Cell apoptosis, sometimes called programmed cell death, is a cellular self-destruction method to remove old and damaged cells during development and aging to protect cells from external disturbances and maintain homeostasis. Apoptosis also occurs as a defense mechanism such as in immune reactions or when cells are damaged by disease or noxious agents.

Apoptosis is controlled by many genes and involves two fundamental pathways: the extrinsic pathway, which transmits death signals by the death receptor (DR), and the intrinsic or mitochondrial pathway. The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is activated by the binding of the death ligand to DRs, including FasL, TNF-α, and TRAIL, on the plasma membrane. The DR, adaptor protein (FADD), and associated apoptosis signaling molecule (caspase-8) form the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), thus leading to the activation of the effector caspase cascade (caspase-3, -6, and -7). The mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis pathway is regulated by Bcl-2 family proteins, including proapoptotic (Bid, Bax, Bak) and antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL).

Abnormalities in cell apoptosis can be a significant component of diseases such as cancer, autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, AIDS, ischemia, and neurode-generative diseases. These diseases may benefit from artificially inhibiting or activating apoptosis. A short list of potential methods of anti-apoptotic therapy includes stimulation of the IAP (inhibitors of apoptosis proteins) family of proteins, caspase inhibition, PARP (poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase) inhibition, stimulation of the PKB/Akt (protein kinase B) pathway, and inhibition of Bcl-2 proteins.

Ferroptosis and necroptosis are recently recognized forms of regulated cell death that differs considerably from apoptosis. Misregulated ferroptosis or necroptosis have also been implicated in multiple physiological and pathological processes, including cancer cell death, neurotoxicity, neurodegenerative diseases, etc.

References:
[1] Susan Elmore. Toxicol Pathol. 2007; 35(4): 495–516.
[2] Cao L, et al. J Cell Death. 2016 Dec 29;9:19-29.
[3] Dasgupta A, et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Jan; 18(1): 23.
[4] Xie Y, et al. Cell Death Differ. 2016 Mar;23(3):369-79.


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15-PGDH 5 alpha Reductase 5-Lipoxygenase Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Acyltransferase Adenosine Deaminase Adenosine Kinase Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Aldose Reductase Aminopeptidase Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) ATGL ATP Citrate Lyase Carbonic Anhydrase Carboxypeptidase Cathepsin CETP COMT Cytochrome P450 Dipeptidyl Peptidase Dopamine β-hydroxylase E1/E2/E3 Enzyme Elastase Enolase FAAH FABP Factor Xa Farnesyl Transferase Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) FXR Glucokinase GSNOR Gutathione S-transferase HCV Protease Hexokinase HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase HIV Integrase HIV Protease HMG-CoA Reductase (HMGCR) HSP Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) Lactate Dehydrogenase LXR MAGL Mineralocorticoid Receptor Mitochondrial Metabolism MMP Nampt NEDD8-activating Enzyme Neprilysin PAI-1 PDHK PGC-1α Phosphatase Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Phospholipase Procollagen C Proteinase Proteasome Pyruvate Kinase RAR/RXR Renin ROR Ser/Thr Protease SGK Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) Thrombin Tryptophan Hydroxylase Tyrosinase Xanthine Oxidase
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Myricetin

Myricetin is a common plant-derived flavonoid with a wide range of activities including strong anti-oxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activities.

  • CAS Number: 529-44-2
  • MF: C15H10O8
  • MW: 318.235
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.9±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 747.6±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: >300 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 285.9±26.4 °C

Argipressin Acetate

Argipressin (Arg8-vasopressin) (acetate) binds to the V1, V2, V3-vascular arginine vasopressin receptor, with a Kd value of 1.31 nM in A7r5 rat aortic smooth muscle cells for V1[1][2][3][4].

