Cell apoptosis, sometimes called programmed cell death, is a cellular self-destruction method to remove old and damaged cells during development and aging to protect cells from external disturbances and maintain homeostasis. Apoptosis also occurs as a defense mechanism such as in immune reactions or when cells are damaged by disease or noxious agents.

Apoptosis is controlled by many genes and involves two fundamental pathways: the extrinsic pathway, which transmits death signals by the death receptor (DR), and the intrinsic or mitochondrial pathway. The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is activated by the binding of the death ligand to DRs, including FasL, TNF-α, and TRAIL, on the plasma membrane. The DR, adaptor protein (FADD), and associated apoptosis signaling molecule (caspase-8) form the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), thus leading to the activation of the effector caspase cascade (caspase-3, -6, and -7). The mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis pathway is regulated by Bcl-2 family proteins, including proapoptotic (Bid, Bax, Bak) and antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL).

Abnormalities in cell apoptosis can be a significant component of diseases such as cancer, autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, AIDS, ischemia, and neurode-generative diseases. These diseases may benefit from artificially inhibiting or activating apoptosis. A short list of potential methods of anti-apoptotic therapy includes stimulation of the IAP (inhibitors of apoptosis proteins) family of proteins, caspase inhibition, PARP (poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase) inhibition, stimulation of the PKB/Akt (protein kinase B) pathway, and inhibition of Bcl-2 proteins.

Ferroptosis and necroptosis are recently recognized forms of regulated cell death that differs considerably from apoptosis. Misregulated ferroptosis or necroptosis have also been implicated in multiple physiological and pathological processes, including cancer cell death, neurotoxicity, neurodegenerative diseases, etc.

References:
[1] Susan Elmore. Toxicol Pathol. 2007; 35(4): 495–516.
[2] Cao L, et al. J Cell Death. 2016 Dec 29;9:19-29.
[3] Dasgupta A, et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Jan; 18(1): 23.
[4] Xie Y, et al. Cell Death Differ. 2016 Mar;23(3):369-79.


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ABBV-467

ABBV-467 is a selective MCL-1 inhibitor (Ki: <0.01 nM). ABBV-467 induces apoptosis. ABBV-467 induces cancer cell death and inhibits tumor growth in models of hematological malignancies, such as multiple myeloma[1].

  • CAS Number: 2287186-66-5
  • MF: C53H51Cl2FN6O9S
  • MW: 1037.98
  • Catalog: Bcl-2 Family
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Methyl γ-linolenate

γ-Linolenic Acid methyl ester (Methyl GLA) is an esterified version of γ-Linolenic Acid (GLA), which is an ω-6 fatty acid, serves as melanoma cell proliferation inhibitors. γ-Linolenic Acid methyl ester inhibits ADP-induced blood platelet aggregation and induces apoptosis[1][2][3][4][5].

  • CAS Number: 16326-32-2
  • MF: C19H32O2
  • MW: 292.456
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 0.9±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 385.4±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 101.5±23.2 °C

RIP2 Kinase Inhibitor 3

RIP2 Kinase Inhibitor 3 is a highly potent and selective inhibitor of receptor interacting protein-2 (RIP2) Kinase with an IC50 of 1 nM [1].

  • CAS Number: 1398053-50-3
  • MF: C19H24N4O3S
  • MW: 388.48
  • Catalog: RIP kinase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Levopimaric acid

Levopimaric acid is a type of diterpene resin acid produced by plants. Levopimaric acid induces cancer cell apoptosis and has anticancer, antioxidant, antibacterial and cardiovascular activities[1].

  • CAS Number: 79-54-9
  • MF: C20H30O2
  • MW: 302.45100
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: 1.06g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 429.4ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 204.6ºC

PROTAC AR-V7 degrader-2

PROTAC AR-V7 degrader-2 is an AR-based PROTAC. PROTAC AR-V7 degrader-2 inhibits CaP cellular proliferation by degrading AR-V7 and AR-FL. PROTAC AR-V7 degrader-2 induces apoptosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 2488296-74-6
  • MF: C43H53F2N7O7S2
  • MW: 882.05
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Tricin 7-O-glucoside

Tricin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside is a potent and orally active neuroprotective agent. Tricin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside induces Apoptosis. Tricin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside decreases the expression of TNF-α induced phosphor-κB-α, phosphor-NF-κB, HMGB1[1].

