A dye is a colored substance that has an affinity to the substrate to which it is being applied.

A new approach is presented for analysis of microplastics in environmental samples, based on selective fluorescent staining using Nile Red (NR), followed by density-based extraction and filtration. The dye adsorbs onto plastic surfaces and renders them fluorescent when irradiated with blue light. Fluorescence emission is detected using simple photography through an orange filter. Image-analysis allows fluorescent particles to be identified and counted. Magnified images can be recorded and tiled to cover the whole filter area, allowing particles down to a few micrometres to be detected. The solvatochromic nature of Nile Red also offers the possibility of plastic categorisation based on surface polarity characteristics of identified particles. This article details the development of this staining method and its initial cross-validation by comparison with infrared (IR) microscopy. Microplastics of different sizes could be detected and counted in marine sediment samples. The fluorescence staining identified the same particles as those found by scanning a filter area with IR-microscopy.

Cyanine dyes can be used to quantify the amount of dsDNA within a sample. The linearity of fluorescence, as function of DNA amount of six dyes, is obtained by measuring the fluorescence intensity at the optimal excitation and emission maxima.


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BCECF

BCECF is a duorescent dye with λexcitation of 420~520 nm and λemission of 530 nm.

  • CAS Number: 85138-49-4
  • MF: C27H20O11
  • MW: 520.44100
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: 1.67g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 936.2ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 318.2ºC

Hoechst 33342 analog 2

Hoechst 33342 analog 2 is an anglog of Hoechst 33342, which is a DNA minor groove binder used fluorochrome for visualizing cellular DNA.

  • CAS Number: 106050-84-4
  • MF: C25H23IN6O
  • MW: 550.39400
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

CUG

CUG (3-Carboxyumbelliferyl-β-D-galactopyranoside) is a fluorogenic substrate (λex=386, λem=445 nm, ε=32K).

  • CAS Number: 64664-99-9
  • MF: C16H16O10
  • MW: 368.29200
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: 1.718g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 699.497ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 186-190ºC(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 259.686ºC

6-Carboxytetramethylrhodamine

Tetramethylrhodamine (TMR, TRITC) has been a widely used fluorophore for preparing bioconjugates, especially fluorescent antibody and avidin derivatives used in immunochemistry. Under the name TAMRA, the carboxylic acid of 6-TAMRA has also achieved prominence as a dye for oligonucleotide labeling and automated DNA sequencing applications.

  • CAS Number: 91809-67-5
  • MF: C25H22N2O5
  • MW: 430.453
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: NA
  • Flash Point: N/A

Brilliant Blue FCF

Brilliant Blue FCF has the appearance of a reddish-blue powder. It is soluble in water, and the solution has a maximum absorption at about 628 nanometers. It is a synthetic dye produced using aromatic hydrocarbons from petroleum, is a colorant for foods and other substances.

  • CAS Number: 3844-45-9
  • MF: C37H34N2Na2O9S3
  • MW: 792.848
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 283 °C (dec.)(lit.)
  • Flash Point: N/A

Dansyl chloride

Dansyl chloride is a reagent that reacts with primary amino groups in both aliphatic and aromatic amines to produce stable blue- or blue-green-fluorescent sulfonamide adducts. Dansyl chloride is widely used to modify amino acids; specifically, protein sequencing and amino acid analysis. It can also be used to label hydroxyl and carboxylic acid functional groups.

  • CAS Number: 605-65-2
  • MF: C12H12ClNO2S
  • MW: 269.747
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 371.3±22.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 72-74 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 178.4±22.3 °C

5-TAMRA

The amine-reactive 5-TAMRA, SE and its conjugates yield bright, pH-insensitive orange-red fluorescence (approximate excitation/emission maxima ~546/579) with good photostability.

  • CAS Number: 91809-66-4
  • MF: C25H22N2O5
  • MW: 430.453
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

HOECHST 34580

Hoechst 34580 is a cell-permeable fluorescent dye for staining DNA and nuclei.