  • CAS Number: 129979-57-3
  • MF: C48H69N15O14S2
  • MW: 1144.28000
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

FPA 124

FPA-124, a cell-permeable copper complex, is a selective Akt inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.1 μM. FPA-124 interacts with both the pleckstrin homology (PH) and the kinase domains of Akt. FPA-124 induces apoptosis[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 902779-59-3
  • MF: C11H9Cl2CuN3O2S
  • MW: 381.72500
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

stephanine

Stephanine ((-)-Stephanine) is an isoquinoline aporphine-type alkaloid. Stephanine induce apoptosis through the reverse of mitotic exit. Stephanine exhibits Antiplasmodial activity. Stephanine can be used for the research of stomach pain, abdominal pain, arthritis and cancer[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 517-63-5
  • MF: C19H19NO3
  • MW: 309.36
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 463.6±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 140.4±25.9 °C

Actinomycin D

Actinomycin D inhibits DNA repair with an IC50 of 0.42 μM.

  • CAS Number: 50-76-0
  • MF: C62H86N12O16
  • MW: 1255.417
  • Catalog: Bacterial
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 1386.0±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 251-253 °C
  • Flash Point: 792.1±34.3 °C

DT2216

DT2216 is a selective B-cell lymphoma extra large (BCL-XL) proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC). DT2216 targets BCL-XL to the Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) E3 ligase for degradation. DT2216 inhibits various BCL-XL-dependent leukemia and cancer cells but considerably less toxic to platelets[1].

  • CAS Number: 2365172-42-3
  • MF: C77H96ClF3N10O10S4
  • MW: 1542.36
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

D-Mannitol-d2

D-Mannitol-d2 is the deuterium labeled D-Mannitol.

  • CAS Number: 2649096-16-0
  • MF: C6H12D2O6
  • MW: 184.18
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

LYN-1604 dihydrochloride

LYN-1604 dihydrochloride is a potent UNC-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) activator (EC50=18.94 nM) for the research of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC)[1].

  • CAS Number: 2310109-38-5
  • MF: C33H45Cl4N3O2
  • MW: 657.54
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Nortrachelogenin

Nortrachelogenin ((-)-Wikstromol) from Partrinia scabiosaefolia elicits an apoptotic response in Candida albicans[1].

  • CAS Number: 34444-37-6
  • MF: C20H22O7
  • MW: 374.384
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 609.2±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 217.3±23.6 °C

LY5

LY5 is a STAT3 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.5 μM. LY5 induces Apoptosis and inhibits STAT3 phosphorylation. LY5 shows antitumor activity in vivo, it can be used for the research of cancer[1].

  • CAS Number: 1436382-03-4
  • MF: C15H11N3O4S
  • MW: 329.331
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.6±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 635.6±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 338.2±34.3 °C

CDK9-IN-18

CDK9-IN-18 is a potent CDK9 inhibitor. CDK9-IN-18 blocks the phosphorylation function of kinase CDK9. CDK9-IN-18 exhibits both good anticancer activity and low cellular activity. CDK9-IN-18 induces apoptosis.

  • CAS Number: 1804127-83-0
  • MF: C27H20N8O
  • MW: 472.50
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

PD 180970

PD180970 is a highly potent and ATP-competitive p210Bcr-Abl kinase inhibitor, with an IC50 of 5 nM for inhibiting the autophosphorylation of p210Bcr-Abl. PD180970 also inhibits Src and KIT kinase with IC50s of 0.8 nM and 50 nM, respectively. PD180970 indcues apoptosis of K562 leukemic cells, and can be used for chronic myelogenous leukemia research[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 287204-45-9
  • MF: C21H15Cl2FN4O
  • MW: 429.27400
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

PLK1/BRD4-IN-1

PLK1/BRD4-IN-1 (9b) is an orally active dual PLK1 and BRD4 inhibitor with IC50 values of 22 nM and 109 nM against PLK1 and BRD4, respectively. PLK1/BRD4-IN-1 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, downregulates the transcription of several proliferation-related oncogenes, and exhibits favorable in vivo antitumor activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 2412707-81-2
  • MF: C31H43N9O2
  • MW: 573.73
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Ginsenoside Rh4

Ginsenoside Rh4 is a rare saponin obtained from Panax notoginseng. Ginsenoside Rh4 activates Bax, caspase 3, caspase 8, and caspase 9. Ginsenoside Rh4 also induces autophagy.

