KL001 is a cryptochrome protein (CRY) stabilizer which specifically interacts with CRY1 and CRY2. KL001 prevents ubiquitin-dependent degradation of CRY, resulting in lengthening of the circadian period. KL001 has the potential to control fasting hormone-induced gluconeogenesis[1][2].
Apelin-36(rat, mouse) is an endogenous orphan G protein-coupled receptor APJ agonist. Apelin-36(rat, mouse) binds to APJ receptors with an IC50 of 5.4 nM, and potently inhibits cAMP production with an EC50 of 0.52 nM. Apelin-36(rat, mouse) blocks entry of some HIV-1 and HIV-2 strains into NP-2/CD4 cells expressing APJ[1][2].
2-Acetamido-2,4-dideoxy-4-fluoro-α-D-glucopyranose (compound 13) is a hepatic glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis inhibitor[1].
AT-1002, a 6-mer synthetic peptide[1], is a tight junction regulator and absorption enhancer[2].
DL-alanine, an amino acid, is the racemic compound of L- and D-alanine. DL-alanine is employed both as a reducing and a capping agent, used with silver nitrate aqueous solutions for the production of nanoparticles. DL-alanine can be used for the research of transition metals chelation, such as Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(11). DL-alanine, a sweetener, is classed together with glycine, and sodium saccharin. DL-alanine plays a key role in the glucose-alanine cycle between tissues and liver[1][2][3][4][5][6].
(±)-Carnitine chloride exists in two isomers, known as D and L. L-carnitine plays an essential role in the β-oxidation of fatty acids and also shows antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities.
D5D-IN-326 is a selective, orally active delta-5 desaturase (D5D) inhibitor, with IC50s of 72 and 22 nM for rat and human D5D in enzymic and cell-based assays, respectively, has no effect on D6D or D9D activity. D5D-IN-326 reduces insulin resistance and decreases body weight in diet-induced obese C57BL/6J mice[1].
Acetyl-(D-Phe2,Lys15,Arg16,Leu27)-VIP (1-7)-GRF (8-27), a vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), is a VIP1 antagonist[1].
R-PSOP is highly potent and selective nonpeptidic NMUR2 antagonist. R-PSOP binds to NMUR2 with the Kis of 52 and 32 nM for the human and rat NMUR2, respectively. R-PSOP shows moderate CNS penetration. R-PSOP can be used for the research of the eating disorders, obesity, pain, and stress-related disorders[1].
Taurolithocholic Acid-d5 sodium salt is the deuterium labeled Taurolithocholic acid sodium salt. Taurolithocholic acid sodium salt, a potent cholestatic agent, is a potent Ca2+ agonist[1][2].
CCR4 antagonist 3 hydrochloride is an orally active, potent and selective CCR4 antagonist. CCR4 antagonist 3, featuring a novel piperidinyl-azetidine motif, has IC50s of 22 nM and 50 nM in the calcium flux and CTX assay. CCR4 antagonist 3 has antitumor activity[1].
Isomaltose is composed of two glucose units and suitable as a non-cariogenic sucrose replacement and is favorable in products for diabetics and prediabetic dispositions.
Lumiracoxib-d6 (COX-189-d6) is the deuterium labeled Lumiracoxib. Lumiracoxib is a potent,selective and orally active COX-2 inhibitor with a Ki value of 0.06 μM[1]. Lumiracoxib acts as a nonselective NSAID with anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities. Lumiracoxib can be used for osteoarthritis and bone cancer research[1][2].
DGAT-1 inhibitor 2 is an effective inhibitor of DGAT-1;antiobesity agents.IC50 value:Target: DGAT-1Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) is one of two known DGAT enzymes that catalyze the final step in triglyceride synthesis. Findings from genetically modified mice as well as pharmacological studies suggest that inhibition of DGAT1 is a promising strategy for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
α-Amylase-IN-3 (Compound 4) is a none-competitive type of α-Amylase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 18.04 μM, which also has radical scavenging activities (DPPH and ABTS) with IC50 values of 16.04 μM (DPPH) and 16.99 μM (ABTS), respectively. α-Amylase-IN-3 has good protein–ligand interactions profile against α-Amylase. α-Amylase-IN-3 may have pharmacological activities such as anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory inhibitory, which is helpful for the development of diabetes and oxidative stress associated disease[1].
