity. Cholesteryl hemisuccinate inhibits Acetaminophen (AAP, HY-66005) hepatotoxicity, and prevents AAP-induced hepatic apoptosis and necrosis. Cholesteryl hemisuccinate inhibits DNA polymerase and DNA topoisomerase to inhibit DNA replication and repair and cell division. Thus, Cholesteryl hemisuccinate inhibits tumor growth[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1510-21-0
  • MF: C31H50O4
  • MW: 486.73
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 586.0±43.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 178 °C
  • Flash Point: 179.6±21.7 °C

CRT5

CRT5, a pyrazine benzamide, is a potent and selective inhibitor for all three isoforms of PKD in endothelial cells treated with VEGF (IC50s = 1, 2, and 1.5 nM for PKD1, PKD2, and PKD3, respectively). CRT5 decreases VEGF-induced endothelial migration, proliferation and tubulogenesis[1].

  • CAS Number: 1034297-58-9
  • MF: C28H30N4O2
  • MW: 454.563
  • Catalog: PKD
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 651.2±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 347.6±31.5 °C

Atrosab

Atrosab is a humanized IgG1 antagonistic anti-TNFR1 antibody. Atrosab inhibits TNF-mediated apoptosis induction and IL-6 and IL-8 production. Atrosab can be used for research of inflammatory disease[1].

  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A