  • CAS Number: 32769-01-0
  • MF: C23H24O12
  • MW: 492.43
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Deferiprone-d3

Deferiprone-d3 is the deuterium labeled Deferiprone. Deferiprone is the only orally active iron-chelating drug to be used therapeutically in conditions of transfusional iron overload[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 1346601-82-8
  • MF: C7H6D3NO2
  • MW: 142.170
  • Catalog: HCV
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 232.7±40.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 94.5±27.3 °C

Idarubicin

Idarubicin is an orally active and potent anthracycline antileukemic agent. Idarubicin inhibits the topoisomerase II interfering with the replication of DNA and RNA transcription. Idarubicin shows induction of DNA damage. Idarubicin inhibits DNA synthesis and of c-myc expression. Idarubicin inhibits the growth of bacteria and yeasts[1][2][3][4][5].

  • CAS Number: 58957-92-9
  • MF: C26H27NO9
  • MW: 497.494
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: 1.6±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 725.4±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 392.5±32.9 °C

MDM2-IN-21

MDM2-IN-21 is a potent MDM2 inhibitor. MDM2-IN-21 can be used for the research of cancer[1].

  • CAS Number: 939981-88-1
  • MF: C34H40Cl2N4O2
  • MW: 607.61
  • Catalog: MDM-2/p53
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

PROTAC EGFR degrader 6

PROTAC EGFR degrader 6 (Compound 2), a PROTAC EGFR degrader, potently degrades EGFRDel19 in HCC827 cells with the DC50 of 45.2 nM. PROTAC EGFR degrader 6 significantly induces the apoptosis of HCC827 cells and arrest the cells in G1 phase[1].

  • CAS Number: 2409793-28-6
  • MF: C49H57FN12O5
  • MW: 913.05
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Ferrostatin-1

Ferrostatin-1 is a potent inhibitor of ferroptosis with an EC50 of 60 nM.

  • CAS Number: 347174-05-4
  • MF: C15H22N2O2
  • MW: 262.347
  • Catalog: Ferroptosis
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 437.3±35.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 218.3±25.9 °C

Kumatakenin

Kumatakenin, a flavonoid that is isolated from cloves shows the effect of inducing apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 3301-49-3
  • MF: C17H14O6
  • MW: 314.289
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 578.4±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 217.4±23.6 °C

Anti-inflammatory agent 47

Flo8 is a potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compound. Flo8 inhibits the release of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) and suppresses neuronal apoptotic by inhibiting inflammatory and apoptotic signaling pathways. Flo8 can be used for Parkinson's Disease (PD) research[1].

  • CAS Number: 2925288-12-4
  • MF: C25H18N2O3
  • MW: 394.42
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

12-methyl Tridecanoic Acid methyl ester

Methyl 12-methyltridecanoate ((R)-betaxolol hydrochloride) is a biosurfactant extracted from Brevibacterium casei LS14.Methyl 12-methyltridecanoate provides a novel approach for functionalizing the silver nanoparticles higher biocompatibility in vivo environmental[1].

  • CAS Number: 5129-58-8
  • MF: C15H30O2
  • MW: 242.40
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 0.865 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 281.3ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 125ºC

Ferroptosis-IN-5

Ferroptosis-IN-5 (compound 9c) is a ferroptosis inhibitor with iron-chelating and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities[1].

  • CAS Number: 2991058-60-5
  • MF: C15H13FN2O3
  • MW: 288.27
  • Catalog: Ferroptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

OTS964

OTS964 is an orally active, high affinity and selective TOPK inhibitor with an IC50 of 28 nM[1]. OTS964 is also a potent inhibitor of the cyclin-dependent kinase CDK11, which binds to CDK11B with a Kd of 40 nM[2].

  • CAS Number: 1338542-14-5
  • MF: C23H24N2O2S
  • MW: 392.51
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Pifithrin-α hydrobromide

Pifithrin-α hydrobromide is a p53 inhibitor which blocks its transcriptional activity and prevents cells from apoptosis.

  • CAS Number: 63208-82-2
  • MF: C16H19BrN2OS
  • MW: 367.304
  • Catalog: MDM-2/p53
  • Density: 1.28g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 456.8ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 192.1-192.5ºC(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 230.1ºC

Tubulin polymerization-IN-17

Tubulin polymerization-IN-17 (compound 23g) is a potent inhibitor of tubulin polymerization. Tubulin polymerization-IN-17 exhibits tubulin depolymerization and induced cell apoptosis and inhibits migration. Tubulin polymerization-IN-17 has the potential for the research of cancer diseases[1].