1,11b-Dihydro-11b-hydroxymaackiain, a pterocarpane extract from the stems of Erycibe expansa, show a hepatoprotective effect[1].
4'-Hydroxyflavanone is an inhibitor of SREBP maturation and lipid synthesis. 4'-Hydroxyflavanone is a synthetic analogue of flavanone, has potential for hepatic steatosis and dyslipidemia research[1].
Meliasendanin D (Compound 4) is a lignin.Meliasendanin D is isolated from the natural Melia toosendan fruit. Meliasendanin D has antioxidant activity[1].
Lixisenatide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist that can be used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Sequence: His-Gly-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Leu-Ser-Lys-Gln-Met-Glu-Glu-Glu-Ala-Val-Arg-Leu-Phe-Ile-Glu-Trp-Leu-Lys-Asn-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser-Ser-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Ser-Lys-Lys-Lys-Lys-Lys-Lys-NH2.
MAGL-IN-5 is a non-selective lipase inhibitor with IC50 values of 144, 90, and 14 nM for human recombinant monoacylglycerol lipase(MAGL),hormone sensitive lipase(HSL), and fatty acid amide hydrolase(FAAH) respectively[1][2].
CTP inhibitor is a potent and selective CTP inhibitor. CTP inhibitor inhibits the plasma membrane citrate transporter (PMCT)[1].
11-oxo-mogroside V is a natural sweetener, isolated from the fruits of Momordica grosvenori, exhibits strong antioxidant activity. It exhibits significant inhibitory effects on reactive oxygen species (O2-, H2O2 and *OH) with EC50 of 4.79, 16.52, and 146.17 μg/mL, respectively.
NHE3-IN-3 (Compound 1) is a Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 3 (NHE3) inhibitor with pIC50 of 6.2 and 6.6 against human and rat NHE3, respectively. NHE3-IN-3 shows high (98%) oral bioavailability in Sprague–Dawley rats[1].
AMG-221 is an inhibitor of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) with a Ki of 12.8 nM in vitro biochemical scintillation proximity assay (SPA) and an IC50 of 10.1 nM in cell-based assays[1][2]. AMG-221 can be used for the research of type 2 diabetes[3].
Tubulin polymerization-IN-21 (compound 9a) is a tubulin polymerization inhibitor. Tubulin polymerization-IN-21 exhibits anti-cancer activity through disrupting cellular integrity and affecting glucose metabolism[1].
GS 389 ((±)-O,O-Dimethylcoclaurine) is a tetrahydroisoquinoline. GS-389 inhibites Cyclic AMP and cyclic AMP dependent phosphodiesterases from rat atrial and ventricular tissue. GS-389 relaxes the contraction induced by phenylephrine and high K+ in rat aortic rings[1].
Interiotherin A is a lignan with a dibenzocyclooctadiene skeleton isolated from Kadsura interior. Interiotherin A inhibits HIV replication to exhibit anti-HIV activity, it has a role as a metabolite and an anti-HIV agent[1].
Cazpaullone is a glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) inhibitor. Cazpaullone can activate pancreatic beta cell protection and replication. Cazpaullone can be used for the research of diabetes[1].
Pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile is an orally active prototypical and effective rodent-PXR activator. Pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile, a synthetic steroid, induces cytochrome P4503A expression. Pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile exhibits increased resistance to subsequent stressful insults[1][2][3].
Pioglitazone D4 (U 72107 D4) is a deuterium labeled Pioglitazone. Pioglitazone (U 72107) is a potent and selective PPARγ agonist with high affinity binding to the PPARγ ligand-binding domain with EC50 of 0.93 and 0.99 μM for human and mouse PPARγ, respectively[1].