  • CAS Number: 23555-00-2
  • MF: C27H29N7
  • MW: 451.57
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Sudan III

Sudan III is a lysochrome (fat-soluble dye) diazo dye.

  • CAS Number: 85-86-9
  • MF: C22H16N4O
  • MW: 352.389
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 584.6±35.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 199 °C (dec.)(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 398.1±15.2 °C

X-Gluc (Dicyclohexylamine)

X-Gluc Dicyclohexylamine is used as a reagent to detect β-glucuronidase, an enzyme produced by the E. Coli bacterium; is widely used in molecular biology experiments to mark and select the expression of target genes (GUS reporter system).

  • CAS Number: 18656-96-7
  • MF: C26H36BrClN2O7
  • MW: 603.93
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 736.7ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: 249 °C
  • Flash Point: 399.3ºC

Thioflavine S

Thioflavine S is a fluorescent histochemical marker of dense core senile plaques.

  • CAS Number: 1326-12-1
  • MF: C17H19ClN2S
  • MW: 318.864
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

ci 52000

Thionin (acetate) is a metachromic cationic histology dye used in biological staining widely.

  • CAS Number: 78338-22-4
  • MF: C14H13N3O2S
  • MW: 287.33700
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: 0.82 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
  • Boiling Point: 116-117 °C(lit.)
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 46 °F

Rhod-2 AM

Rhod-2 AM is a fluorescent, mitochondrial probe (λex=552 nm, λem=581 nm).

  • CAS Number: 129787-64-0
  • MF: C51H57BrN4O19
  • MW: 1109.92
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Ac-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-AMC ammonium salt

Ac-DEVD-AMC is the Caspase-3 substrate. Sequence: N-Acetyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-7-amido-4-Methylcoumarin.

  • CAS Number: 169332-61-0
  • MF: C30H37N5O13
  • MW: 675.641
  • Catalog: Peptides
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 1200.1±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 679.6±34.3 °C

Mast Cell Degranulating (MCD) Peptide

Phalloidin is a mushroom-derived toxin which can be used to label F-actin of the cytoskeleton with fluorochrome(λex=495 nm, λem=520 nm). Sequence: Ala-{d-Thr}-Cys-{Hyp}-Ala-Trp-Leu (Disulfide bridge: Cys3-Cys6);A-{d-Thr}-C-{Hyp}-AWL (Disulfide bridge: Cys3-Cys6).

  • CAS Number: 17466-45-4
  • MF: C35H48N8O11S
  • MW: 788.86800
  • Catalog: Peptides
  • Density: 1.51g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 1370.5ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 782.6ºC

1,8-Diazafluoran-9-one

DFO (9H-1,8-Diazafluoren-9-one) is a chemical that is used to find fingerprints on porous surfaces.

  • CAS Number: 54078-29-4
  • MF: C11H6N2O
  • MW: 182.178
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 396.3±17.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 229-233ºC
  • Flash Point: 196.1±27.4 °C

TMA-DPH

TMA-DPH is a hydrophobic fluorescent membrane probe.

  • CAS Number: 115534-33-3
  • MF: C28H31NO3S
  • MW: 461.61600
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 237ºC (dec.)(lit.)
  • Flash Point: N/A

Luciferase

Luciferase from Vibrio fischeri has also been used in a study to investigate the sensitivity of dark mutants of various strains of luminescent bacteria to reactive oxygen species.

  • CAS Number: 9014-00-0
  • MF: C14H17NO6
  • MW: 213.2304
  • Catalog: Peptides
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

7-Aminoactinomycin D

7-Aminoactinomycin D is a fluorescent DNA stain.

  • CAS Number: 7240-37-1
  • MF: C62H87N13O16
  • MW: 1270.432
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 1400.8±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 801.0±34.3 °C

Calcein tetraethyl ester

Calcein tetraethyl ester is a fluorescent dye, is used in biology as it can be transported through the cellular membrane into live cells, which makes it useful for testing of cell viability and for short-term labeling of cells.

