3-Amino-2-methylpropanoic acid could induce browning of white fat and hepatic β-oxidation and is inversely correlated with cardiometabolic risk factors.
(E)-3-(4-Methoxyphenyl)acrylic acid (compound 3) is isolated from Arachis hypogaea, Scrophularia buergeriana Miquel, Aquilegia vulgaris, Anigozanthos preissii and so on. (E)-3-(4-Methoxyphenyl)acrylic acid shows significant hepatoprotective activity, anti-amnesic, cognition-enhancing activity, antihyperglycemic, and neuroprotective activities[1].
SR59230A hydrochloride is a potent, selective, and blood-brain barrier penetrating β3-adrenergic receptor antagonist[1] with IC50s of 40, 408, and 648 nM for β3, β1, and β2 receptors, respectively[2].
PTP1B-IN-22, a ZINC02765569 derivative, is a potent protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitor. PTP1B-IN-22 has PTP1B inhibition and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle L6 myotubes[1].
CCK-B Receptor Antagonist 2, compound 15b, is a potent and orally active Gastrin/CCK-B antagonist with an IC50 value of 0.43 nM. CCK-B Receptor Antagonist 2 also inhibits gastrin/CCK-A activity with an IC50 of 1.82 μM[1].
Ceramides Mixture is an endogenous ceramide and consists of hydroxy and non-hydroxy fatty acid-containing ceramides. Ceramides Mixture is a main lipid component of the permeability barrier in epidermis. Ceramides Mixture is involved in the regulation of growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest, and modulation of telomerase activity[1][2].
L-Tryptophan-d8 (Tryptophan-d8) is the deuterium labeled L-Tryptophan. L-Tryptophan (Tryptophan) is an essential amino acid that is the precursor of serotonin, melatonin, and vitamin B3[1].
DBPR108 is a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable dipeptide-derived inhibitor of DPP4 with IC50 of 15 nM; no inhibition on DDP8 and DPP9.IC50 value: 15 nM [1]Target: DPP4 inhibitorDBPR108 is an IC50=15 nM DPP IV inhibitor displays a more than 3000-fold selectivity over DPP8 DPP9, FAP and DPP-II. TThe in vivo effects of DBPR108, including inhibition of plasma DPP-IV activity and suppression of blood glucose elevation, were also demonstrated. DBPR108 is a potent, selective, long-acting and safe DPP-IV inhibitor as a potential treatment of type 2 diabetesmellitus.
Hispolon, a polyphenol, can be isolated from Phellinus linteus. Hispolon possesses anticancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antiviral, hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities[1].
2-Methylcitric acid (Methylcitric acid) is an endogenous metabolite in the 2-methylcitric acid cycle. 2-Methylcitric acid accumulates in methylmalonic and propionic acidemias and acts as a marker metabolite. 2-Methylcitric acid markedly inhibits ADP-stimulated and uncoupled respiration in mitochondria supported by glutamate[1].
L-Alanyl-L-glutamine, a glutamine dipeptide, is benefit for the antioxidant system, attenuating inflammation, and may modulate the heat shock protein (HSP) response in catabolic situations[1].
Lesogaberan (AZD-3355) napadisylate is a potent and selective GABAB receptor agonist with an EC50 of 8.6 nM for human recombinant GABAB receptors. Binding affinity (Kis) of 5.1 nM and 1.4 μM for rat brain GABAB and GABAA receptors, respectively[1].
Darglitazone (CP-86325), a thiazolidinedione, is a potent, selective, and orally active PPAR-γ agonist. Darglitazone is effective in controlling blood glucose and lipid metabolism, and can be used for type II diabetes research[1].
Nicotinamide riboside tartrate, an orally active NAD+ precursor, increases NAD+ levels and activates SIRT1 and SIRT3. Nicotinamide riboside tartrate is a source of vitamin B3 (niacin) and enhances oxidative metabolism, protection against high fat diet-induced metabolic abnormalities[1]. Nicotinamide riboside tartrate reduces cognitive deterioration in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease[2].
L-Carnitine-d9 chloride is the deuterium labeled L-Carnitine chloride. L-Carnitine chloride, a highly polar, small zwitterion, is an essential co-factor for the mitochondrial β-oxidation pathway. L-Carnitine chloride functions to transport long chain fatty acyl-CoAs into the mitochondria for degradation by β-oxidation. L-Carnitine chloride is an antioxidant. L-Carnitine chloride can ameliorate metabolic imbalances in many inborn errors of metabolism[1][2][3].
Omesdafexor is a FXR agonist. Omesdafexor can be used in the research of liver disease or a metabolic inflammation-mediated disease[1][2].
Enteropeptidase (TMPRSS15), a type II transmembrane serine protease and a physiological activator of trypsinogen. Enteropeptidase is associated with the brush border membrane (BBM) of the enterocytes in the upper small intestine. Trypsinogen is the primary substrate for Enteropeptidase. Enteropeptidase is involved in digestion in humans and animals[1].
GLP-1R agonist 10 (Compound 109a) is a GLP-1 agonist with an EC50 of 0.051 nM[1].
Katacalcin is a second potent plasma calcium-lowering peptide.
Lucerastat, the galactose form of Miglustat, is an orally-available inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthase (GCS). Lucerastat has the potential for Fabry disease study[1][2].
Zingerone (Vanillylacetone) is a nontoxic methoxyphenol isolated from Zingiber officinale, with potent anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antilipolytic, antidiarrhoeic, antispasmodic and anti-tumor[3] properties[1]. Zingerone alleviates oxidative stress and inflammation, down-regulates NF-κB mediated signaling pathways[2]. Zingerone acts as an anti-mitotic agent, and inhibits the growth of neuroblastoma cells[3].
ALDH1A1-IN-3 (compound 57) is an excellent and selective aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.379 μM. ALDH1A1-IN-3 can effectively improve glucose consumption in HepG2 cells. ALDH1A1-IN-3 can be used for researching glucose metabolism improvement[1].
Eliglustat is an specific, potent and orally active glucocerebroside synthase inhibitor with an IC50 of 24 nM.
Kuromanin (chloride), extracted from mulberry leaves, has been shown to improve blood glucose concentrations and lipid homeostasis and to reduce obesity.
Lathosterol is a cholesterol-like molecule. Serum Lathosterol concentration is an indicator of whole-body cholesterol synthesis.
Mefloquine (Mefloquin), an orally active and potent quinoline antimalarial agent, is an anti-SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitor. Mefloquine is also a K+ channel (KvQT1/minK) antagonist with an IC50 of ~1 μM. Mefloquine can be used for malaria, systemic lupus erythematosus and cancer research[1][2][3].
GLP-1R agonist 2 (compound 2) is a potent GLP-1R agonist. GLP-1R agonist 2 has the potential for the research of metabolic diseases like Type2 Diabetes and Obesity[1].
(-)-Lyoniresinol 9'-O-glucoside is an inhibitor of ROS. (-)-Lyoniresinol 9'-O-glucoside reduces lipid accumulation and lipid metabolic disorders in FFAs-exposed HepG2 cells. (-)-Lyoniresinol 9'-O-glucoside inhibits high glucose-induced reactive oxygen species production[1].