  • CAS Number: 174721-08-5
  • MF: C36H60O8
  • MW: 620.857
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 723.4±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 391.3±32.9 °C

BJE6-106

BJE6-106 (B106) is a potent, selective 3rd generation PKCδ inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.05 μM and targets selectivity over classical PKC isozyme PKCα (IC50=50 μM). BJE6-106 (B106) induces caspase-dependent apoptosis. BJE6-106 (B106) possesses tumor-specific effect.

  • CAS Number: 1564249-38-2
  • MF: C26H23NO2
  • MW: 381.47
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

XIAP BIR2/BIR2-3 inhibitor-3

XIAP BIR2/BIR2-3 inhibitor-3 is a dual inhibitor of BIR2 and BIR2-3 with IC50s less than 1 nM. XIAP BIR2/BIR2-3 inhibitor-3 can used in study cancers[1].

  • CAS Number: 1434125-52-6
  • MF: C86H106N18O16S2
  • MW: 1712.00
  • Catalog: IAP
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

NTU281

NTU281 is a potent transglutaminase-2 inhibitor. NTU281 can reduce the increases in serum creatinine and albuminuria in diabetic rats. NTU281 can also reduce glomerular collagen I accumulation, Hic-5 and α-SMA expression, and apoptosis. NTU281 can be used for researching glomerulosclerosis caused by diabetes[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 815619-12-6
  • MF: C25H31N2O6S+
  • MW: 487.59
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

EGFR-IN-56

EGFR-IN-56 (Compound 13a) is a potent EGFR inhibitor with IC50 values of 541.7 nM and 132.1 nM against EGFRT790M and EGFRT790M/L858R, respectively. EGFR-IN-56 blocks cancer cells in G2/M phase and induce into late apoptosis[1].

  • CAS Number: 2477726-83-1
  • MF: C23H22N4O3S
  • MW: 434.51
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

ZZW-115 hydrochloride

ZZW-115 hydrochloride is a potent NUPR1 inhibitor, with a Kd of 2.1 μM. ZZW-115 hydrochloride induces tumor cell death by necroptosis and apoptosis. Anticancer activity[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 10122-45-9
  • MF: C24H34Cl3F3N4S
  • MW: 573.97
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

7H-Benzimidazo[2,1-a]benzo[de]isoquinolin-7-one

AHR agonist 3 is an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist, that can induces cell cycle arrest or apoptosis via activation of tumor-suppressive transcriptional programs. AHR agonist 3 inhibits triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) stem cell growth via AhR while exhibits minimal cytotoxicity against normal human primary cells and can be used for cancer research[1].

  • CAS Number: 23749-58-8
  • MF: C18H10N2O
  • MW: 270.28
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.4g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 613.6ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 324.9ºC

AM-8735

AM-8735 is a potent and selective MDM2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 25 nM.

  • CAS Number: 1429386-01-5
  • MF: C27H31Cl2NO6S
  • MW: 568.51
  • Catalog: MDM-2/p53
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Diclofenac-13C6

Diclofenac-13C6 is the 13C6 labeled Diclofenac. Diclofenac is a potent and nonselective anti-inflammatory agent, acts as a COX inhibitor, with IC50s of 4 and 1.3 nM for human COX-1 and COX-2 in CHO cells, and 5.1 and 0.84 μM for ovine COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Diclofenac induces apoptosis of neural stem cells (NSCs) via the activation of the caspase cascade.