  • CAS Number: 2454175-89-2
  • MF: C26H23NO5
  • MW: 429.46
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

MK0731

MK-0731 is a selective, non-competitive and allosteric kinesin spindle protein (KSP) inhibitor with an IC50 of 2.2 nM and a pKa of 7.6. MK-0731 is >20,000 fold selectivity against other kinesins. MK-0731 induces mitotic arrest and induces apoptosis in tumors. MK-0731 provides significant antitumor efficacy[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 845256-65-7
  • MF: C25H28F3N3O2
  • MW: 459.504
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 590.5±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 310.9±30.1 °C

3-(3-(3,6-dichloro-9H-carbazol-9-yl)-2-hydroxypropyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione

10074-A4 is a c-Myc inhibitor. 10074-A4 could bind to c-Myc370-409 at different sites along the peptide chain. 10074-A4 has anticancer effects[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 312631-87-1
  • MF: C18H14Cl2N2O3S
  • MW: 409.28600
  • Catalog: c-Myc
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

S-Gem

S-Gem is a TrxR-dependent prodrug of Gemcitabine (HY-17026) and selectively activated by TrxR. S-Gem shows less cytotoxicity compared to Gemcitabine[1].

  • CAS Number: 2169925-98-6
  • MF: C13H15F2N3O6S2
  • MW: 411.40
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Tumor Targeted Pro-Apoptotic Peptide trifluoroacetate salt

Tumor targeted pro-apoptotic peptide (CNGRC-GG-D(KLAKLAK)2) is an anti-tumor peptide. Tumor targeted pro-apoptotic peptide disrupts mitochondrial membranes and promotes apoptosis, showing anticancer activity in mice[1].

  • CAS Number: 1926163-30-5
  • MF: C94H174N32O22S2
  • MW: 2168.75
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Theophylline monohydrate

Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) monohydrate is a potent phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, adenosine receptor antagonist, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activator. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) monohydrate inhibits PDE3 activity to relax airway smooth muscle. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) monohydrate has anti-inflammatory activity by increase IL-10 and inhibit NF-κB into the nucleus. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) monohydrate induces apoptosis. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) monohydrate can be used for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) research[1][2][3][4][5].

  • CAS Number: 5967-84-0
  • MF: C7H10N4O3
  • MW: 198.17900
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 454.1ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 270-274°C
  • Flash Point: N/A

JKE-1716

JKE-1716 is a potent and selective nitrolic acid-containing GPX4 inhibitor. JKE-1716 is able of inducing ferroptosis selectively through covalent GPX4 inhibition[1].

  • CAS Number: 2421118-05-8
  • MF: C20H20Cl2N4O4
  • MW: 451.303
  • Catalog: Ferroptosis
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 641.1±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 341.5±34.3 °C

Baceridin

Baceridin is a proteasome inhibitor and a cyclic hexapeptide. Baceridin can be isolated from the culture medium of Epiphytic Bacillus. Baceridin can inhibit cell cycle progression and induce tumor cell apoptosis through a p53-independent pathway. Baceridin can be used in cancer research[1].

  • CAS Number: 1622872-91-6
  • MF: C37H57N7O6
  • MW: 695.9
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Indinavir sulfate ethanolate

Indinavir sulfate ethanolate (MK-639 ethanolate) is an orally active and selective HIV-1 protease inhibitor with a Ki of 0.54 nM for PR. Indinavir sulfate ethanolate exhibits anticancer activity by inhibiting the activation of MMPs-2 hydrolysis, anti-angiogenesis and inducing apoptosis. Indinavir sulfate ethanolate is also a SARS-CoV 3CLpro inhibitor[1][2][3][4].

  • CAS Number: 2563866-80-6
  • MF: C38H55N5O9S
  • MW: 757.94
  • Catalog: HIV
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

HDAC-IN-63

HDAC-IN-63 (Compound 63) is a dual FLT3/HDAC inhibitor (IC50: 0.844 and 30.0 nM for FLT3 and HDAC1 respectively). HDAC-IN-63 inhibits MV4-11 cell proliferation (IC50: 92 nM. HDAC-IN-63 induces apoptosis and arrests cell cycle in MV4-11 cells. HDAC-IN-63 can be used for research of acute myeloid leukemia (AML)[1].

  • CAS Number: 2920046-95-1
  • MF: C25H26Cl2N6O3
  • MW: 529.42
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Isolinderalactone

Isolinderalactone suppresses human glioblastoma growth and angiogenic activity through the inhibition of VEGFR2 activation in endothelial cells[1]. Isolinderalactone suppresses the expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), survi

  • CAS Number: 957-66-4
  • MF: C15H16O3
  • MW: 244.29
  • Catalog: Bcl-2 Family
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

CDC801

CDC801 is a potent and orally active phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inhibitor with IC50 of 1.1 μM and 2.5 μM, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 192819-27-5
  • MF: C23H24N2O5
  • MW: 408.45
  • Catalog: TNF Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

CZL55

CZL55 is a caspase-1 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 24 nM. CZL55 can be used for the research of febrile seizures (FS)[1].

  • CAS Number: 667408-87-9
  • MF: C20H22N2O6
  • MW: 386.40
  • Catalog: Caspase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A