(Glu24)-Glucagon (1-29) (human, rat, porcine) is a fragment of glucagon.
DL-β-Hydroxybutyryl coenzyme A lithium is an intermediate in the fermentation of butyric acid and the metabolism of lysine and tryptophan, and is produced from β-hydroxybutyric acid by short-chain-CoA synthase[1][2].
Adipic acid-d4-1 is the deuterium labeled Adipic acid[1]. Adipic acid is found to be associated with HMG-CoA lyase deficiency, carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency, malonyl-Coa decarboxylase deficiency, and medium Chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, which are inborn errors of metabolism[2].
Glycolithocholic acid sodium is the sodium salt of Glycolithocholic acid. Glycolithocholic acid is a glycine-conjugated secondary bile acid. Glycolithocholic acid can be used to diagnose ulcerative colitis (UC), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)[1][2].
PX20606 trans racemate is a FXR agonist with EC50s of 32 and 34 nM for FXR in FRET and M1H assay, respectively.
Acarbose sulfate is an inhibitor of alpha glucosidase, an anti-diabetic drug.
Licochalcone C could inhibit α-glucosidase, with IC50s of <100 nM and 92.43 μM for α-glucosidase and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), respectively.
3-O-Methyl-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine is a potent inhibitor of N-acetylglucosamine kinase. 3-O-Methyl-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine potently inhibits glucose phosphorylation by N-acetylglucosamine kinase whereas glucokinase is not at all affected by this hexosamine[1].
Xenin is a 25-amino acid peptide initially isolated from human gastric mucosa. Xenin is a gut hormone that can reduce food intake.
LEI110 (LEI-110) is a potent Phospholipase A2 group XVI (PLA2G16) inhibitor with Ki of 20 nM, also has activity on HRASLS2, RARRES3 and iNAT (pIC50=6.8-7.6); reduces cellular arachidonic acid levels and oleic acid-induced lipolysis in human HepG2 cells; LEI110 is a selective pan-inhibitor of the HRASLS-family of thiol hydrolases (i.e. PLA2G16, HRASLS2, RARRES3 and iNAT).
BMS-819881 is a melaninconcentrating hormone receptor 1 (MCHR1) antagonist, which binds rat MCHR1 with a Ki of 7 nM. BMS-819881 also is selective and potent for CYP3A4 activity with an EC50 of 13 μM.
GSK1104252A is a potent and selective GPR119 agonist. GSK1104252A can be used for type 2 diabetes research[1].
Indole-13C is the 13C labeled Indole[1]. Indole is an endogenous metabolite.
MK-0493 is a potent, orally active and selective agonist of the melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4R), demonstrating significant reductions in energy intake[1].
L-Ornithine Hydrochloride is a free amino acid that plays a central role in the urea cycle and is also important for the disposal of excess nitrogen.
Guanylic acid is involved in several metabolic disorders, including the AICA-ribosiduria pathway, adenosine deaminase deficiency, adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency (aprt), and the 2-hydroxyglutric aciduria pathway.
T-3764518 is a novel and potent stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase (SCD) inhibitor with an IC50 of 4.7 nM.
Estrogen receptor-IN-1 (compound 16) is a potent estrogen receptor (ER) inhibitor with IC50s of 13, 5µM for ERα and Erβ, respectively[1].
Prepro-Atrial Natriuretic Factor (26-55) (human) is a polypeptide that increases renal cortical and medullary cyclic GMP levels. Prepro-Atrial Natriuretic Factor (26-55) (human) increases renal guanylate cyclase activity[1].
5'-Phosphoguanylyl-(3',5')-guanosine (pGpG) is an intermediate molecule produced by the pathway for enzymatic cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) degradation. 5'-Phosphoguanylyl-(3',5')-guanosine can be used to detect the metabolism of nucleic acids[1][2].
bpV(phen) is a potent protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) and PTEN inhibitor with IC50s of 38 nM, 343 nM and 920 nM for PTEN, PTP-β and PTP-1B. bpV(phen) is an insulin-mimetic agent following insulin-receptor tyrosine kinase hyperphosphorylation and activation. bpV(phen) activates HIV-1 transcription and replication via NF-κB-dependent and independent mechanisms. bpV(phen) inhibits proliferation of the protozoan parasite Leishmania in vitro. bpV(phen) strongly induces the secretion of a large number of chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and it activates a Th1-type pathway (IL-12, IFNγ). bpV(phen) can also induce cell apoptosis, and has anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor activity[1][2][3][4][5].
As an aldose reductase (ALR2) inhibitor, the compound is used to enhance the combination of inhibitory excitability and antioxidant capacity to delay the progress of diabetes complications.
JJH260 is AIG1inhibitor, and inhibit the fluorophosphonate reactivity and fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acid (FAHFA) hydrolysis activity of AIG1in HEK293T cells, with IC50 values of 0.50 μM and 0.57 μM, respectively[1].
HPPE is a specific nonelectrophilic and physiological Bach1 inhibitor via heme-binding sites of Bach1 protein, derepresses Bach1-mediated repression.HPPE induces up-regulation of Hmox1 mRNA is mediated by Bach1 inhibition in vivo.Nuclear export of Bach1 is required for HPPE-mediated Bach1 derepression, HPPE has an additional activity in Nrf2 stabilization besides Bach1 inhibition.Pre- and posttreatment of HPPE is neuroprotective against acute MPTP neurotoxicity.HPPE significantly reduced MPTP-induced increases in TNF-α and Mcp-1 mRNA levels, HPPE significantly increased mRNA levels of Nrf2 compared to MPTP-treated mice that received the vehicle.Bach1 is a known transcriptional repressor of the Nrf2 pathway.Bach1 ablation is cytoprotective, as it suppresses reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitigates excessive inflammation, improves mitochondrial function, and inhibits apoptosis.
MK6-83 is a new candidate agonist of TRPML1 with an improved efficacy and potency. MK6-83 has the potential for Mucolipidosis type IV study[1].
DGAT1-IN-1 is a potent DGAT1 inhibitor with IC50 of < 10 nM(cell lysate from Hep3B cells overexpressing human DGAT1).IC50 value: < 10 nMTarget: DGAT1 inhibitorImidazopyridine and imidazothiazole compounds as inhibitors of diacylglycerol o-acyltransferase type 1 enzyme and their preparationBy Kim, Dooseop; Bok, Juhan; Shin, Sunmi From PCT Int. Appl. (2013), WO 2013119040 A1 20130815.
GLP-1 receptor agonist 8 is a potent agonist of GLP-1 R. GLP-1 receptor agonist 8 has the potential for the research of diabetes, obesity, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (extracted from patent WO2019239319A1, compound 17)[1].
Dihydrocurcumin, a major metabolites of curcumin, reduces lipid accumulation and oxidative stress. Dihydrocurcumin regulates mRNA and protein expression levels of SREBP-1C, PNPLA3 and PPARα, increases protein expression levels of pAKT and PI3K, and reduced the levels of cellular NO and ROS via Nrf2 signaling pathways[1].
α-Homonojirimycin is a potent α-glucosidase inhibitor[1].