  • CAS Number: 1261393-71-8
  • MF: C813C6H11Cl2NO2
  • MW: 302.10
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Fenoldopam hydrochloride

Fenoldopam (SKF 82526) hydrochloride is a D1 receptor agonist and a novel lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) inhibitor (IC50=0.8974 μM). Fenoldopam hydrochloride shows anti-hypertensive effects, anti-cancer cell proliferation activity and can induce cells apoptosis[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 181217-39-0
  • MF: C16H17Cl2NO3
  • MW: 342.22
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Kaurane-3,16,17-triol

ent-Kaurane-3α,16β,17-triol (Compound 3) is an anticancer agent. ent-Kaurane-3α,16β,17-triol induces apoptosis in HCT116 cells[1].

  • CAS Number: 130855-22-0
  • MF: C20H34O3
  • MW: 322.48
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 461.6±40.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 207.1±21.9 °C

Aza197

AZA197 is a selective small molecule inhibitor of Cdc42.AZA197 suppresses colon cancer cell proliferation, cell migration, invasion and increases apoptosis by down-regulating the PAK1 and ERK signaling pathways in vitro. AZA197 reduces tumor growth and significantly increases mouse survival in SW620 tumor xenografts[1].

  • CAS Number: 1249398-09-1
  • MF: C24H36N6
  • MW: 408.58
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

ZLDI-8

ZLDI-8 (IAC-8) is a novel Notch signaling pathway inhibitor for Notch activating/cleaving enzyme ADAM-17, significantly decreases the level of NICD and accumulation of NICD in the nucleus; exhibits cytotoxic acitviity against MHCC97-H cells with IC50 of 5.32 uM, reduces the expression of pro-survival/anti-apoptosis regulators, Survivin and cIAP1/2, also increases the expression of epithelial marker E-Cadherin and reduces mesenchymal markers N-Cadherin and Vimentin in HCC cells; significantly disrupted the activity of Notch pathway in HCC cells and inhibits the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process of HCC cells; ZLDI-8 treatment enhances the susceptibility of HCC cells to Sorafenib, Etoposide, and Paclitaxel both in vitro and in vivo.

  • CAS Number: 667880-38-8
  • MF: C24H23N3O3S
  • MW: 433.523
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

BRD 0476

BRD 0476 (ML187) is a selective, moderate inhibitor of ubiquitin-specific peptidase 9X (USP9X), inhibits pancreatic β-cell apoptosis that inhibits IFN-γ-induced JAK2 and STAT1 signaling to promote β-cell survival; does not has kinase inhibitory activity, and no effect no effect on JAK1, JAK2, or JAK3 activities, and the deubiquitinase ubiquitin-specific peptidase 9X (USP9X) is an intracellular target of BRD0476.

  • CAS Number: 1314958-91-2
  • MF: C35H38N4O8S
  • MW: 674.769
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Isoangustone A

Isoangustone A is an anticancer and anti-inflammatory agent. Isoangustone A induces cancer cells apoptosis and autophagic cell death[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 129280-34-8
  • MF: C25H26O6
  • MW: 422.47
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 668.1±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 229.0±25.0 °C

TAS-102

Trifluridine-tipiracil hydrochloride mixture (TAS-102) is a novel oral combination drug that consists of an antineoplastic thymidine-based nucleoside analog, trifluorothymidine, and a potent thymidine phosphorylase inhibitor, tipiracil, in a 1:0.5 molar ratio.

  • CAS Number: 733030-01-8
  • MF: C10H11F3N2O5.1/2C9H11ClN4O2.1/2HCl
  • MW: 435.76
  • Catalog: Thymidylate Synthase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Gallic acid hydrate

Gallic acid (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid) hydrate is a natural polyhydroxyphenolic compound and an free radical scavenger to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)[1]. Gallic acid hydrate has various activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticance activities[2].

  • CAS Number: 5995-86-8
  • MF: C7H8O6
  • MW: 188.135
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.694
  • Boiling Point: 596.6ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 252 °C (dec.)(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 250 °C