  • CAS Number: 1170856-93-5
  • MF: C38H42N2O13
  • MW: 734.746
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 825.4±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 453.0±34.3 °C

H-Gly-Pro-pNA · p-tosylate

GPDA(Glycylproline p-nitroanilide tosylate) is the substarate of X-Prolyl dipeptidyl-aminopeptidase in the enzyme assay.

  • CAS Number: 65096-46-0
  • MF: C20H24N4O7S
  • MW: 464.492
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 790.8ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 432.1ºC

Rhodamine 110

Rhodamine 110 is a xanthene dye similar to fluorescein and eosin.

  • CAS Number: 13558-31-1
  • MF: C20H15ClN2O3
  • MW: 366.798
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 629.3ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: >300 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 334.4ºC

6-Carboxyfluorescein

The single isomer, 6-FAM, contains a carboxylic acid that can be used to react with primary amines via carbodiimide activation of the carboxylic acid. Fluorescein is the most common fluorescent derivatization reagent for labeling biomolecules. In addition to its relatively high absorptivity, excellent fluorescence quantum yield, and good water solubility, fluorescein has an excitation maximum that closely matches the 488 nm spectral line of the argon-ion laser.

  • CAS Number: 3301-79-9
  • MF: C21H12O7
  • MW: 376.316
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: 1.7±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 736.4±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: >300 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 271.0±26.4 °C

Nile Red

Nile Red is a strongly fluorescent stain in the presence of a hydrophobic environment for the detection of intracellular lipid droplets.

  • CAS Number: 7385-67-3
  • MF: C20H18N2O2
  • MW: 318.369
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 484.7±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 203-205 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 246.9±28.7 °C

coumarin 151

7-Amino-4-(trifluoromethyl)coumarin (AFC, Coumarin 151) is a fluorescent marker for the sensitive detection of proteinases. The excitation and emission wavelengths are 400 and 490 nm, respectively.

  • CAS Number: 53518-15-3
  • MF: C10H6F3NO2
  • MW: 229.155
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 314.6±42.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 221-222 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 144.1±27.9 °C

JAK2 JH2 Tracer

JAK2 JH2 Tracer is a fluorescent probe for the JAK2 JH2 domain, with Kd of 0.2 μM.

  • CAS Number: 2101955-00-2
  • MF: C38H27F2N7O6S
  • MW: 747.73
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

DMA (hydrochloride)

DMA trihydrochloride is a fluorescent compound (λex=340 nm, λem=478 nm).

  • CAS Number: 2095832-33-8
  • MF: C27H31Cl3N6O2
  • MW: 577.93
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Disperse Blue 148

Disperse Blue 148 is the best high-temperature trichromatic blue azo dye.Target:Single-crystal structures of the best high-temperature trichromatic blue azo dye C.I. Disperse Blue 148 and its diazonium component 3-amino-5-nitro-[2,1]- benzisothiazole are described herein. C.I. Disperse Blue 148 exhibits an essentially coplanar molecular structure and a dimeric packing mode between adjacent phenyl and benzisothiazole rings. Particularly, PXRD measurement reveals the existence of a new crystalline form of C.I. Disperse Blue 148 having the highest melting point and the best thermal stability, which is obviously different from all the known α, β, and γ forms. [1]

  • CAS Number: 52239-04-0
  • MF: C19H19N5O4S
  • MW: 413.45000
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: 1.38g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 597.5ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 315.2ºC

Cy 3

Cy 3 is an orange-fluorescent label for protein and nucleic acid (λex=554, λem=568).

  • CAS Number: 146397-20-8
  • MF: C43H50N4O14S2
  • MW: 911.01
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Sulforhodamine 101

Sulforhodamine 101 is a red fluorescent dye.

  • CAS Number: 60311-02-6
  • MF: C31H30N2O7S2
  • MW: 606.70900
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: 1.1982 (rough estimate)
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A